{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:39:31Z","timestamp":1792010371777,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":189,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011310","name":"Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011310","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007426","name":"Moredun Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007426","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T22:49:23Z","timestamp":1752619763000},"page":"100295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cryptosporidium prevalence in calves and its effect on local water quality prior to abstraction and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9393-6639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ceri","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Katzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3351-7319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M.","family":"Bartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Roden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3046-5602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah J.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387211062181","article-title":"A comparison of assays for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in the feces of scouring calves","volume":"34","author":"Atwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib2","article-title":"Family attraction confirms outbreak of sickness bug","author":"Ball","year":"2024","journal-title":"BBC News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib3","article-title":"Genetic characterisation of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy cattle and calves during the early stages of a calving season","volume":"5","author":"Bartley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Parasitol. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2023.094","article-title":"Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: A review of worldwide outbreaks \u2013 an update 2017\u20132022","volume":"21","author":"Bourli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800058726","article-title":"Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a disinfected groundwater supply","volume":"115","author":"Bridgman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.10.023","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium subtypes in cattle in England","volume":"179","author":"Brook","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib7","article-title":"Global prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections in cattle and C. parvum genotype distribution: A meta-analysis","volume":"2024\u201307","author":"Buchanan","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib8","author":"Burnett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00387-13","article-title":"Evidence for a structural role for acid-fast lipids in oocyst walls of Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, and Eimeria","volume":"4","author":"Bushkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib10","first-page":"3","article-title":"Waterborne transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia: Detection, surveillance and implications for public health","volume":"20","author":"Carmena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Technol. Edu. Topics Appl. Microbiol. Microbial Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.4415\/ANN_12_04_10","article-title":"Waterborne outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis","volume":"48","author":"Chalmers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Ist. Super Sanita"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2013.03.001","article-title":"Looking for Cryptosporidium: The application of advances in detection and diagnosis","volume":"29","author":"Chalmers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3354-6","article-title":"Analysis of the Cryptosporidium spp. and gp60 subtypes linked to human outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis in England and Wales, 2009 to 2017","volume":"12","author":"Chalmers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2023.106843","article-title":"Cryptosporidium parvum and gp60 genotype prevalence in dairy calves worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"240","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2017.100","article-title":"Associations between extreme precipitation and acute gastro-intestinal illness due to cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in an urban Canadian drinking water system (1997\u20132009)","volume":"15","author":"Chhetri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2014.15.1.1","article-title":"An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention","volume":"15","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10060647","article-title":"Comparative performance of eight PCR methods to detect Cryptosporidium species","volume":"10","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib18","article-title":"Funding for Cryptosporidium catchment watercourse fencing","author":"Cunningham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Farmers Wkly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjm.2017.03.016","article-title":"Sensitivity, specificity and comparison of three commercially available immunological tests in the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium species in animals","volume":"49","author":"Danisova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(02)01630-1","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis: Epidemiology and impact","volume":"4","author":"Dillingham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microb. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib21","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Food Safety","first-page":"18","article-title":"Protozoa: Cryptosporidium spp","author":"Dixon","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib22","series-title":"Drinking Water Inspectorate","article-title":"Drinking water quality standards in England and Wales: Advisory group recommendations","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib23","series-title":"The Microbiology of Drinking Water","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib24","series-title":"Cryptosporidium: Drinking water health advisory","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.07.009","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Cryptosporidium","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0601-9","article-title":"Laboratory utility of coproscopy, copro immunoassays and copro nPCR assay targeting Hsp90 gene for detection of Cryptosporidium in children, Cairo, Egypt","volume":"40","author":"Ghallab","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib27","series-title":"Parasitism: The Diversity and Ecology of Animal Parasites","author":"Goater","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040274","article-title":"Sporadic cryptosporidiosis decline after membrane filtration of public water supplies, England, 1996\u20132002","volume":"11","author":"Goh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.170057","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and agriculture: A review","volume":"916","author":"Golomazou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib30","article-title":"Water