{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:39:03Z","timestamp":1791239943235,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MathDoc\/Centre Mersenne","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>In our global world, the increasing complexity of social relations and transport infrastructures are key factors in the spread of epidemics. In recent years, the increasing availability of computer power has enabled both to obtain reliable data allowing one to quantify the complexity of the networks on which epidemics may propagate and to envision computational tools able to tackle the analysis of such propagation phenomena. These advances have put in evidence the limits of homogeneous assumptions and simple spatial diffusion approaches, and stimulated the inclusion of complex features and heterogeneities relevant in the description of epidemic diffusion. In this paper, we review recent progresses that integrate complex systems and networks analysis with epidemic modelling and focus on the impact of the various complex features of real systems on the dynamics of epidemic spreading.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.02.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,7]],"date-time":"2007-04-07T07:17:16Z","timestamp":1175930236000},"page":"364-374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Epidemic modeling in complex realities"],"prefix":"10.5802","volume":"330","author":[{"given":"Vittoria","family":"Colizza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Barth\u00e9lemy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Barrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Vespignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3842","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2025102316291903616_1","author":"Anderson, R.M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"[1] Anderson, R.M.; May, R.M. Infectious Diseases in Humans, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 1992","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases in Humans"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-5809(78)90011-4","article-title":"An immunization model for a heterogeneous population","volume":"14","author":"Hethcote, H.W.","year":"1978","unstructured":"[2] Hethcote, H.W. An immunization model for a heterogeneous population, Theor. Popul. Biol., Volume 14 (1978), pp. 338-349","journal-title":"Theor. Popul. Biol."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/imammb\/1.3.233","article-title":"Spatial, temporal and genetic heterogeneity in host populations and the design of immunization programs","volume":"1","author":"Anderson, R.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"[3] Anderson, R.M.; May, R.M. Spatial, temporal and genetic heterogeneity in host populations and the design of immunization programs, IMA J. Math. Appl. Med. Biol., Volume 1 (1984), pp. 233-266","journal-title":"IMA J. Math. Appl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(84)90063-4","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity and the design of immunization programs","volume":"72","author":"May, R.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"[4] May, R.M.; Anderson, R.M. Spatial heterogeneity and the design of immunization programs, Math. Biosci., Volume 72 (1984), pp. 83-111","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1993.0011","article-title":"Chaos and biological complexity in measles dynamics","volume":"251","author":"Bolker, B.M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"[5] Bolker, B.M.; Grenfell, B.T. Chaos and biological complexity in measles dynamics, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, Volume 251 (1993), pp. 75-81","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1995.0070","article-title":"Space persistence and dynamics of measles epidemics","volume":"348","author":"Bolker, B.M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"[6] Bolker, B.M.; Grenfell, B.T. Space persistence and dynamics of measles epidemics, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, Volume 348 (1995), pp. 309-320","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1996.0042","article-title":"Spatial heterogeneity in epidemic models","volume":"179","author":"Lloyd, A.L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"[7] Lloyd, A.L.; May, R.M. Spatial heterogeneity in epidemic models, J. Theor. Biol., Volume 179 (1996), pp. 1-11","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.1998.00016.x","article-title":"Cities and villages: infection hierarchies in a measles meta-population","volume":"1","author":"Grenfell, B.T.","year":"1998","unstructured":"[8] Grenfell, B.T.; Bolker, B.M. Cities and villages: infection hierarchies in a measles meta-population, Ecol. Lett., Volume 1 (1998), pp. 63-70","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1461-0248.2002.00268.x","article-title":"Estimating spatial coupling in epidemiological systems: a mechanistic approach","volume":"5","author":"Keeling, M.J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"[9] Keeling, M.J.; Rohani, P. Estimating spatial coupling in epidemiological systems: a mechanistic approach, Ecol. Lett., Volume 5 (1995), pp. 20-29","journal-title":"Ecol. Lett."