{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:25:54Z","timestamp":1791473154029,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":212,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC2022-N4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC2022-N4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017AY8BP4004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017AY8BP4004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T20:15:55Z","timestamp":1678133755000},"page":"100153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1571-5327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Caruso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Cardaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Maugeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Caraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44492","article-title":"Carnosine attenuates the development of both type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in BTBR ob\/ob mice","volume":"7","author":"Albrecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.017","article-title":"Novel molecular approaches for improving enzymatic and nonenzymatic detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal: toward the discovery of a novel class of bioactive compounds","volume":"69","author":"Aldini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2020.1856830","article-title":"Understanding the antioxidant and carbonyl sequestering activity of carnosine: direct and indirect mechanisms","volume":"55","author":"Aldini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520240109","article-title":"Carnosine and related dipeptides as quenchers of reactive carbonyl species: from structural studies to therapeutic perspectives","volume":"24","author":"Aldini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12080761","article-title":"Thymoquinone-loaded soy-phospholipid-based phytosomes exhibit anticancer potential against human lung cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"Alhakamy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068159","article-title":"Anti-aggregating effect of the naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine on abeta1-42 fibril formation","volume":"8","author":"Aloisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327111404908","article-title":"Anti-oxidative and anti-genotoxic effects of carnosine on human lymphocyte culture","volume":"30","author":"Alpsoy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1684\/ecn.2016.0372","article-title":"Protective effects of L-carnosine on CCl4 -induced hepatic injury in rats","volume":"27","author":"Alsheblak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Cytokine Netw."},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6522","DOI":"10.1021\/bi900343n","article-title":"Protective effects of L- and D-carnosine on alpha-crystallin amyloid fibril formation: implications for cataract disease","volume":"48","author":"Attanasio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201200704","article-title":"Carnosine inhibits Abeta(42) aggregation by perturbing the H-bond network in and around the central hydrophobic cluster","volume":"14","author":"Attanasio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chembiochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2009.11.028","article-title":"Effect of carnosine against thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rat","volume":"31","author":"Aydin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2174\/1872211307666131117121058","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus: novel insights, analysis and interpretation of pathophysiology and complications management with imidazole-containing peptidomimetic antioxidants","volume":"7","author":"Babizhayev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Drug Deliv. Formulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.39","article-title":"Management of agitation and aggression associated with Alzheimer disease","volume":"5","author":"Ballard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib14","first-page":"789","article-title":"Metal complexes of carnosine","volume":"65","author":"Baran","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc.)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300572","article-title":"Dietary carnosine prevents early atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E-null mice","volume":"33","author":"Barski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-8806-z","article-title":"Carnosine and homocarnosine, the forgotten, enigmatic peptides of the brain","volume":"30","author":"Bauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-016-2208-1","article-title":"Physiological and therapeutic effects of carnosine on cardiometabolic risk and disease","volume":"48","author":"Baye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3311","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.6b00023","article-title":"Identification of a human toll-like receptor (TLR) 8-specific agonist and a functional pan-TLR inhibitor in 2-aminoimidazoles","volume":"59","author":"Beesu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Chem."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(89)81467-X","article-title":"Sequence divergence in a specific region of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) explains differences in islet amyloid formation between species","volume":"251","author":"Betsholtz","year":"1989","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmt044","article-title":"Amyloid-beta peptide (1-42) aggregation induced by copper ions under acidic conditions","volume":"45","author":"Bin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e3182439613","article-title":"Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense","volume":"5","author":"Birben","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2012","article-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of carnosine","volume":"93","author":"Boldyrev","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020271013277","article-title":"Carnosine, the protective, anti-aging peptide","volume":"19","author":"Boldyrev","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(78)90051-4","article-title":"Localization of carnosine effect on the fatigued muscle preparation","volume":"9","author":"Boldyrev","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol. Vasc. Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2017-0636","article-title":"\u03b2-Alanine supplementation's improvement of high-intensity game activities in water polo","volume":"13","author":"Brisola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30096","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.48.30096","article-title":"Comparison of lactate transport in astroglial cells and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT 1) expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes. Expression of two different monocarboxylate transporters in astroglial cells and neurons","volume":"272","author":"Broer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.068","article-title":"Supplementation with carnosine decreases plasma triglycerides and modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition in diabetic apo E(-\/-) mice","volume":"232","author":"Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1021\/j100489a002","article-title":"Chelation chemistry of carnosine. Evidence that mixed complexes may occur in vivo","volume":"83","author":"Brown","year":"1979","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(98)80101-2","article-title":"Conformational changes and disease--serpins, prions and Alzheimer's","volume":"8","author":"Carrell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"issue":"9071","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02073-4","article-title":"Conformational disease","volume":"350","author":"Carrell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00995","article-title":"The many faces of mitochondrial dysfunction in depression: from pathology to treatment","volume":"10","author":"Caruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9050477","article-title":"Carnosine protects macrophages against the toxicity of a\u03b21-42 oligomers by decreasing oxidative stress","volume":"9","author":"Caruso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2018.12.004","article-title":"Pivotal role of carnosine in the modulation of brain cells activity: multimodal mechanism of action and therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"175","author":"Caruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-016-2864-1","article-title":"Receptor-mediated toxicity of human amylin fragment aggregated by short- and long-term incubations with copper ions","volume":"425","author":"Caruso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080281","article-title":"Carnosine decreases PMA-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in murine macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Caruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190712091515","article-title":"Inflammation as the common biological link between depression and cardiovascular diseases: can carnosine exert a protective role?","volume":"27","author":"Caruso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113659","article-title":"Sub-toxic human amylin fragment concentrations promote the survival and proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells via the release of VEGF and HspB5 from endothelial RBE4 cells","volume":"19","author":"Caruso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-017-2991-3","article-title":"Carnosine modulates nitric oxide in stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"431","author":"Caruso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8010064","article-title":"Carnosine prevents abeta-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in microglial cells: a key role of TGF-beta1","volume":"8","author":"Caruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8010064","article-title":"Carnosine prevents a\u03b2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in microglial cells: a key role of TGF-\u03b21","volume":"8","author":"Caruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-017-0401-z","article-title":"Microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection for the determination of the ratio of nitric oxide to superoxide production in macrophages during inflammation","volume":"409","author":"Caruso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9030253","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of carnosine\/anserine supplementation against cognitive decline: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Caruso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040819","article-title":"Phenolic acids and prevention of cognitive decline: polyphenols with a neuroprotective role in cognitive disorders and alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Caruso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ph13120457","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of second-generation antipsychotics: focus on microglia","volume":"13","author":"Caruso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144452","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of carnosine as an antidote against drug-induced cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity: focus on Nrf2 pathway","volume":"27","author":"Caruso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666191209115431","article-title":"\u03b2-Amyloid and oxidative stress: perspectives in drug development","volume":"25","author":"Caruso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmaceut. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.108013","article-title":"Polyphenols and neuroprotection: therapeutic implications for cognitive decline","volume":"232","author":"Caruso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib48","article-title":"CVD and oxidative stress","volume":"6","author":"Cervantes Gracia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00114-9","article-title":"Neuroprotection in acute stroke: targeting excitotoxicity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Chamorro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib50","article-title":"A\u00a0plasma metabolomic profiling of exudative age-related macular degeneration showing carnosine and mitochondrial deficiencies","volume":"9","author":"Chao de la Barca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.183","article-title":"The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus\u2014present and future perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(99)00189-0","article-title":"Hydrogen peroxide-mediated Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase fragmentation: protection by carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine","volume":"1472","author":"Choi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580801911787","article-title":"L-carnosine inhibits metastasis of SK-Hep-1 cells by inhibition of matrix metaoproteinase-9 expression and induction of an antimetastatic gene, nm23-H1","volume":"60","author":"Chuang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.05.057","article-title":"The underexplored question of beta-amyloid monomers","volume":"817","author":"Copani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017971","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of carnosine on mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid pathology, and cognitive deficits in 3xTg-AD mice","volume":"6","author":"Corona","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-6960-y","article-title":"The role of neurotrophins in brain aging: a perspective in honor of Regino Perez-Polo","volume":"30","author":"Cotman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"5134","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7901908","article-title":"Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"262","author":"Coyle","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)62117-2","article-title":"Effects of trophic factors on the CNS cholinergic phenotype","volume":"109","author":"Cuello","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2016.08.014","article-title":"Beta-alanine supplementation enhances judo-related performance in highly-trained athletes","volume":"20","author":"de Andrade Kratz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Sci. Med. Sport"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7003","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8865-1","article-title":"Indirect detection of superoxide in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using microchip electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence","volume":"407","author":"de Campos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(03)00140-0","article-title":"High glucose alters matrix metalloproteinase expression in two key vascular cells: potential impact on atherosclerosis in diabetes","volume":"168","author":"Death","year":"2003","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib62","first-page":"766","article-title":"A\u00a0re-evaluation of the antioxidant activity of purified carnosine","volume":"65","author":"Decker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-130230","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease","volume":"3","author":"Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00201","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of carnosine is mediated by insulin-degrading enzyme","volume":"13","author":"Distefano","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-005-8799-7","article-title":"Carnosine protects the brain of rats and Mongolian gerbils against ischemic injury: after-stroke-effect","volume":"30","author":"Dobrota","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9346","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.095505","article-title":"Molecular identification of carnosine synthase as ATP-grasp domain-containing protein 1 (ATPGD1)","volume":"285","author":"Drozak","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-010-8875-y","article-title":"Protection against adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy by carnosine in rats: role of endogenous antioxidants","volume":"143","author":"Dursun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2022.07.006","article-title":"Carnosine as a potential therapeutic for the management of peripheral vascular disease","volume":"32","author":"Feehan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutr. Metabol. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.2174\/156720510791383787","article-title":"Modulation of amyloid beta peptide(1-42) cytotoxicity and aggregation in vitro by glucose and chondroitin sulfate","volume":"7","author":"Fern\u00e0ndez-Busquets","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-90","article-title":"Histamine modulates microglia function","volume":"9","author":"Ferreira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-006-0409-8","article-title":"Free amino acid and dipeptide changes in the body fluids from Alzheimer's disease subjects","volume":"32","author":"Fonteh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.06.010","article-title":"The hepatoprotective effect of carnosine against ischemia\/reperfusion liver injury in rats","volume":"572","author":"Fouad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0280-z","article-title":"Non-toxic engineered carbon nanodiamond concentrations induce oxidative\/nitrosative stress, imbalance of energy metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction in microglial and alveolar basal epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"Fresta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030776","article-title":"Modulation of pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities of M1 macrophages by the natural dipeptide carnosine","volume":"21","author":"Fresta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY03009B","article-title":"Monitoring carnosine uptake by RAW 264.7 macrophage cells using microchip electrophoresis with fluorescence detection","volume":"9","author":"Fresta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)02079-X","article-title":"Preventive effect of L-carnosine on ischemia\/reperfusion-induced acute renal failure in rats","volume":"474","author":"Fujii","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-018-0238-7","article-title":"\u03b2-Alanine supplementation increased physical performance and improved executive function following endurance exercise in middle aged individuals","volume":"15","author":"Furst","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Int. Soc. Sports Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1021\/cr040410w","article-title":"Copper homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's, prion, and Parkinson's diseases and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)","volume":"106","author":"Gaggelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.191.85","article-title":"Effect of carnosine on rats under experimental brain ischemia","volume":"191","author":"Gallant","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/29.3.207","article-title":"Carnosine: physiological properties and therapeutic potential","volume":"29","author":"Gariballa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.3.1.7402","article-title":"Oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease","volume":"3","author":"Gella","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Adhes. Migrat."