{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:14:58Z","timestamp":1792887298032,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,11]],"date-time":"2011-12-11T01:22:18Z","timestamp":1323566538000},"page":"588-596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Thiopurine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease: Response predictors, safety, and withdrawal in follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Costantino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Furfaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Belvedere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Alibrandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Fries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0005","first-page":"CD000545","article-title":"Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for inducing remission of Crohn's disease","volume":"2","author":"Sandborn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0010","first-page":"CD000067","article-title":"Azathioprine for maintaining remission of Crohn's disease","volume":"2","author":"Pearson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.64","article-title":"Efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.202101","article-title":"Natural history of Crohn's disease in a population-based cohort from Cardiff (1986\u20132003): a study of changes in medical treatment and surgical resection rates","volume":"59","author":"Ramadas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-10-26","article-title":"The effects of thiopurine therapy on health-related quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"10","author":"Bastida","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21221","article-title":"Thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: analyses of two 8-year intercept cohorts","volume":"16","author":"Jharap","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.4.485","article-title":"The efficacy of azathioprine for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a 30 years review","volume":"50","author":"Fraser","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2001.01102.x","article-title":"Review article: the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine","volume":"15","author":"Nielsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2004.09.029","article-title":"Thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: pharmacogenetics, therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical recommendations","volume":"37","author":"Al Hadithy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.34.8.1081","article-title":"Bone marrow toxicity caused by azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease: 27years of experience","volume":"34","author":"Connel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0055","first-page":"362","article-title":"The role of leukopenia in the 6-mercaptopurine induced remission of refractory Crohn's disease","volume":"89","author":"Colonna","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200407000-00003","article-title":"Indicators of clinical response to treatment with six-mercaptopurine or azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"10","author":"Achkar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2000.105215","article-title":"Relationship between red cell mean corpuscular volume and 6-thioguanine nucleotides in patients treated with azathioprine","volume":"135","author":"Decaux","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(05)82219-5","article-title":"RBC 6-TGN and hematological parameters in patients with Crohn's disease treated by azathioprine","volume":"29","author":"D'Halluin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.3.401","article-title":"6-Mercaptopurine metabolism in Crohn's disease: correlation with efficacy and toxicity","volume":"39","author":"Cuffari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.032896","article-title":"Clinical significance of azathioprine active metabolite concentrations in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"53","author":"Wright","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.02.032","article-title":"Thiopurine dose in intermediate and normal metabolizers of thiopurine methyltransferase may differ three-fold","volume":"6","author":"Gardiner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02980.x","article-title":"Review article: thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Derijks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(00)70354-4","article-title":"Genotypic analysis of thiopurine S-methyltransferase in patients with Crohn's disease and severe myelosuppression during azathioprine therapy","volume":"118","author":"Colombel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/470863","article-title":"Thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity determination before treatment of inflammatory bowel disease with azathioprine: effect on cost and adverse events","volume":"19","author":"Sayani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21662","article-title":"Use of thiopurine testing in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases in clinical practice: a worldwide survey of experts","volume":"17","author":"Roblin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.224154","article-title":"IBD Section of the British Society of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults","volume":"60","author":"Mowat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2008.168","article-title":"Practice Parameters Committee of American College of Gastroenterology. Management of Crohn's disease in adults","volume":"104","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.082909","article-title":"The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications","volume":"55","author":"Satsangi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2009.12.002","article-title":"European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO). The second European evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: current management","volume":"4","author":"Dignass","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crohn's Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2007.11.002","article-title":"M. Gassull for the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO). European evidence-based Consensus on the management of ulcerative colitis: current management","volume":"2","author":"Travis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Crohn's Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04393.x","article-title":"Long-term results with azathioprine therapy in patients with corticosteroid-dependent Crohn's disease: open-label prospective study","volume":"22","author":"Chebli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2008.05.002","article-title":"Lower doses of 6-mercaptopurine\/azathioprine bring enough clinical efficacy and therapeutic concentration of erythrocyte 6-mercaptopurine metabolite in Japanese IBD patients","volume":"2","author":"Komiyama","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Crohn's Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03732.x","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of azathioprine in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: prospective, long-term, follow-up study of 394 patients","volume":"28","author":"Gisbert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21382","article-title":"Azathioprine is effective in corticosteroid-dependent Asian inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"17","author":"Thia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1067\/mlc.2000.105215","article-title":"Relationship between red cell mean corpuscular volume and 6-thioguanine nucleotides in patients treated with azathioprine","volume":"135","author":"Decaux","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200307000-00004","article-title":"Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume as a surrogate marker for 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentration monitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine","volume":"9","author":"Thomas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.49.5.665","article-title":"Measurement of thiopurine methyltransferase activity and azathioprine metabolites in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"49","author":"Lowry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520150218084","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in Crohn disease","volume":"36","author":"Belaiche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.01.003","article-title":"Thiopurine methyltransferase activity combined with 6-thioguanine metabolite levels predicts clinical response to thiopurines in patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"40","author":"Kwan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2011.04756.x","article-title":"Thiopurine methyl-transferase activity and azathioprine metabolite concentrations do not predict clinical outcome in thiopurine-treated inflammatory bowel disease patients","volume":"34","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Lama","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2004.02030.x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of thiopurinic immunomodulators (azathioprine and mercaptopurine) in steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis","volume":"20","author":"Lopez-Sanroman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MIB.0000173271.18319.53","article-title":"Correlation of C-reactive protein with clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and radiographic activity in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"11","author":"Solem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.05.003","article-title":"C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or both? A systematic evaluation in pediatric ulcerative colitis","volume":"5","author":"Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Crohn's Colitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0846-9","article-title":"Significant differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis regarding the impact of body mass index and initial disease activity on responsiveness to azathioprine: results from a European multicenter study in 1,176 patients","volume":"55","author":"Holtmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0936-8","article-title":"Response to medical treatment in patients with Crohn's disease: the role of NOD2\/CARD15, disease phenotype, and age of diagnosis","volume":"55","author":"Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.03.016","article-title":"The use of thiopurines for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases in clinical practice","volume":"40","author":"Saibeni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.18144","article-title":"A multicenter trial of 6-mercaptopurine and prednisone in children with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease","volume":"119","author":"Markowitz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20345","article-title":"How are azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine dosed by gastroenterologists? Results of a survey of clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Yip","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02977.x","article-title":"Adverse events leading to modification of therapy in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Hindorf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.07.019","article-title":"Timing of myelosuppression during thiopurine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: implications for monitoring recommendations","volume":"7","author":"Lewis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E145","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21828","article-title":"Severe CMV-related pneumonia complicated by the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytic (HLH) syndrome in quiescent Crohn's colitis \u2014 harmful cure?","volume":"17","author":"Lo Presti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.01.047","article-title":"American Gastroenterological Association. American Gastroenterological Association Institute medical position statement on corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"130","author":"Lichtenstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02343.x","article-title":"Review article: monitoring of immunomodulators in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"21","author":"Aberra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Crohn's and Colitis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1873994611003217?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1873994611003217?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-pdf\/6\/5\/588\/7094250\/6-5-588.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T18:53:42Z","timestamp":1561056822000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ecco-jcc\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1873994611003217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crohns.2011.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1873-9946"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1873-9946","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}