{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:15:39Z","timestamp":1793862939993,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T03:28:57Z","timestamp":1580441337000},"page":"102895","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lung cancer in never smokers: The role of different risk factors other than tobacco smoking"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Corrales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Rosell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s F.","family":"Cardona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zyanya Lucia","family":"Zatarain-Barr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1164-3779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Arrieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz288","article-title":"Outcomes to first-line pembrolizumab in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and very high PD-L1 expression","volume":"30","author":"Aguilar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2345","article-title":"Epidemiology of lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: american College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Alberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3182582a93","article-title":"Clinical and pathological characteristics, outcome and mutational profiles regarding non-small-cell lung cancer related to wood-smoke exposure","volume":"7","author":"Arrieta","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000481","article-title":"Updated frequency of EGFR and KRAS mutations in NonSmall-Cell lung Cancer in Latin America: the latin-american consortium for the investigation of lung Cancer (CLICaP)","volume":"10","author":"Arrieta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0025","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection and risk of lung cancer in never-smokers and women: an\u2019 adaptive\u2019 meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Bae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.04.016","article-title":"Household air pollution from domestic combustion of solid fuels and health","volume":"143","author":"Balmes","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.6345","article-title":"ROS1 rearrangements define a unique molecular class of lung cancers","volume":"30","author":"Bergethon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0040","first-page":"727","article-title":"[Epidemiologic of primary bronchial carcinoma management in the general French hospital centers]","volume":"19","author":"Blanchon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. Mal. Respir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0045","article-title":"The genomic landscape of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma in never smokers","author":"Boeckx","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-1475","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"147","author":"Bonifazi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017479","article-title":"Previous lung diseases and lung cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Brenner","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4487(01)00211-6","article-title":"Indoor radon measurements and methodologies in Latin American countries","volume":"34","author":"Canoba","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiat. Meas."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0065","article-title":"EGFR and KRAS mutations in patients having lung adenocarcnoma associated with human papilloma virus infection","volume":"8","author":"Cardona","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"11 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0070","first-page":"2","article-title":"Genotyping squamous cell lung carcinoma among hispanics (Geno1.1-CLICaP)","volume":"12","author":"Cardona","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.06.042","article-title":"Methyltransferase SETD2-Mediated methylation of STAT1 is critical for interferon antiviral activity","volume":"170","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224379","article-title":"Molecular characterization of lung adenocarcinoma from Korean patients using next generation sequencing","volume":"14","author":"Chun","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2017.08.022","article-title":"An international epidemiological analysis of young patients with non-small cell lung cancer (AduJov-CLICaP)","volume":"113","author":"Corrales-Rodriguez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.03.007","article-title":"Lung cancer in never smokers--a review","volume":"48","author":"Couraud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00097214","article-title":"BioCAST\/IFCT-1002: epidemiological and molecular features of lung cancer in never-smokers","volume":"45","author":"Couraud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2018.05.06","article-title":"The epidemiology of lung cancer","volume":"7","author":"de Groot","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt114","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and lung cancer: a review of an emerging hypothesis","volume":"34","author":"Deng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-016-1659-1","article-title":"Toxicity of wood smoke particles in human A549 lung epithelial cells: the role of PAHs, soot and zinc","volume":"90","author":"Dilger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7216","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07423","article-title":"Somatic mutations affect key pathways in lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"455","author":"Ding","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0120","first-page":"495","article-title":"Smoking and carcinoma of the lung","volume":"9","author":"Doll","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Unio Int. Contra Cancrum"},{"issue":"4682","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4682.739","article-title":"Smoking and carcinoma of the lung; preliminary report","volume":"2","author":"Doll","year":"1950","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2016.4235","article-title":"EGFR, ALK, RET, KRAS and BRAF alterations in never-smokers with non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Dong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"issue":"170","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0135","first-page":"5","article-title":"Lung cancer screening and prevention in a still endemic region for granulomatous disease: brazil","volume":"2","author":"dos Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ame Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.11.081","article-title":"Quartz in ash, and air in a high lung cancer incidence area in China","volume":"221","author":"Downward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100866","article-title":"Clinicopathological and demographical characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer patients with ALK rearrangements: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2503","article-title":"Global estimate of lung Cancer mortality attributable to residential radon","volume":"126","author":"Gaskin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0155","first-page":"658","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori infection and lung Cancer: new insights and future challenges","volume":"21","author":"GonzAlez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhongguo fei ai za zhi"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70057-7","article-title":"Lung cancer in never smokers: a new hot area of research","volume":"11","author":"Govindan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64851-1","article-title":"Different subtypes of human lung adenocarcinoma caused by different etiological factors. Evidence from p53 mutational spectra","volume":"157","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"9173","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)06093-6","article-title":"Early Lung Cancer action Project: overall design and findings from baseline screening","volume":"354","author":"Henschke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e495","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30125-X","article-title":"Cancer risk in HIV-infected people in the USA from 1996 to 2012: a population-based, registry-linkage study","volume":"4","author":"Hernandez-Ramirez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002217","article-title":"In-home coal and wood use and lung cancer risk: a pooled analysis of the International Lung Cancer consortium","volume":"118","author":"Hosgood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060476","article-title":"Survival of patients with stage I lung cancer detected on CT screening","volume":"355","author":"International Early Lung Cancer Action Program","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.11.002","article-title":"Role of low-dose computerized tomography in lung Cancer screening among never-smokers","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2019.60.7.597","article-title":"Health effects of radon exposure","volume":"60","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-018-0429-3","article-title":"Acquired SETD2 mutation and impaired CREB1 activation confer cisplatin resistance in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22559","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25176","article-title":"Lung cancer in never smokers from the Princess Margaret Cancer centre","volume":"9","author":"Korpanty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000152522.80261.e3","article-title":"Residential