{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:35:36Z","timestamp":1793090136632,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:34:23Z","timestamp":1787787263000},"page":"105564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion\u2013driven giant cell tumors: Diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Tarek","family":"Assi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tania","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carine","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Faron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Verret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonin","family":"L\u00e9vy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Honor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Le P\u00e9choux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rastilav","family":"Bahleda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Vibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Le Cesne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.9675","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumor: a case report with 1-year follow-up","volume":"12","author":"AbuHejleh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-021-00789-8","article-title":"Recurrent novel HMGA2-NCOR2 fusions characterize a subset of keratin-positive giant cell-rich soft tissue tumors","volume":"34","author":"Agaimy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-009-0863-2","article-title":"Morphological and immunophenotypic features of primary and metastatic giant cell tumour of bone","volume":"456","author":"Alberghini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000859","article-title":"H3F3A (Histone 3.3) G34W immunohistochemistry: a reliable marker defining benign and malignant giant cell tumor of bone","volume":"41","author":"Amary","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-14130-y","article-title":"Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Ewing\u2019s sarcoma: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Assi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2025.102904","article-title":"Therapeutic advances in Tenosynovial giant cell tumor: targeting the CSF1\/CSF1R axis","author":"Assi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051240","article-title":"Targeting the VEGF pathway in osteosarcoma","volume":"10","author":"Assi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2814","article-title":"Distinct H3F3A and H3F3B driver mutations define chondroblastoma and giant cell tumor of bone","volume":"45","author":"Behjati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy129","article-title":"Complete response to CSF1R inhibitor in a translocation variant of teno-synovial giant cell tumor without genomic alteration of the CSF1 gene","volume":"29","author":"Brahmi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2008.295","article-title":"Imatinib sensitivity as a consequence of a CSF1R-Y571D mutation and CSF1\/CSF1R signaling abnormalities in the cell line GDM1","volume":"23","author":"Chase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(19)30663-1","article-title":"Denosumab in patients with giant-cell tumour of bone: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study","volume":"20","author":"Chawla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20151228-04","article-title":"Giant cell tumors of the bone with pulmonary metastasis","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib13","series-title":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","article-title":"Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor review","author":"Chrisinger","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31802b86f8","article-title":"Translocation and expression of CSF1 in pigmented villonodular synovitis, tenosynovial giant cell tumor, rheumatoid arthritis and other reactive synovitides","volume":"31","author":"Cupp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2004.12.020","article-title":"Late radiation morbidity following randomization to preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in extremity soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"75","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000003120","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous Epithelial Tumor in a Pediatric Patient. A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall With Non-Langerhans Cell Histiocytic Neoplasms, Particularly Juvenile Xanthogranuloma","volume":"47","author":"de Stefano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Dermatopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-022-01115-6","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumors and keratin-positive giant cell-rich soft tissue tumors: two aspects of a single entity with frequent HMGA2-NCOR2 fusions","volume":"35","author":"Dehner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2023.11.006","article-title":"CSF1 expression in xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumor\/keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor","volume":"143","author":"Dehner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61857-1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib (GRID): an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"381","author":"Demetri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib20","article-title":"94 HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion keratin-positive giant cell tumors of soft tissue and bone, all sites","volume":"105","author":"Din","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lab. Invest. USCAP 114th Annu. Meet. See Light."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.10.022","article-title":"Discovery of new fusion transcripts in a cohort of pediatric solid cancers at relapse and relevance for personalized medicine","volume":"27","author":"Dupain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib22","unstructured":"FDA Approves Amgen\u2019s XGEVA\u00ae (denosumab) For The Treatment Of Giant Cell Tumor Of Bone [WWW Document], 2013. Amgen. URL https:\/\/www.amgen.com\/newsroom\/press-releases\/2013\/06\/fda-approves-amgens-xgeva-denosumab-for-the-treatment-of-giant-cell-tumor-of-bone (accessed 11.26.25)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2023.07.002","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumors and keratin-positive giant cell rich tumors of soft tissue and bone: two sides of the same coin","volume":"17","author":"Folpe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg. Pathol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib24","first-page":"894","article-title":"Soft tissue giant cell tumor of low malignant potential: a proposal for the reclassification of malignant giant cell tumor of soft parts","volume":"12","author":"Folpe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol. Off. J. U. S. Can. Acad. Pathol. Inc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0562-8","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumor: report of 6 cases of a novel, potentially deceptive lesion with a predilection for young women","volume":"33","author":"Fritchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.050","article-title":"Driver fusions and their implications in the development and treatment of human cancers","volume":"23","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1012527","article-title":"Expanding the molecular spectrum of tenosynovial giant cell tumors","volume":"12","author":"Gauduchon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969241308224","article-title":"Keratin positive giant cell rich tumor of the pelvic bone with a HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Geuens","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2015-203248","article-title":"Denosumab treated giant cell tumour of bone: a morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of a series","volume":"69","author":"Girolami","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.12.023","article-title":"RANKL-independent human osteoclast formation with APRIL, BAFF, NGF, IGF I and IGF II","volume":"48","author":"Hemingway","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.07.038","article-title":"Imatinib in advanced chordoma: a retrospective case series analysis","volume":"51","author":"Hindi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1144","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1018","article-title":"TumorFusions: an integrative resource for cancer-associated transcript fusions","volume":"46","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-019-01210-0","article-title":"Pexidartinib: first approval","volume":"79","author":"Lamb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2005.07.005","article-title":"Phenotypic and molecular studies of giant-cell tumors of bone and soft tissue","volume":"36","author":"Lau","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2016.236","article-title":"Giant cell tumor of soft tissue is genetically distinct from its bone counterpart","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mod. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63323-8","article-title":"Cathepsin K is the principal protease in giant cell tumor of bone","volume":"165","author":"Lindeman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00983.x","article-title":"Imatinib treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)","volume":"14","author":"Lopes","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13744","article-title":"Does CSF1 overexpression or rearrangement influence biological behaviour in tenosynovial giant cell tumours of the knee?","volume":"74","author":"Mastboom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.2017.1361126","article-title":"Higher incidence rates than previously known in tenosynovial giant cell tumors: A nationwide study in The Netherlands","volume":"88","author":"Mastboom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2018.4940","article-title":"Imatinib treatment for locally advanced or metastatic dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a systematic review","volume":"155","author":"Navarrete-Dechent","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib41","unstructured":"NCCN guidelines - Soft Tissue Sarcoma Version 2.2023, n.d."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib42","first-page":"53","article-title":"Pazopanib: approval for soft-tissue sarcoma","volume":"4","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Adv. Pract. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16101940","article-title":"Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor: a review and update","volume":"16","author":"Nishio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200003000-00007","article-title":"Giant cell tumors of soft tissue: a clinicopathologic study of 18 benign and malignant tumors","volume":"24","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09292-9","article-title":"Preoperative versus postoperative radiotherapy in soft-tissue sarcoma of the limbs: a randomised trial","volume":"359","author":"O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.01.028","article-title":"Denosumab in advanced\/unresectable giant-cell tumour of bone (GCTB): for how long?","volume":"76","author":"Palmerini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.21873\/cgp.20312","article-title":"Recurrent fusion of the genes for high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) and nuclear receptor co-repressor 2 (NCOR2) in osteoclastic giant cell-rich tumors of bone","volume":"19","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Genom. Proteom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969231185076","article-title":"Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor of bone harboring an HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion: two cases, including a patient with metastatic disease, and review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Patton","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000002051","article-title":"Giant cell tumors with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion: clinicopathologic, molecular, and epigenetic study of a distinct entity","volume":"47","author":"Perret","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4424","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.10.6331","article-title":"A combination of osteoclast differentiation factor and macrophage-colony stimulating factor is sufficient for both human and mouse osteoclast formation in vitro","volume":"139","author":"Quinn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1177\/014556131109000509","article-title":"Extraskeletal giant cell tumor of the larynx: case report and review of the literature","volume":"90","author":"Rochanawutanon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ear. Nose. Throat J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.23.00659","article-title":"Keratin-positive giant cell tumor of bone and soft tissue with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion in children under 10 with response to imatinib therapy: a case series","author":"Rungsiprakarn","year":"2024","journal-title":"JCO Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib53","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Primary giant cell tumor of the skull base with hmga::ncor2 fusion: an ultra-rare entity in the young pediatric patient","volume":"86","author":"Shaftel","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Surg. Part. B Skull Base"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200004000-00002","article-title":"Diffuse-type giant cell tumor: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 50 cases with extraarticular disease","volume":"24","author":"Somerhausen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.22551\/2023.40.1003.10261","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumor: a novel entity of uncertain biologic potential","volume":"10","author":"Svantesson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780040","article-title":"HMGI-C and HMGI (Y) immunoreactivity correlates with cytogenetic abnormalities in lipomas, pulmonary chondroid hamartomas, endometrial polyps, and uterine leiomyomas and is compatible with rearrangement of the HMGI-C and HMGI (Y) genes","volume":"80","author":"Tallini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2017.02.021","article-title":"Giant cell tumour of bone in the denosumab era","volume":"77","author":"Van Der Heijden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.14497","article-title":"Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumors of soft tissue with HMGA2::NCOR2 fusions","volume":"50","author":"Weigelt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507321103","article-title":"A landscape effect in tenosynovial giant-cell tumor from activation of CSF1 expression by a translocation in a minority of tumor cells","volume":"103","author":"West","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib60","series-title":"Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology","article-title":"Head and neck xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumors\/keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumors","author":"Whaley","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-024-03892-8","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous epithelial tumors\/keratin-positive giant cell\u2013rich tumors involving the head and neck: report of seven cases and review of the literature","volume":"485","author":"Whaley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib62","first-page":"609","article-title":"Giant cell-rich tumour with keratin expression and HMGA2:: NCOR2 fusion presenting at a rare location, on the scalp of a 29-year-old male","volume":"56","author":"Wilsher","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathol. (Phila. )"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2017.11.020","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of histone H3. 3 G34W, G34R, and G34V mutant-specific antibodies for giant cell tumors of bone","volume":"73","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842826004518?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842826004518?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:50:37Z","timestamp":1793087437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1040842826004518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S1040842826004518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8428"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8428","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"HMGA2::NCOR2 fusion\u2013driven giant cell tumors: Diagnosis and treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105564","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105564"}}