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2592-9","article-title":"Carnosine and advanced glycation end products: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Ghodsi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.223","article-title":"Alzheimer disease therapy--moving from amyloid-beta to tau","volume":"9","author":"Giacobini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190624094813","article-title":"The disposal of reactive carbonyl species through carnosine conjugation: what we know now","volume":"27","author":"Gilardoni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00297","article-title":"Monomeric ss-amyloid interacts with type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptors to provide energy supply to neurons","volume":"9","author":"Giuffrida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.61.161","article-title":"Effects of acute beta-alanine supplementation on anaerobic performance in trained female cyclists","volume":"61","author":"Glenn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00840997","article-title":"[Mechanism of antioxidant action of carnosine]","volume":"111","author":"Gorbunov","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biull. Eksp Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2017.04.060","article-title":"Multitarget trehalose-carnosine conjugates inhibit Abeta aggregation, tune copper(II) activity and decrease acrolein toxicity","volume":"135","author":"Grasso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867054864796","article-title":"Carnosine and carnosine-related antioxidants: a review","volume":"12","author":"Guiotto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867054864796","article-title":"Carnosine and carnosine-related antioxidants: a review","volume":"12","author":"Guiotto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1002\/cber.19000330275","article-title":"Ueber das Carnosin, eine neue organische Base des Fleischextractes","volume":"33","author":"Gulewitsch","year":"1900","journal-title":"Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AN00185K","article-title":"Microchip electrophoresis with amperometric detection method for profiling cellular nitrosative stress markers","volume":"139","author":"Gunasekara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.02.013","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species promote tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy: the role of the mitochondrial ros-txnip-nlrp3 biological axis","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2016-0647","article-title":"Chelating effects of carnosine in ameliorating nickel-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"95","author":"Hasanein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2020.06.001","article-title":"Oxidative stress in cancer","volume":"38","author":"Hayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2007-11210","article-title":"Could carnosine or related structures suppress Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"11","author":"Hipkiss","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2017.0120","article-title":"Depression, diabetes and dementia: formaldehyde may Be a common causal agent; could carnosine, a pluripotent peptide, Be protective?","volume":"8","author":"Hipkiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-018-9867-5","article-title":"Glycotoxins: dietary and metabolic origins; possible amelioration of neurotoxicity by carnosine, with special reference to Parkinson's disease","volume":"34","author":"Hipkiss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0518","article-title":"COVID-19 and senotherapeutics: any role for the naturally-occurring dipeptide carnosine?","volume":"11","author":"Hipkiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)00849-5","article-title":"Non-enzymatic glycosylation of the dipeptide L-carnosine, a potential anti-protein-cross-linking agent","volume":"371","author":"Hipkiss","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09890.x","article-title":"Pluripotent protective effects of carnosine, a naturally occurring dipeptide","volume":"854","author":"Hipkiss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00873-2","article-title":"Protective effects of carnosine against malondialdehyde-induced toxicity towards cultured rat brain endothelial cells","volume":"238","author":"Hipkiss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(97)00123-2","article-title":"Protective effects of carnosine against protein modification mediated by malondialdehyde and hypochlorite","volume":"1380","author":"Hipkiss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.05.002","article-title":"Anti-crosslinking properties of carnosine: significance of histidine","volume":"75","author":"Hobart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2017.11.003","article-title":"l-Carnosine supplementation attenuated fasting glucose, triglycerides, advanced glycation end products, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Houjeghani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1021\/cn200126p","article-title":"Role of histamine and its receptors in cerebral ischemia","volume":"3","author":"Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.006111","article-title":"2-Oxo-histidine-containing dipeptides are functional oxidation