parasite outbreak reaches 100 confirmed cases","author":"Harris","year":"2024","journal-title":"BBC News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122456","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis: From prevention to treatment, a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Helmy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.12.016","article-title":"A One Health approach to tackle cryptosporidiosis","volume":"36","author":"Innes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.02.008","article-title":"Seasonality of cryptosporidiosis: A meta-analysis approach","volume":"109","author":"Jagai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06444-11","article-title":"Comparison of assays for sensitive and reproducible detection of cell culture-infectious Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis in drinking water","volume":"78","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.02.028","article-title":"Influence of land use and watershed characteristics on protozoa contamination in a potential drinking water resources reservoir","volume":"42","author":"Keeley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30283-3","article-title":"Morbidity, mortality, and long-term consequences associated with diarrhoea from Cryptosporidium infection in children younger than 5 years: A meta-analyses study","volume":"6","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2016.03.001","article-title":"Human-livestock contacts and their relationship to transmission of zoonotic pathogens, a systematic review of literature","volume":"2","author":"Klous","year":"2016","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2005.048","article-title":"Effects of weather and river flow on cryptosporidiosis","volume":"3","author":"Lake","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1674-8301(11)60001-8","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis - an overview","volume":"25","author":"Leitch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-019-7601-2","article-title":"Microbiological safety of popular recreation swimming sites in Central California","volume":"191","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib41","series-title":"Innovative Technologies for Food Preservation","first-page":"53","article-title":"Chapter 3 - Main groups of microorganisms of relevance for food safety and stability: General aspects and overall description","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008448","article-title":"Performance of a rapid diagnostic test for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in African children admitted to hospital with diarrhea","volume":"14","author":"Manouana","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.43-2-202","article-title":"Morphological and immunohistochemical features of Cryptosporidium andersoni in cattle","volume":"43","author":"Masuno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2011.588148","article-title":"Qualitative risk assessment of surface water contamination with Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts: A case study of three agricultural catchments","volume":"17","author":"McDonald","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Ecol. Risk Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225872","article-title":"Seasonal and annual fluctuations of deer populations estimated by a Bayesian state-space model","volume":"15","author":"Mizuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.4.995-998.1998","article-title":"Comparison of PCR and microscopy for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in human fecal specimens: Clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Morgan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00360","article-title":"Direct sequencing of Cryptosporidium in stool samples for public health","volume":"7","author":"Morris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-023-07947-8","article-title":"Fate of Cryptosporidium and Giardia through conventional and compact drinking water treatment plants","volume":"122","author":"Moussa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib50","series-title":"Drinking Water and Infectious Disease: Establishing the Links","first-page":"87","article-title":"Microbiology and the investigation of waterborne outbreaks: The use of Cryptosporidium typing in the investigation of waterborne disease","author":"Nichols","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib51","article-title":"Cryptosporidium spp. diagnosis and research in the 21st century","volume":"20","author":"O'Leary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.8.2798-2805.1996","article-title":"Studies of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in two adjacent watersheds","volume":"62","author":"Ong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib53","series-title":"The Biology of the Laboratory Rabbit","first-page":"205","article-title":"Chapter 10 - Protozoal diseases","author":"Pakes","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.2307\/1313628","article-title":"Parasites in the pipes","volume":"49","author":"Parlange","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1401.070562","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis and filtration of water from Loch Lomond, Scotland","volume":"14","author":"Pollock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0272-4332.2004.00407.x","article-title":"A quantitative risk assessment of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in France using second-order Monte Carlo simulation","volume":"24","author":"Pouillot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Risk Anal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15020132","article-title":"The evaluation of the efficacy of a novel subunit vaccine in the prevention of Cryptosporidium parvum-caused diarrhoea in neonatal calves","volume":"15","author":"Reijnders","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-013-3520-2","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from high-excreting young dairy calves in dairy cattle herds in western France","volume":"112","author":"Rieux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib59","article-title":"Application of a new multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) scheme for the seasonal investigation of Cryptosporidium parvum cases in Wales and the northwest of England, spring 2022","volume":"4","author":"Risby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Parasitol. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib60","series-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in Farmed Animals","author":"Robertson","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.05068.x","article-title":"A whole water catchment approach to investigating the origin and distribution of Cryptosporidium species","volume":"3","author":"Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2022.e00151","article-title":"Validation of a multilocus genotyping scheme for subtyping Cryptosporidium parvum for epidemiological purposes","volume":"27","author":"Robinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.11.005","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia in ruminants","volume":"36","author":"Santin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib64","article-title":"Genetic diversity and shedding profiles for Cryptosporidium parvum in adult cattle and their calves","volume":"1","author":"Shaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Parasitol. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib65","author":"Shaw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000830","article-title":"Cryptosporidium spp. in calves and cows from organic and conventional dairy herds","volume":"141","author":"Silverlas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2020-x","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems","volume":"107","author":"Silverlas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00135-4","article-title":"The occurrence of Cryptosporidium in environmental waters in the greater Dublin area","volume":"34","author":"Skerrett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.03.005","article-title":"Effect of climate change on runoff of Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium from land to surface water","volume":"95","author":"Sterk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.04.013","article-title":"Modelling Cryptosporidium oocysts transport in small ungauged agricultural catchments","volume":"45","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib71","unstructured":"The Bathing Water Regulations, 2013. The Bathing Water Regulations 2013. UK Legislation, Statutory Instruments 2013 No. 1675 Water Resources. UK Government. https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/uksi\/2013\/1675\/made."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib72","first-page":"98","article-title":"Cryptosporidium: From molecules to disease","volume":"18","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0305-x","article-title":"Genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in neonatal calves in Northern Ireland","volume":"100","author":"Thompson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0447-0","article-title":"Bovine cryptosporidiosis: Impact, host-parasite interaction and control strategies","volume":"48","author":"Thomson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1017\/pao.2016.2","article-title":"A multiplex PCR test to identify four common cattle-adapted Cryptosporidium species","volume":"2","author":"Thomson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000829","article-title":"Shedding of Cryptosporidium in calves and dams: Evidence of re-infection and shedding of different gp60 subtypes","volume":"146","author":"Thomson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175311","article-title":"Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in feces and water and the associated exposure factors on dairy farms","volume":"12","author":"Toledo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.112.6.116","article-title":"Experimental cryptosporidiosis in calves: Clinical manifestations and pathological findings","volume":"112","author":"Tzipori","year":"1983","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00338-1","article-title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection and pattern of oocyst shedding in calves in Japan","volume":"94","author":"Uga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib80","series-title":"Water supply issues in Brixham area","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib81","series-title":"Second edition of a guidance manual supporting the water treatment recommendations from the group of experts on Cryptosporidium","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.8.2789-2797.1996","article-title":"Prevalence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts and characterization of Giardia spp. isolated from drinking water in Canada","volume":"62","author":"Wallis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.06.034","article-title":"Genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in humans in Henan, China","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.7.1323-1327.1991","article-title":"Threshold of detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in human stool specimens: Evidence for low sensitivity of current diagnostic methods","volume":"29","author":"Weber","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0684-x","article-title":"Prevalence, species identification and genotyping Cryptosporidium from livestock and deer in a catchment in the Cairngorms with a history of a contaminated public water supply","volume":"8","author":"Wells","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.07.018","article-title":"Development of a sensitive method to extract and detect low numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts from adult cattle faecal samples","volume":"227","author":"Wells","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6639","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01268-10","article-title":"Comparison of single- and multilocus genetic diversity in the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and C. hominis","volume":"76","author":"Widmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.06.021","article-title":"Associations among pathogenic bacteria, parasites, and environmental and land use factors in multiple mixed-use watersheds","volume":"45","author":"Wilkes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.018","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: An update","volume":"124","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5942","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00927-06","article-title":"Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water: Effect of the number of samples and analytic replicates on test results","volume":"72","author":"Xiao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.006","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission","volume":"38","author":"Xiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2017.09.002","article-title":"Molecular epidemiologic tools for waterborne pathogens Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis","volume":"8\u20139","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01699-9","article-title":"Cryptosporidium systematics and implications for public health","volume":"16","author":"Xiao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2014.079","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of extreme weather events and other weather-related variables on Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh surface waters","volume":"13","author":"Young","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Water Health"}],"container-title":["Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667114X2500055X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2667114X2500055X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:28:10Z","timestamp":1777638490000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2667114X2500055X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":93,"alternative-id":["S2667114X2500055X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295","relation":{},"ISSN":["2667-114X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2667-114X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cryptosporidium prevalence in calves and its effect on local water quality prior to abstraction and treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crpvbd.2025.100295","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100295"}}