{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:06:18Z","timestamp":1791306378344,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MathDoc\/Centre Mersenne","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although there are many types of epilepsy of both genetic and acquired forms, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis is probably the single most common human epilepsy, and the one most intensely studied. Despite a wealth of descriptive data obtained from patient histories, imaging techniques, electroencephalographic recording, and histological studies, the epileptogenic process remains poorly understood. Progress toward understanding the etiology of an acquired neurological disorder is largely dependent on the degree to which experimental animal models reflect the human condition. Recent observations suggest that significant disparities exist between the features of human TLE with hippocampal sclerosis and those of animal models that involve prolonged\n                    <jats:italic>status epilepticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    to initiate the epileptogenic process. TLE most commonly involves patients with focal seizures who exhibit limited and often asymmetrical brain damage, did not experience\n                    <jats:italic>status epilepticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    prior to the onset of epilepsy, and who appear relatively normal on neurological examination. Conversely, animals subjected to prolonged\n                    <jats:italic>status epilepticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibit severe brain damage, behavioral abnormalities, and frequent generalized seizures. In addition, although many TLE patients exhibit an atrophic hippocampus that may, or may not, be a source of spontaneous seizures, hippocampal damage in animals subjected to\n                    <jats:italic>status epilepticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an inconsistent and often minor part of a much greater constellation of damage to other brain structures. Furthermore, many patients exhibit developmental structural abnormalities that presumably play a role in the clinical etiology, whereas most animal models involve severe insults in initially normal laboratory rats. Although much has been learned using the current animal models, the available data suggest the need for a critical reappraisal of the assumptions underlying their use, and the need to develop experimental preparations that may more closely model the human epileptic state.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2004.10.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,21]],"date-time":"2004-12-21T20:37:00Z","timestamp":1103661420000},"page":"143-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["The neurobiology of temporal lobe epilepsy: too much information, not enough knowledge"],"prefix":"10.5802","volume":"328","author":[{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Sloviter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3842","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2025102316262607889_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/107385840100700410","article-title":"Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: what have we learned?","volume":"7","author":"Engel, J. Jr.","year":"2001","unstructured":"[1] Engel, J. Jr. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: what have we learned?, Neuroscientist, Volume 7 (2001), pp. 340-352","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098966","article-title":"Parkinson's \u2013 divergent causes, convergent mechanisms","volume":"304","author":"Greenamyre, J.T.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[2] Greenamyre, J.T.; Hastings, T.G. Parkinson's \u2013 divergent causes, convergent mechanisms, Science, Volume 304 (2004), pp. 1120-1122","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6738","key":"key2025102316262607889_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A15","DOI":"10.1038\/399a015","article-title":"Emerging insights into the genesis of epilepsy","volume":"399","author":"McNamara, J.O.","year":"1999","unstructured":"[3] McNamara, J.O. Emerging insights into the genesis of epilepsy, Nature (Suppl.), Volume 399 (1999) no. 6738, p. A15-A22","journal-title":"Nature (Suppl.)"