{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:46:00Z","timestamp":1792752360023,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:32:49Z","timestamp":1791387169000},"page":"105641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["FGFR-altered urothelial carcinoma in the EV\u2013pembrolizumab era: Rationale and emerging data for upfront triplet strategies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Claudia Maria","family":"Ascione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Congi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Feliciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmine","family":"Caso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felice","family":"Crocetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ciro","family":"Imbimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Servetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio Di","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7205-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Formisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib1","article-title":"Optimizing wound healing with antibacterial metal oxide nanoparticles: A comparative analysis of efficacy and biological mechanisms","volume":"105","author":"Abbas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Drug. Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-2426","article-title":"Inhibition of FGFR Reactivates IFNgamma Signaling in Tumor Cells to Enhance the Combined Antitumor Activity of Lenvatinib with Anti-PD-1 Antibodies","volume":"82","author":"Adachi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-20-0235","article-title":"Pharmacologic Inhibition of FGFR Modulates the Metastatic Immune Microenvironment and Promotes Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade","volume":"8","author":"Akhand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"6312","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aag0299","article-title":"Mutational signatures associated with tobacco smoking in human cancer","volume":"354","author":"Alexandrov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0092330","article-title":"Nanoformulation of intelligence polymeric nanocarrier for resveratrol targeted delivery and study its cytotoxic, apoptotic, and genetics effects in epidermoid carcinoma therapy","volume":"2437","author":"Alnasraui","year":"2022","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2023.102530","article-title":"Role of FGFR3 in bladder cancer: Treatment landscape and future challenges","volume":"115","author":"Ascione","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30616-2","article-title":"First-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study","volume":"18","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"10064","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32455-2","article-title":"Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial","volume":"389","author":"Balar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract13010003","article-title":"The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy","volume":"13","author":"Basudan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1258388","article-title":"Treatment approaches for FGFR-altered urothelial carcinoma: targeted therapies and immunotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Benjamin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64665-2","article-title":"Frequent FGFR3 mutations in papillary non-invasive bladder (pTa) tumors","volume":"158","author":"Billerey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"7492","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12965","article-title":"Comprehensive molecular characterization of urothelial bladder carcinoma","volume":"507","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/12615","article-title":"Frequent activating mutations of FGFR3 in human bladder and cervix carcinomas","volume":"23","author":"Cappellen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106914","article-title":"Enhancing personalized immune checkpoint therapy by immune archetyping and pharmacological targeting","volume":"196","author":"Cerella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"6 4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib15","first-page":"S193","article-title":"Histologic variants of urothelial bladder cancer and nonurothelial histology in bladder cancer","volume":"3","author":"Chalasani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. Urol. Assoc. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.03.010","article-title":"Genetic Alterations in the Molecular Subtypes of Bladder Cancer: Illustration in the Cancer Genome Atlas Dataset","volume":"72","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5123","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4175","article-title":"Heterogeneity in NECTIN4 Expression Across Molecular Subtypes of Urothelial Cancer Mediates Sensitivity to Enfortumab Vedotin","volume":"27","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"10_ement","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B014","DOI":"10.1158\/1557-3265.BLADDER24-B014","article-title":"Abstract B014: FGFR inhibition upregulates Nectin-4 expression in FGFR3 altered urothelial carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Clark-Garvey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-0151","article-title":"AACR Project GENIE: Powering Precision Medicine through an International Consortium","volume":"7","author":"Consortium","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5740","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36456-3","article-title":"ETV5 links the FGFR3 and Hippo signalling pathways in bladder cancer","volume":"9","author":"di Martino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt419","article-title":"Genomic aberrations in the FGFR pathway: opportunities for targeted therapies in solid tumors","volume":"25","author":"Dienstmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07454.x","article-title":"Cloning and expression of two distinct high-affinity receptors cross-reacting with acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors","volume":"9","author":"Dionne","year":"1990","journal-title":"Embo J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3692","article-title":"Clonal evolution of chemotherapy-resistant urothelial carcinoma","volume":"48","author":"Faltas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0024","article-title":"NCCN Guidelines(R) Insights: Bladder Cancer, Version 3.2024","volume":"22","author":"Flaig","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Natl. Compr. Canc Netw."