products","volume":"294","author":"Ihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.04.006","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease, a multifactorial disorder seeking multitherapies","volume":"6","author":"Iqbal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2014.04.010","article-title":"Nerve growth factor metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Iulita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(01)00078-3","article-title":"Islet amyloid and type 2 diabetes: from molecular misfolding to islet pathophysiology","volume":"1537","author":"Jaikaran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.8.2320","article-title":"Carnosine as a protective factor in diabetic nephropathy: association with a leucine repeat of the carnosinase gene CNDP1","volume":"54","author":"Janssen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2016.1194230","article-title":"Protective effects of carnosine on dehydroascorbate-induced structural alteration and opacity of lens crystallins: important implications of carnosine pleiotropic functions to combat cataractogenesis","volume":"35","author":"Javadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biomol. Struct. Dyn."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2008.12.004","article-title":"Carnosine inhibits high glucose-induced mesangial cell proliferation through mediating cell cycle progression","volume":"154","author":"Jia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1021\/tx800405v","article-title":"Products of oxidative stress inhibit aldehyde oxidation and reduction pathways in dopamine catabolism yielding elevated levels of a reactive intermediate","volume":"22","author":"Jinsmaa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib115","first-page":"522","article-title":"Islet amyloid polypeptide: mechanisms of amyloidogenesis in the pancreatic islets and potential roles in diabetes mellitus","volume":"66","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.8.1066","article-title":"Insulin action, diabetogenes, and the cause of type II diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Kahn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)69651-6","article-title":"Enzymatic synthesis of carnosine and related beta-alanyl and gamma-aminobutyryl peptides","volume":"234","author":"Kalyankar","year":"1959","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111199","article-title":"Anserine\/carnosine supplementation suppresses the expression of the inflammatory chemokine CCL24 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from elderly people","volume":"9","author":"Katakura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10020147","article-title":"Zinc, carnosine, and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"10","author":"Kawahara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(96)80089-3","article-title":"Alternative conformations of amyloidogenic proteins govern their behavior","volume":"6","author":"Kelly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.02.013","article-title":"Muscle carnosine in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Keytsman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.2658","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of the carnosine-gallic acid synthetic peptide on MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pept. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.67.881","article-title":"Gene expression of cardiac mast cell chymase and tryptase in a murine model of heart failure caused by viral myocarditis","volume":"67","author":"Kitaura-Inenaga","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3852","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr324","article-title":"L-carnosine inhibits high-glucose-mediated matrix accumulation in human mesangial cells by interfering with TGF-\u03b2 production and signalling","volume":"26","author":"K\u00f6ppel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013687832424","article-title":"Peculiarities of carnosine metabolism in a patient with pronounced homocarnosinemia","volume":"132","author":"Kramarenko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-1135-4","article-title":"Carnosine protects neurons against oxidative stress and modulates the time profile of MAPK cascade signaling","volume":"43","author":"Kulebyakin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.110122","article-title":"Renoprotective effects of l-carnosine on ischemia\/reperfusion-induced renal injury in rats","volume":"319","author":"Kurata","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8040096","article-title":"Water- and fat-soluble antioxidants in human seminal plasma and serum of fertile males","volume":"8","author":"Lazzarino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey279","article-title":"Low-molecular weight compounds in human seminal plasma as potential biomarkers of male infertility","volume":"33","author":"Lazzarino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.02.010","article-title":"Histidine and carnosine delay diabetic deterioration in mice and protect human low density lipoprotein against oxidation and glycation","volume":"513","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(82)90166-8","article-title":"Human serum carnosinase: characterization, distinction from cellular carnosinase, and activation by cadmium","volume":"123","author":"Lenney","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2280653","article-title":"Characterization of human tissue carnosinase","volume":"228","author":"Lenney","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00052.2006","article-title":"PGC-1alpha: a key regulator of energy metabolism","volume":"30","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Physiol. Educ."