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.5.1256","article-title":"Is the underlying cause of epilepsy a major prognostic factor for recurrence?","volume":"51","author":"Semah, F.","year":"1998","unstructured":"[4] Semah, F.; Picot, M.C.; Adam, C.; Broglin, D.; Arzimanoglou, A.; Bazin, B.; Cavalcanti, D.; Baulac, M. Is the underlying cause of epilepsy a major prognostic factor for recurrence?, Neurology, Volume 51 (1998), pp. 1256-1262","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_5","first-page":"1246","author":"Meldrum, B.S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"[5] Meldrum, B.S.; Bruton, C.J. Epilepsy (Adams, J.H.; Duchen, L.W., eds.), Greenfield's Neuropathology, Oxford University Press, New York, 1992, pp. 1246-1283","journal-title":"Epilepsy"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.05-04-01016.1985","article-title":"Evidence of functional mossy fiber sprouting in hippocampal formation of kainic acid treated rats","volume":"5","author":"Tauck, D.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"[6] Tauck, D.L.; Nadler, J.V. Evidence of functional mossy fiber sprouting in hippocampal formation of kainic acid treated rats, J. Neurosci., Volume 5 (1985), pp. 1016-1022","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026004904199","article-title":"The recurrent mossy fiber pathway of the epileptic brain","volume":"28","author":"Nadler, J.V.","year":"2003","unstructured":"[7] Nadler, J.V. The recurrent mossy fiber pathway of the epileptic brain, Neurochem. Res., Volume 28 (2003), pp. 1649-1658","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076510","article-title":"On the origin of interictal activity in human temporal lobe epilepsy in vitro","volume":"298","author":"Cohen, I.","year":"2002","unstructured":"[8] Cohen, I.; Navarro, V.; Clemenceau, S.; Baulac, M.; Miles, R. On the origin of interictal activity in human temporal lobe epilepsy in vitro, Science, Volume 298 (2002), pp. 1418-1421","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4438","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-14-04438.1996","article-title":"Electrographic seizures and new recurrent excitatory circuits in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal slices from kainate-treated epileptic rats","volume":"16","author":"Wuarin, J.P.","year":"1996","unstructured":"[9] Wuarin, J.P.; Dudek, F.E. Electrographic seizures and new recurrent excitatory circuits in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal slices from kainate-treated epileptic rats, J. Neurosci., Volume 16 (1996), pp. 4438-4448","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.85.3.1067","article-title":"Excitatory synaptic input to granule cells increases with time after kainate treatment","volume":"85","author":"Wuarin, J.P.","year":"2001","unstructured":"[10] Wuarin, J.P.; Dudek, F.E. Excitatory synaptic input to granule cells increases with time after kainate treatment, J. Neurophysiol., Volume 85 (2001), pp. 1067-1077","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2025102316262607889_11","first-page":"S21","article-title":"Epilepsy after brain insult: targeting epileptogenesis","volume":"59","author":"Herman, S.T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"[11] Herman, S.T. Epilepsy after brain insult: targeting epileptogenesis, Neurology (Suppl.), Volume 59 (2002) no. 5, p. S21-S26","journal-title":"Neurology (Suppl.)"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(92)90306-R","article-title":"Possible functional consequences of synaptic reorganization in the dentate gyrus of kainate-treated rats","volume":"137","author":"Sloviter, R.S.","year":"1992","unstructured":"[12] Sloviter, R.S. Possible functional consequences of synaptic reorganization in the dentate gyrus of kainate-treated rats, Neurosci. Lett., Volume 137 (1992), pp. 91-96","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100038464","article-title":"Excitation and inhibition in epilepsy","volume":"23","author":"Engel, J. Jr.","year":"1996","unstructured":"[13] Engel, J. Jr. Excitation and inhibition in epilepsy, Can. J. Neurol. Sci., Volume 23 (1996), pp. 167-174","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5247.369","article-title":"Zinc-induced collapse of augmented inhibition by GABA in a temporal lobe epilepsy model","volume":"271","author":"Buhl, E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"[14] Buhl, E.; Otis, T.; Mody, I. Zinc-induced collapse of augmented inhibition by GABA in a temporal lobe epilepsy model, Science, Volume 271 (1996), pp. 369-373","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025102316262607889_15","first-page":"S96","article-title":"Mossy fiber zinc and temporal lobe epilepsy: pathological association with altered \u2018epileptic\u2019 gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors in dentate granule cells","volume":"41","author":"Coulter, D.A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"[15] Coulter, D.A. Mossy fiber zinc and temporal lobe epilepsy: pathological association with altered \u2018epileptic\u2019 gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors in dentate granule cells, Epilepsia (Suppl.), Volume 41 (2000) no. 6, p. S96","journal-title":"Epilepsia (Suppl.)"