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02007","article-title":"Planning for smallpox outbreaks","volume":"425","author":"Ferguson, N.M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"[10] Ferguson, N.M.; Keeling, M.J.; Edmunds, W.J.; Gani, R.; Grenfell, B.T.; Anderson, R.M.; Leach, S. Planning for smallpox outbreaks, Nature, Volume 425 (2003), pp. 681-685","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(85)90064-1","volume":"75","author":"Rvachev, L.A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"[11] Rvachev, L.A.; Longini, I.M. Math. Biosci., 75 (1985), pp. 3-22","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065973","article-title":"Dynamics of the 2001 UK Foot and Mouth Epidemic: Stochastic Dispersal in a Heterogeneous Landscape","volume":"294","author":"Keeling, M.J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"[12] Keeling, M.J.; Woolhouse, M.E.J.; Shaw, D.J.; Matthews, L.; Chase-Topping, M.; Haydon, D.T.; Cornell, S.J.; Kappey, J.; Wilesmith, J.; Grenfell, B.T. Dynamics of the 2001 UK Foot and Mouth Epidemic: Stochastic Dispersal in a Heterogeneous Landscape, Science, Volume 294 (2001), pp. 813-817","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15124","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308344101","article-title":"Forecast and control of epidemics in a globalized world","volume":"101","author":"Hufnagel, L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[13] Hufnagel, L.; Brockmann, D.; Geisel, T. Forecast and control of epidemics in a globalized world, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, Volume 101 (2004), pp. 15124-15129","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115717","article-title":"Containing pandemic infleunza at the source","volume":"309","author":"Longini, I.M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"[14] Longini, I.M.; Nizam, A.; Xu, S.; Ungchusak, K.; Hanshaoworakul, W.; Cummings, D.A.T.; Halloran, M.E. Containing pandemic infleunza at the source, Science, Volume 309 (2005), p. 1083","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04017","article-title":"Strategies for containing an emerging influenza pandemic in Southeast Asia","volume":"437","author":"Ferguson, N.M.","year":"2005","unstructured":"[15] Ferguson, N.M.; Cummings, D.A.T.; Cauchemez, S.; Fraser, C.; Riley, S.; Meeyai, A.; Iamsirithaworn, S.; Burke, D.S. Strategies for containing an emerging influenza pandemic in Southeast Asia, Nature, Volume 437 (2005), p. 209","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510525103","article-title":"The role of the airline transportation network in the prediction and predictability of global epidemics","volume":"103","author":"Colizza, V.","year":"2006","unstructured":"[16] Colizza, V.; Barrat, A.; Barth\u00e9lemy, M.; Vespignani, A. The role of the airline transportation network in the prediction and predictability of global epidemics, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, Volume 103 (2006), pp. 2015-2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"8","key":"key2025102316291903616_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-006-9077-9","article-title":"The modeling of global epidemics: Stochastic dynamics and predictability","volume":"68","author":"Colizza, V.","year":"2006","unstructured":"[17] Colizza, V.; Barrat, A.; Barth\u00e9lemy, M.; Vespignani, A. The modeling of global epidemics: Stochastic dynamics and predictability, Bull. Math. Biol., Volume 68 (2006) no. 8, pp. 1893-1921","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"066102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.68.066102","article-title":"Scaling laws for the movement of people between locations in a large city","volume":"68","author":"Chowell, G.","year":"2003","unstructured":"[18] Chowell, G.; Hyman, J.M.; Eubank, S.; Castillo-Chavez, C. Scaling laws for the movement of people between locations in a large city, Phys. Rev. E, Volume 68 (2003), p. 066102","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02541","article-title":"Modelling disease outbreaks in realistic urban social networks","volume":"429","author":"Eubank, S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[19] Eubank, S.; Guclu, H.; Kumar, V.S.A.; Marathe, M.V.; Srinivasan, A.; Toroczkai, Z.; Wang, N. Modelling disease outbreaks in realistic urban social networks, Nature, Volume 429 (2004), pp. 180-184","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_20","author":"May, R.M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"[20] May, R.M. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA, 1972","journal-title":"Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.3046","article-title":"Models of foot-and-mouth disease","volume":"272","author":"Keeling, M.J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"[21] Keeling, M.J. Models of foot-and-mouth disease, Proc. R. Soc. B, Volume 272 (2005), pp. 1195-1202","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-08542-4","author":"Murray, J.D.","year":"1993","unstructured":"[22] Murray, J.D. Mathematical Biology, Springer, New York, 1993","journal-title":"Mathematical Biology"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_23","author":"Snow, J.","year":"1855","unstructured":"[23] Snow, J. On the Mode of Communicating of Cholera, John Churchill, New Burlington Street, London, 1855","journal-title":"On the Mode of Communicating of Cholera"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_24","author":"Massey, A.","year":"1933","unstructured":"[24] Massey, A. Epidemiology in Relation to Air Travel, H.K. Lewis and Co., London, 1933","journal-title":"Epidemiology in Relation to Air Travel"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_25","first-page":"147","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: dealing with a newly emerging disease","volume":"5","author":"Morens, D.M.","year":"1998","unstructured":"[25] Morens, D.M. Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: dealing with a newly emerging disease, Pac. Health Dialog, Volume 5 (1998), pp. 147-153","journal-title":"Pac. Health Dialog"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032498","article-title":"The severe acute respiratory syndrome","volume":"349","author":"Peiris, J.S.M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"[26] Peiris, J.S.M.; Yuen, K.Y.; Stohr, K. The severe acute respiratory syndrome, N. Engl. J. Med., Volume 349 (2003), pp. 2431-2441","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400087101","article-title":"The architecture of complex weighted networks","volume":"101","author":"Barrat, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[27] Barrat, A.; Barth\u00e9lemy, M.; Pastor-Satorras, R.; Vespignani, A. The architecture of complex weighted networks, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, Volume 101 (2004), pp. 3747-3752","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7794","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407994102","article-title":"The worldwide air transportation network: anomalous centrality, community structure, and cities' global roles","volume":"102","author":"Guimera, R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"[28] Guimera, R.; Mossa, S.; Turtschi, A.; Amaral, L.A.N. The worldwide air transportation network: anomalous centrality, community structure, and cities' global roles, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, Volume 102 (2005), pp. 7794-7799","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/35082140","article-title":"The web of human sexual contacts","volume":"411","author":"Liljeros, F.","year":"2001","unstructured":"[29] Liljeros, F.; Edling, C.R.; Amaral, L.A.N.; Stanley, H.E.; Aberg, Y. The web of human sexual contacts, Nature, Volume 411 (2001), p. 907","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200406000-00012","article-title":"Scale-free networks and sexually transmitted diseases: A description of observed patterns of sexual contacts in Britain and Zimbabwe","volume":"31","author":"Schneeberger, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[30] Schneeberger, A.; Mercer, C.H.; Gregson, S.A.; Ferguson, N.M.; Nyamukapa, C.A.; Anderson, R.M.; Johnson, A.M.; Garnett, G.P. Scale-free networks and sexually transmitted diseases: A description of observed patterns of sexual contacts in Britain and Zimbabwe, Sex. Transm. Dis., Volume 31 (2004), pp. 380-387","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.74.47","article-title":"Statistical mechanics of complex networks","volume":"74","author":"Albert, R.","year":"2000","unstructured":"[31] Albert, R.; Barabasi, A.-L. Statistical mechanics of complex networks, Rev. Mod. Phys., Volume 74 (2000), pp. 47-97","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198515906.001.0001","author":"Dorogovtsev, S.N.","year":"2003","unstructured":"[32] Dorogovtsev, S.N.; Mendes, J.F.F. Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and www, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2003","journal-title":"Evolution of Networks: From Biological Nets to the Internet and www"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_33","author":"Pastor-Satorras, R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"[33] Pastor-Satorras, R.; Vespignani, A. Evolution and Structure of the Internet: A Statistical Physics Approach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2003","journal-title":"Evolution and Structure of the Internet: A Statistical Physics Approach"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-07544-9","volume":"vol. 56","author":"Hethcote, H.W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"[34] Hethcote, H.W.; Yorke, J.A. Gonorrhea Transmission Dynamics and Control, Lect. Notes Biomath., vol. 56, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984","journal-title":"Gonorrhea Transmission Dynamics and Control"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11149","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200327197","article-title":"Classes of small-world networks","volume":"97","author":"Amaral, L.A.N.","year":"2005","unstructured":"[35] Amaral, L.A.N.; Scala, A.; Barth\u00e9lemy, M.; Stanley, H.E. Classes of small-world networks, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, Volume 97 (2005), p. 11149","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/438293a","article-title":"Epidemiology \u2013 dimensions of superspreading","volume":"438","author":"Galvani, A.P.","year":"2005","unstructured":"[36] Galvani, A.P.; May, R.M. Epidemiology \u2013 dimensions of superspreading, Nature, Volume 438 (2005), pp. 293-295","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04153","article-title":"Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence","volume":"438","author":"Lloyd-Smith, J.O.","year":"2005","unstructured":"[37] Lloyd-Smith, J.O.; Schreiber, S.J.; Kopp, P.E.; Getz, W.M. Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence, Nature, Volume 438 (2005), pp. 355-359","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_38","unstructured":"[38] A. De Montis, M. Barth\u00e9lemy, A. Chessa, A. Vespignani, The structure of Inter-Urban traffic: a weighted network analysis, Env. Plann. J. B, in press"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.86.3200","article-title":"Epidemic spreading in scale-free networks","volume":"86","author":"Pastor-Satorras, R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"[39] Pastor-Satorras, R.; Vespignani, A. Epidemic spreading in scale-free networks, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 86 (2001), pp. 3200-3203","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061076","article-title":"How viruses spread among computers and people","volume":"292","author":"Lloyd, S.L.","year":"2001","unstructured":"[40] Lloyd, S.L.; May, R.M. How viruses spread among computers and people, Science, Volume 292 (2001), pp. 1316-1317","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036104","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.65.036104","article-title":"Immunization of complex networks","volume":"65","author":"Pastor-Satorras, R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"[41] Pastor-Satorras, R.; Vespignani, A. Immunization of complex networks, Phys. Rev. E, Volume 65 (2002), p. 036104","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247901","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.91.247901","article-title":"Efficient immunization strategies for computer networks and populations","volume":"91","author":"Cohen, R.","year":"2003","unstructured":"[42] Cohen, R.; Havlin, S.; Ben-Avraham, D. Efficient immunization strategies for computer networks and populations, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 91 (2003), p. 247901","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178701","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.92.178701","article-title":"Velocity and hierarchical spread of epidemic outbreaks in scale-free networks","volume":"92","author":"Barth\u00e9lemy, M.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[43] Barth\u00e9lemy, M.; Barrat, A.; Pastor-Satorras, R.; Vespignani, A. Velocity and hierarchical spread of epidemic outbreaks in scale-free networks, Phys. Rev. Lett., Volume 92 (2004), p. 178701","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(88)90075-2","article-title":"A mathematical model for predicting the geographic spread of new infectious agents","volume":"90","author":"Longini, I.M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"[44] Longini, I.M. A mathematical model for predicting the geographic spread of new infectious agents, Math. Biosci., Volume 90 (1988), pp. 367-383","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026140019146","article-title":"Assessing the impact of airline travel on the geographic spread of pandemic influenza","volume":"18","author":"Grais, R.F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"[45] Grais, R.F.; Ellis, J.H.; Glass, G.E. Assessing the impact of airline travel on the geographic spread of pandemic influenza, Eur. J. Epidemiol., Volume 18 (1988), pp. 1065-1072","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1023\/B:HCMS.0000020652.38181.da","article-title":"Modeling the spread of annual influenza epidemics in the US: The potential role of air travel","volume":"7","author":"Grais, R.F.","year":"2004","unstructured":"[46] Grais, R.F.; Ellis, J.H.; Kress, A.; Glass, G.E. Modeling the spread of annual influenza epidemics in the US: The potential role of air travel, Health Care Manage. Sci., Volume 7 (2004), pp. 127-134","journal-title":"Health Care Manage. Sci."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_47","first-page":"1","article-title":"A method for assessing the global spread of HIV-1 infection based on air-travel","volume":"3","author":"Flahault, A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"[47] Flahault, A.; Valleron, A.-J. A method for assessing the global spread of HIV-1 infection based on air-travel, Math. Popul. Stud., Volume 3 (1991), pp. 1-11","journal-title":"Math. Popul. Stud."},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_48","unstructured":"[48]  http:\/\/www.iata.org (International Air Transport Association)"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_49","unstructured":"[49] V. Colizza, A. Barrat, M. Barth\u00e9lemy, A. Vespignani, in preparation"},{"key":"key2025102316291903616_50","author":"Diekmann, O.","year":"2000","unstructured":"[50] Diekmann, O.; Heesterbeek, J. Mathematical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Model Building, Analysis and Interpretation, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2000","journal-title":"Mathematical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Model Building, Analysis and Interpretation"}],"container-title":["Comptes Rendus. Biologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr\/biologies\/item\/10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.02.014.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T14:34:52Z","timestamp":1761230092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr\/biologies\/articles\/10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.02.014\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.02.014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.02.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1631-0691","1768-3238"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1631-0691","type":"print"},{"value":"1768-3238","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]}}}