},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17342","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506723102","article-title":"3D structure of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta(1-42) fibrils","volume":"102","author":"L\u00fchrs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib135","first-page":"2706","article-title":"Protective effect of carnosine after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion possibly through suppressing astrocyte activation","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.12.002","article-title":"Microglial ramification, surveillance, and interleukin-1beta release are regulated by the two-pore domain K(+) channel THIK-1","volume":"97","author":"Madry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ay05542b","article-title":"Monitoring intracellular nitric oxide production using microchip electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence detection","volume":"4","author":"Mainz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib138","first-page":"1378","article-title":"[The effect of carnosine on hematopoietic stem cell activity in irradiated animals]","volume":"57","author":"Mal'tseva","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biokhimiia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00376439","article-title":"Carnosine and anserine concentrations in the quadriceps femoris muscle of healthy humans","volume":"64","author":"Mannion","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00148-J","article-title":"Different amyloidogenic peptides share a similar mechanism of neurotoxicity involving reactive oxygen species and calcium","volume":"676","author":"Mattson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00093-X","article-title":"Interactive role of infection, inflammation and traditional risk factors in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease","volume":"31","author":"Mehta","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3467-6","article-title":"Protection from diabetes-induced atherosclerosis and renal disease by D-carnosine-octylester: effects of early vs late inhibition of advanced glycation end-products in Apoe-null mice","volume":"58","author":"Menini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01834.x","article-title":"D-Carnosine octylester attenuates atherosclerosis and renal disease in ApoE null mice fed a Western diet through reduction of carbonyl stress and inflammation","volume":"166","author":"Menini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-043680","article-title":"Use of carnosine in the prevention of cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese individuals: study protocol for a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Menon","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2018.02.016","article-title":"Carnosine protects pancreatic beta cells and islets against oxidative stress damage","volume":"474","author":"Miceli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0913114107","article-title":"Zinc ions promote Alzheimer Abeta aggregation via population shift of polymorphic states","volume":"107","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21744","article-title":"Differential neuroprotective effects of carnosine, anserine, and N-acetyl carnosine against permanent focal ischemia","volume":"86","author":"Min","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112532","article-title":"Recent progress in Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction inhibitors","volume":"202","author":"Mou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4018","article-title":"Three dimensions of the amyloid hypothesis: time, space and 'wingmen","volume":"18","author":"Musiek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd1959.13.1","article-title":"Physiological implications of carnosine on the inflammation with reference to its inhibitory action of allergy and the vital defense mechanism","volume":"13","author":"Nagai","year":"1971","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nihon Univ. Sch. Dent."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib151","first-page":"1876","article-title":"[Physiological role of carnosine and homocarnosine in inflammation]","volume":"20","author":"Nagai","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib152","first-page":"1222","article-title":"[Inhibitory effect of carnosine on various allergic reactions]","volume":"21","author":"Nagai","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"issue":"1-","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012256521840","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo inhibition of muscle lipid and protein oxidation by carnosine","volume":"225","author":"Nagasawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2647-y","article-title":"Biochemical characterization of the catecholaldehyde reactivity of L-carnosine and its therapeutic potential in human myocardium","volume":"51","author":"Nelson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.06.051","article-title":"Regulation of the immune response and inflammation by histamine and histamine receptors","volume":"128","author":"O'Mahony","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.07.032","article-title":"Zinc L-carnosine protects colonic mucosal injury through induction of heat shock protein 72 and suppression of NF-kappaB activation","volume":"79","author":"Odashima","year":"2006","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib157","first-page":"45","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links","volume":"11","author":"Oguntibeju","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Physiol. Pathophysiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0615-x","article-title":"Zinc carnosine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators by suppressing NF-kappab activation in raw 264.7 macrophages, independent of the MAPKs signaling pathway","volume":"172","author":"Ooi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2016.03.019","article-title":"Carnosine decreased neuronal cell death through targeting glutamate system and astrocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics in cultured neuron\/astrocyte exposed to OGD\/recovery","volume":"124","author":"Ouyang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8152","DOI":"10.1021\/bi060348s","article-title":"Evidence for rapid inter- and intramolecular chlorine transfer reactions of histamine and carnosine chloramines: implications for the prevention of hypochlorous-acid-mediated damage","volume":"45","author":"Pattison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7925","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01369-10","article-title":"Antiglycation effects of carnosine and other compounds on the long-term