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/89.3.499","article-title":"Epilepsy and the temporal lobes: a clinical encephalographic and neuropathological study of the brain in epilepsy, with particular reference to the temporal lobes","volume":"89","author":"Margerison, J.H.","year":"1966","unstructured":"[16] Margerison, J.H.; Corsellis, J.A.N. Epilepsy and the temporal lobes: a clinical encephalographic and neuropathological study of the brain in epilepsy, with particular reference to the temporal lobes, Brain, Volume 89 (1966), pp. 499-530","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.31101.x","article-title":"Preeminence of extrahippocampal structures in the generation of mesial temporal seizures: evidence from human depth electrode recordings","volume":"43","author":"Wennberg, R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"[17] Wennberg, R.; Arruda, F.; Quesney, L.F.; Olivier, A. Preeminence of extrahippocampal structures in the generation of mesial temporal seizures: evidence from human depth electrode recordings, Epilepsia, Volume 43 (2002), pp. 716-726","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06735.x","article-title":"Neurons in layer III of the entorhinal cortex. A role in epileptogenesis and epilepsy?","volume":"911","author":"Schwarcz, R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"[18] Schwarcz, R.; Eid, T.; Du, F. Neurons in layer III of the entorhinal cortex. A role in epileptogenesis and epilepsy?, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., Volume 911 (2000), pp. 328-342","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.042008967.x","article-title":"The midline thalamus: alterations and a potential role in limbic epilepsy","volume":"42","author":"Bertram, E.H.","year":"2001","unstructured":"[19] Bertram, E.H.; Mangan, P.S.; Zhang, D.; Scott, C.A.; Williamson, J.M. The midline thalamus: alterations and a potential role in limbic epilepsy, Epilepsia, Volume 42 (2001), pp. 967-978","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_20","first-page":"617","article-title":"Developmental abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"16","author":"Lehericy, S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"[20] Lehericy, S.; Dormont, D.; Semah, F.; Clemenceau, S.; Granat, O.; Marsault, C.; Baulac, M. Developmental abnormalities of the medial temporal lobe in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, Am. J. Neuroradiol., Volume 16 (1995), pp. 617-626","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(80)90181-5","article-title":"Widespread patterns of neuronal damage following systemic or intracerebral injections of kainic acid: a histological study","volume":"5","author":"Schwob, J.E.","year":"1980","unstructured":"[21] Schwob, J.E.; Fuller, T.; Price, J.L.; Olney, J.W. Widespread patterns of neuronal damage following systemic or intracerebral injections of kainic acid: a histological study, Neuroscience, Volume 5 (1980), pp. 991-1014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_22","author":"Bruton, C.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"[22] Bruton, C.J. The Neuropathology of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Oxford University Press, 1988","journal-title":"The Neuropathology of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy"},{"issue":"6","key":"key2025102316262607889_23","first-page":"S174","article-title":"Loss of hilar mossy cells in Ammon's horn sclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Bl\u00fcmcke, I.","year":"2000","unstructured":"[23] Bl\u00fcmcke, I.; Suter, B.; Behle, K.; Kuhn, R.; Schramm, J.; Elger, C.E.; Wiestler, O.D. Loss of hilar mossy cells in Ammon's horn sclerosis, Epilepsia (Suppl.), Volume 41 (2000) no. 6, p. S174-S180","journal-title":"Epilepsia (Suppl.)"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2004.04.001","article-title":"\u2018Tectonic\u2019 hippocampal malformations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"59","author":"Sloviter, R.S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[24] Sloviter, R.S.; Kudrimoti, H.S.; Laxer, K.D.; Barbaro, N.M.; Chan, S.; Hirsch, L.J.; Goodman, R.R.; Pedley, T.A. \u2018Tectonic\u2019 hippocampal malformations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, Epilepsy Res., Volume 59 (2004), pp. 123-153","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10630","article-title":"\u2018Dormant basket cell\u2019 hypothesis revisited; relative vulnerabilities of dentate gyrus mossy cells and inhibitory interneurons after hippocampal status epilepticus in the rat","volume":"459","author":"Sloviter, R.S.","year":"2003","unstructured":"[25] Sloviter, R.S.; Zappone, C.A.; Harvey, B.D.; Bumanglag, A.V.; Bender, R.A.; Frotscher, M. \u2018Dormant basket cell\u2019 hypothesis revisited; relative vulnerabilities of dentate gyrus mossy cells and inhibitory interneurons after hippocampal