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70275-8","article-title":"A consensus definition of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Galsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.34.8433","article-title":"Treatment of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer \"unfit\" for Cisplatin-based chemotherapy","volume":"29","author":"Galsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1200\/PO-25-00257","article-title":"Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Alteration Status and Outcomes on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCO Precis. Oncol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-025-02144-6","article-title":"Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Multifunctional Targeted Platforms for Cancer Detection and Combination Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Haider","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioNanoScience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers18010089","article-title":"FGFR Aberrations in Solid Tumors: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Translation of Targeted Therapies","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-3212","article-title":"The FGFR Landscape in Cancer: Analysis of 4,853 Tumors by Next-Generation Sequencing","volume":"22","author":"Helsten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.08.005","article-title":"Genomic Subtypes of Non-invasive Bladder Cancer with Distinct Metabolic Profile and Female Gender Bias in KDM6A Mutation Frequency","volume":"32","author":"Hurst","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8031","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.698472","article-title":"A Hippo and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Autocrine Pathway in Cholangiocarcinoma","volume":"291","author":"Ilyas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5_","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2025.43.5_suppl.662","article-title":"A first-in-human phase 1 study of LY3866288 (LOXO-435), a potent, highly isoform-selective FGFR3 inhibitor (FGFR3i) in advanced solid tumors with FGFR3 alterations: Initial results from FORAGER-1","volume":"43","author":"Iyer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-2362","article-title":"FGFR3 Destabilizes PD-L1 via NEDD4 to Control T-cell-Mediated Bladder Cancer Immune Surveillance","volume":"82","author":"Jing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.09.006","article-title":"A Consensus Molecular Classification of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer","volume":"77","author":"Kamoun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"issue":"9685","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60491-8","article-title":"Bladder cancer","volume":"374","author":"Kaufman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.4.1095","article-title":"Isolation of an additional member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, FGFR-3","volume":"88","author":"Keegan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3817","article-title":"Molecular biology of bladder cancer: new insights into pathogenesis and clinical diversity","volume":"15","author":"Knowles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01897-6","article-title":"The Impact of FGFR3 Alterations on the Tumor Microenvironment and the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Bladder Cancer","volume":"22","author":"Komura","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-022-00608-y","article-title":"The dynamic roles of the bladder tumour microenvironment","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1159\/000358640","article-title":"Reductions in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and lung metastases using AZD4547 treatment of a metastatic murine breast tumor model","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308849","article-title":"Erdafitinib or Chemotherapy in Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"389","author":"Loriot","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1817323","article-title":"Erdafitinib in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"381","author":"Loriot","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2014.10.013","article-title":"Phase 2 trial of dovitinib in patients with progressive FGFR3-mutated or FGFR3 wild-type advanced urothelial carcinoma","volume":"50","author":"Milowsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910348","article-title":"Immunohistochemical Expression of p53 and FGFR3 Predicts Response to Enfortumab Vedotin in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"25","author":"Nagata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.10.794","article-title":"Pemigatinib for metastatic or surgically unresectable urothelial carcinoma with FGF\/FGFR genomic alterations: final results from FIGHT-201","volume":"35","author":"Necchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-017-0514-4","article-title":"Safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamics of erdafitinib, a pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced or refractory solid tumors","volume":"36","author":"Nishina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Invest. New. Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI169241","article-title":"FGFR inhibition augments anti-PD-1 efficacy in murine FGFR3-mutant bladder cancer by abrogating immunosuppression","volume":"134","author":"Okato","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051154","article-title":"Targeting the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Family in Lung Cancer","volume":"10","author":"Pacini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0595","article-title":"The Combined Effect of FGFR Inhibition and PD-1 Blockade Promotes Tumor-Intrinsic Induction of Antitumor Immunity","volume":"7","author":"Palakurthi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239","article-title":"The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Pardoll","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2020.204","article-title":"Systemic treatment for advanced urothelial cancer: an update on recent clinical trials and current treatment options","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-16-0589","article-title":"Discovery and Pharmacological Characterization of JNJ-42756493 (Erdafitinib), a Functionally Selective Small-Molecule FGFR Family Inhibitor","volume":"16","author":"Perera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"10122","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33297-X","article-title":"Atezolizumab versus chemotherapy in patients with platinum-treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (IMvigor211): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial","volume":"391","author":"Powles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01792","article-title":"Avelumab First-Line Maintenance for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Results From the JAVELIN Bladder 100 Trial After >\/=2 Years of Follow-Up","volume":"41","author":"Powles","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035807","article-title":"Enfortumab Vedotin in Previously Treated Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"384","author":"Powles","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2312117","article-title":"Enfortumab Vedotin and Pembrolizumab in Untreated Advanced Urothelial Cancer","volume":"390","author":"Powles","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.05.536","article-title":"Enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab in untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: 2.5-year median follow-up of the phase III EV-302\/KEYNOTE-A39 trial","volume":"36","author":"Powles","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107722","article-title":"A cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes-based signature enables the evaluation of immunotherapy response and prognosis in bladder cancer","volume":"26","author":"Qin","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2024.04.006","article-title":"Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or combination first-line treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: A large real-world