survival of Escherichia coli","volume":"76","author":"Pepper","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"7554","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(68)91924-7","article-title":"Serum-Carnosinase deficiency in carnosin\u00e6mia","volume":"291","author":"Perry","year":"1968","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2014.09.005","article-title":"Carnosine treatment in combination with ACE inhibition in diabetic rats","volume":"194\u2013195","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-15-S2-120","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines Il-6 and TNF-\u03b1 and the development of inflammation in obese subjects","volume":"15","author":"Popko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020212","article-title":"Antioxidants in alzheimer's disease: current therapeutic significance and future prospects","volume":"11","author":"Pritam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.899057","article-title":"Association between serum carnosinase concentration and activity and renal function impairment in a type-2 diabetes cohort","volume":"13","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.488502","article-title":"Carnosine is neuroprotective against permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice","volume":"38","author":"Rajanikant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pe12","DOI":"10.1126\/sageke.2005.18.pe12","article-title":"Carnosine: a versatile antioxidant and antiglycating agent","volume":"2005","author":"Reddy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2410","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-0128","article-title":"A\u00a0CTG polymorphism in the CNDP1 gene determines the secretion of serum carnosinase in Cos-7 transfected cells","volume":"56","author":"Riedl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1159\/000331740","article-title":"Carnosine prevents apoptosis of glomerular cells and podocyte loss in STZ diabetic rats","volume":"28","author":"Riedl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib171","first-page":"560","article-title":"Antagonist: diabetes and insulin resistance--philosophy, science, and the multiplier hypothesis","volume":"125","author":"Robertson","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Lab. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527311312050015","article-title":"Oxidative stress and pathophysiology of ischemic stroke: novel therapeutic opportunities","volume":"12","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord.: Drug Targets"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012485030527","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of regulation of the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-release channels (ryanodine receptors), muscle fatigue, and Severin's phenomenon","volume":"66","author":"Rubtsov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc.)"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2005.11.014","article-title":"Contribution of inflammatory processes to Alzheimer's disease: molecular mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Sastre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2008-13402","article-title":"Inflammatory aspects of Alzheimer disease and other neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"13","author":"Schwab","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2004.04.024","article-title":"Carnosine disaggregates glycated alpha-crystallin: an in vitro study","volume":"427","author":"Seidler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606210","article-title":"The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease at 25 years","volume":"8","author":"Selkoe","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib178","first-page":"691","article-title":"Effect of carnosine and anserine on action of isolated frog muscles","volume":"91","author":"Severin","year":"1953","journal-title":"Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib179","first-page":"691","article-title":"[Effect of carnosine and anserine on action of isolated frog muscles]","volume":"91","author":"Severin","year":"1953","journal-title":"Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/342931","article-title":"Innate immunity and neuroinflammation","volume":"2013","author":"Shastri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.12.021","article-title":"Carnosine protects against permanent cerebral ischemia in histidine decarboxylase knockout mice by reducing glutamate excitotoxicity","volume":"48","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1447","article-title":"Carnosine attenuates mast cell degranulation and histamine release induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation","volume":"26","author":"Shen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)35107-9","article-title":"Polaprezinc down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activiation and interleukin-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells","volume":"291","author":"Shimada","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Pharmacol. Exp. Therapeut."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.03.014","article-title":"Glial Nax channels control lactate signaling to neurons for brain [Na+] sensing","volume":"54","author":"Shimizu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4103\/aam.aam_56_18","article-title":"Inflammation and cancer","volume":"18","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Afr. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050848","article-title":"Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of carnosine: therapeutic implications in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"11","author":"Solana-Manrique","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-8958-4","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in alzheimer's disease: risk, mechanisms, and therapy","volume":"52","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.08.011","article-title":"In vitro validation of effects of BDNF-expressing mesenchymal stem cells on neurodegeneration in primary cultured neurons of APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"307","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050371","article-title":"Alzheimer's and prion disease as disorders of protein conformation: implications for the design of novel therapeutic approaches","volume":"77","author":"Soto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0297-x","article-title":"Modulation of PARP-1 and PARP-2 expression by L-carnosine and trehalose after LPS and INFgamma-induced oxidative stress","volume":"35","author":"Spina-Purrello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01300378","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 expression in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"37","author":"Stevens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib192","article-title":"Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a review of contemporary guidance and literature","volume":"6","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"JRSM Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib193","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Carnosine and anserine in working muscles--study using proton NMR spectroscopy","volume":"57","author":"Stvolinskii","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biokhimiia (Moscow, Russia)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib194","first-page":"1317","article-title":"[Carnosine and anserine in working muscles--study using proton NMR spectroscopy]","volume":"57","author":"Stvolinski\u012d","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biokhimiia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd1959.16.18","article-title":"Local antiinflammatory effect of L-carnosine (\u03b2alanyl 1-histidine) associated with pains of post dental extraction","volume":"16","author":"Suzuki","year":"1974","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nihon Univ. Sch. Dent."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s002040050623","article-title":"Carnosine prevents glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate-mediated inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase","volume":"73","author":"Swearengin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867326666190712140545","article-title":"Carnosine and lung disease","volume":"27","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6521","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209764200","article-title":"Sequence identification and characterization of human carnosinase and a closely related non-specific dipeptidase","volume":"278","author":"Teufel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)89100-8","article-title":"Defective protein folding as a basis of human disease","volume":"20","author":"Thomas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.06.001","article-title":"\u03b2-Alanine as a small molecule neurotransmitter","volume":"57","author":"Tiedje","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11510","DOI":"10.1021\/jf103258p","article-title":"Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory protection from carnosine in the striatum of MPTP-treated mice","volume":"58","author":"Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2021.119117","article-title":"Anti-cancer actions of carnosine and the restoration of normal cellular homeostasis","volume":"1868","author":"Turner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.66.36","article-title":"Effect of carnosine and related compounds on the inactivation of human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase by modification of fructose and glycolaldehyde","volume":"66","author":"Ukeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/385297","article-title":"Effect of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-1\u03b2) on clinical manifestations in Indian SLE patients","volume":"2014","author":"Umare","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(96)00128-3","article-title":"Inhibition of protein glycation and advanced glycation end products by ascorbic acid and other vitamins and nutrients","volume":"7","author":"Vinson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-13-108","article-title":"Effectiveness of polaprezinc for low-dose aspirin-induced small-bowel mucosal injuries as evaluated by capsule endoscopy: a pilot randomized controlled study","volume":"13","author":"Watari","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(59)90437-8","article-title":"Carnosineanserine synthetase of muscle. I. Preparation and properties of soluble enzyme from chick muscle","volume":"31","author":"Winnick","year":"1959","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/09168451.2017.1413325","article-title":"Mechanisms of carnosine-induced activation of neuronal cells","volume":"82","author":"Yamashita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00133","article-title":"Carnosine-LVFFARK-NH2 conjugate: a moderate chelator but potent inhibitor of Cu(2+)-mediated amyloid beta-protein aggregation","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4348973","article-title":"Carnosine protects mouse podocytes from high glucose induced apoptosis through PI3K\/AKT and Nrf2 pathways","volume":"2019","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1021\/jf980780j","article-title":"Ability of carnosine and other skeletal muscle components to quench unsaturated aldehydic lipid oxidation products","volume":"47","author":"Zhou","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.9.1194","article-title":"C-reactive protein-mediated low density lipoprotein uptake by macrophages: implications for atherosclerosis","volume":"103","author":"Zwaka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590257123000019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590257123000019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T06:43:12Z","timestamp":1778913792000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590257123000019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":212,"alternative-id":["S2590257123000019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-2571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-2571","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The therapeutic potential of carnosine: Focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crphar.2023.100153","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100153"}}