status epilepticus in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol., Volume 459 (2003), pp. 44-76","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1619-03.2004","article-title":"Translamellar disinhibition in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus after seizure-induced degeneration of vulnerable hilar neurons","volume":"24","author":"Zappone, C.A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[26] Zappone, C.A.; Sloviter, R.S. Translamellar disinhibition in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus after seizure-induced degeneration of vulnerable hilar neurons, J. Neurosci., Volume 24 (2004), pp. 853-864","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970901)385:3<385::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-#","article-title":"Neuron loss, granule cell axon reorganization, and functional changes in the dentate gyrus of epileptic kainate-treated rats","volume":"385","author":"Buckmaster, P.S.","year":"1997","unstructured":"[27] Buckmaster, P.S.; Dudek, F.E. Neuron loss, granule cell axon reorganization, and functional changes in the dentate gyrus of epileptic kainate-treated rats, J. Comp. Neurol., Volume 385 (1997), pp. 385-404","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10053","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-22-10053.1999","article-title":"Assessment of inhibition and epileptiform activity in the septal dentate gyrus of freely behaving rats during the first week after kainate treatment","volume":"19","author":"Hellier, J.L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"[28] Hellier, J.L.; Patrylo, P.R.; Dou, P.; Nett, M.; Rose, G.M.; Dudek, F.E. Assessment of inhibition and epileptiform activity in the septal dentate gyrus of freely behaving rats during the first week after kainate treatment, J. Neurosci., Volume 19 (1999), pp. 10053-10064","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.450010106","article-title":"Permanently altered hippocampal structure, excitability, and inhibition after experimental status epilepticus in the rat: the dormant basket cell hypothesis and its possible relevance to temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"1","author":"Sloviter, R.S.","year":"1991","unstructured":"[29] Sloviter, R.S. Permanently altered hippocampal structure, excitability, and inhibition after experimental status epilepticus in the rat: the dormant basket cell hypothesis and its possible relevance to temporal lobe epilepsy, Hippocampus, Volume 1 (1991), pp. 41-66","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12151","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.22.12151","article-title":"Operative GABAergic inhibition in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in experimental epilepsy","volume":"94","author":"Esclapez, M.","year":"1997","unstructured":"[30] Esclapez, M.; Hirsch, J.C.; Khazipov, R.; Ben-Ari, Y.; Bernard, C. Operative GABAergic inhibition in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in experimental epilepsy, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, Volume 94 (1997), pp. 12151-12156","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2004.03.009","article-title":"Kindling and status epilepticus models of epilepsy: rewiring the brain","volume":"73","author":"Morimoto, K.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[31] Morimoto, K.; Fahnestock, M.; Racine, R.J. Kindling and status epilepticus models of epilepsy: rewiring the brain, Prog. Neurobiol., Volume 73 (2004), pp. 1-60","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"key2025102316262607889_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01322.x","article-title":"Evidence of enhanced kindling and hippocampal neuronal injury in immature rats with neuronal migration disorders","volume":"39","author":"Germano, I.M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"[32] Germano, I.M.; Sperber, E.F.; Ahuja, S.; Moshe, S.L. Evidence of enhanced kindling and hippocampal neuronal injury in immature rats with neuronal migration disorders, Epilepsia, Volume 39 (1998), pp. 1253-1260","journal-title":"Epilepsia"}],"container-title":["Comptes Rendus. Biologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr\/biologies\/item\/10.1016\/j.crvi.2004.10.010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T14:30:08Z","timestamp":1761229808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr\/biologies\/articles\/10.1016\/j.crvi.2004.10.010\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.crvi.2004.10.010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crvi.2004.10.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1631-0691","1768-3238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1631-0691","type":"print"},{"value":"1768-3238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,19]]}}}