radon and risk of lung cancer: a combined analysis of 7 North American case-control studies","volume":"16","author":"Krewski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3741","article-title":"Using multiplexed assays of oncogenic drivers in lung cancers to select targeted drugs","volume":"311","author":"Kris","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6071","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-3195","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing of asian lung cancers: second-hand smoke unlikely to be responsible for higher incidence of lung cancer among Asian never-smokers","volume":"74","author":"Krishnan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2456","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci in never-smoking women in Asia","volume":"44","author":"Lan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"7297","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09004","article-title":"The mutation spectrum revealed by paired genome sequences from a lung cancer patient","volume":"465","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.013","article-title":"Tracing oncogene rearrangements in the mutational history of lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"177","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.04.002","article-title":"Indoor radon exposure increases tumor mutation burden in never-smoker patients with lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"131","author":"Lim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0245","series-title":"Indoor Smoke From Solid Fuels: Assessing the Environmental Burden of Disease","author":"MA Desai","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1843.2003.00464.x","article-title":"Women and tobacco","volume":"8","author":"Mackay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3182904dfb","article-title":"Specificities of lung adenocarcinoma in women who have never smoked","volume":"8","author":"Mazieres","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0053-3","article-title":"Clinical activity and molecular correlates of response to atezolizumab alone or in combination with bevacizumab versus sunitinib in renal cell carcinoma","volume":"24","author":"McDermott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.21149\/10090","article-title":"Tuberculosis and lung cancer","volume":"61","author":"Molina-Romero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102873","article-title":"Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening","volume":"365","author":"National Lung Screening Trial Research, T","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12468","article-title":"Measuring public knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to radon to inform cancer control activities and practices","volume":"28","author":"Neri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021611","article-title":"Smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer in women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2018.05.026","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome of ROS1-Positive non-small cell lung Cancer patients in routine clinical practice","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2014.09.003","article-title":"Occupational burden of asbestos-related cancer in Argentina, brazil, Colombia, and Mexico","volume":"80","author":"Pasetto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Glob. Health"},{"issue":"15 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0295","article-title":"Rate of never smokers in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients","volume":"33","author":"Pelosof","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/esmoopen-2018-000344","article-title":"Gender and outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer: an old prognostic variable comes back for targeted therapy and immunotherapy?","volume":"3","author":"Pinto","year":"2018","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11614","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14595","article-title":"Asthma and the risk of lung cancer: a meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Qu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2010.02.013","article-title":"[Management and outcome of French elderly patients with lung cancer: an IFCT survey]","volume":"27","author":"Quoix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Mal. Respir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2018.02.014","article-title":"The burden of lung cancer in Latin-America and challenges in the access to genomic profiling, immunotherapy and targeted treatments","volume":"119","author":"Raez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5731","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0646","article-title":"Frequency and distinctive spectrum of KRAS mutations in never smokers with lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Riely","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.4365","article-title":"Personalized medicine in non-small-cell lung cancer: is KRAS a useful marker in selecting patients for epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapy?","volume":"28","author":"Roberts","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0789-x","article-title":"KRAS oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer: clinical perspectives on the treatment of an old target","volume":"17","author":"Roman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061431","article-title":"Heterogeneous responses to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with uncommon EGFR mutations: new insights and future perspectives in this complex clinical scenario","volume":"20","author":"Russo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2017.1323580","article-title":"Current status of research and treatment for non-small cell lung cancer in never-smoking females","volume":"18","author":"Saito","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2019004","article-title":"Health effects of exposure to radon: implications of the radon bed mattress incident in Korea","volume":"41","author":"Seo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr.2019.03.05","article-title":"Environmental and occupational determinants of lung cancer","volume":"8","author":"Shankar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Lung Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0000000000000033","article-title":"A prospective, molecular epidemiology study of EGFR mutations in Asian patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer of adenocarcinoma histology (PIONEER)","volume":"9","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2190","article-title":"Lung cancer in never smokers--a different disease","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-009-0808-7","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features of non-small-cell lung cancer with EML4-ALK fusion gene","volume":"17","author":"Takahashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy401","article-title":"Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"29","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj187","article-title":"Lung cancer death rates in lifelong nonsmokers","volume":"98","author":"Thun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e185","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050185","article-title":"Lung cancer occurrence in never-smokers: an analysis of 13 cohorts and 22 cancer registry studies","volume":"5","author":"Thun","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.04.8033","article-title":"Never-smokers with lung cancer: epidemiologic evidence of a distinct disease entity","volume":"24","author":"Toh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01524-2015","article-title":"Small cell lung cancer in never-smokers","volume":"47","author":"Torres-Duran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10787","article-title":"Smoke exposure, histologic type and geography-related differences in the methylation profiles of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"103","author":"Toyooka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e31827914ea","article-title":"Lungs don\u2019t forget: comparison of the KRAS and EGFR mutation profile and survival of collegiate smokers and never smokers with advanced lung cancers","volume":"8","author":"Varghese","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-010-0160-8","article-title":"Non-small cell lung cancer in never smokers as a representative\u2019 non-smoking-associated lung cancer\u2019: epidemiology and clinical features","volume":"16","author":"Yano","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78985","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12587","article-title":"The prevalence of EGFR mutation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"}],"container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842820300330?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842820300330?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T19:31:44Z","timestamp":1760902304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1040842820300330"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["S1040842820300330"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8428"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8428","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lung cancer in never smokers: The role of different risk factors other than tobacco smoking","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2020.102895","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102895"}}