experience","volume":"42","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.007","article-title":"Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer","volume":"171","author":"Robertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.08.016","article-title":"EV-301 long-term outcomes: 24-month findings from the phase III trial of enfortumab vedotin versus chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced urothelial carcinoma","volume":"34","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-024-00872-0","article-title":"The evolving treatment landscape of metastatic urothelial cancer","volume":"21","author":"Roviello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01761-7","article-title":"Unleashing the potential of combining FGFR inhibitor and immune checkpoint blockade for FGF\/FGFR signaling in tumor microenvironment","volume":"22","author":"Ruan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib65","article-title":"Bladder cancer","volume":"3","author":"Sanli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-018-2544-8","article-title":"Forty years of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: are we understanding how, who and when?","volume":"37","author":"Schardt","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.03.030","article-title":"Impact of Molecular Subtypes in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer on Predicting Response and Survival after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy","volume":"72","author":"Seiler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020849","article-title":"Molecular Targeting of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Pathway across Various Cancers","volume":"25","author":"Shan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.10.003","article-title":"Erdafitinib versus pembrolizumab in pretreated patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer with select FGFR alterations: cohort 2 of the randomized phase III THOR trial","volume":"35","author":"Siefker-Radtke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107230","article-title":"Effect of FGFR alteration on prognosis in 1963 urothelial carcinoma patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Implying combination of FGFR inhibitor and immunotherapy for FGFR-altered urothelial carcinoma","volume":"205","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2022-006643","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutation attenuates response to immune checkpoint blockade in metastatic urothelial carcinoma by driving immunosuppressive microenvironment","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.11.006","article-title":"Unlocking precision oncology with FGFR inhibition in urothelial carcinoma","volume":"35","author":"Sonpavde","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)42494-3","article-title":"M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin) for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium","volume":"139","author":"Sternberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1080\/14796694.2025.2482363","article-title":"Enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab: redefining the standard of care for previously untreated advanced urothelial cancer","volume":"21","author":"Sternschuss","year":"2025","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib75","first-page":"209","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-15-0274","article-title":"Molecular Drivers of the Non-T-cell-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment in Urothelial Bladder Cancer","volume":"4","author":"Sweis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11468-024-02469-0","article-title":"Laser-fabricated Metal Oxide Core\u2013shell Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: a Mini Review","volume":"20","author":"Talib","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plasmonics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2025.104868","article-title":"IHC-based molecular classification in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma: Prognostic and predictive value toward a clinically applicable IHC marker panel - A systematic review","volume":"214","author":"Tatar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-2816","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 promotes proliferation and survival via activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in bladder cancer","volume":"69","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2329","article-title":"Targeting FGFR Signaling in Cancer","volume":"21","author":"Touat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-00313-1","article-title":"Advances in bladder cancer biology and therapy","volume":"21","author":"Tran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2780","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor signalling: from development to cancer","volume":"10","author":"Turner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.02763","article-title":"Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Versus Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin in Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Results of a Large, Randomized, Multinational, Multicenter, Phase III Study","volume":"41","author":"von der Maase","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.20230015","article-title":"Therapeutic responses to chemotherapy or immunotherapy by molecular subtype in bladder cancer patients: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Investig. Clin. Urol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2009.01.025","article-title":"ESRP1 and ESRP2 are epithelial cell-type-specific regulators of FGFR2 splicing","volume":"33","author":"Warzecha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds486","article-title":"Oncogenic FGFR3 gene fusions in bladder cancer","volume":"22","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4564","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.68972","article-title":"FGFR blockade boosts T cell infiltration into triple-negative breast cancer by regulating cancer-associated fibroblasts","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0050","article-title":"Identification of targetable FGFR gene fusions in diverse cancers","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib89","article-title":"Comprehensive FGFR3 alteration-related transcriptomic characterization is involved in immune infiltration and correlated with prognosis and immunotherapy response of bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-021-01040-2","article-title":"FGFR-TKI resistance in cancer: current status and perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hematol. Oncol."}],"container-title":["Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842826005287?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1040842826005287?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:24:28Z","timestamp":1792751068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1040842826005287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":90,"alternative-id":["S1040842826005287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-8428"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-8428","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"FGFR-altered urothelial carcinoma in the EV\u2013pembrolizumab era: Rationale and emerging data for upfront triplet strategies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2026.105641","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105641"}}