{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T09:50:20Z","timestamp":1791798620984,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004972","name":"Arak University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cryobiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T10:35:52Z","timestamp":1759142152000},"page":"105329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Papaverine enhances sperm quality in asthenospermia by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation while regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes during cryopreservation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Azizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malek","family":"Soleimani Mehranjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Shariatzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazila","family":"Najdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atena Sadat","family":"Azimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29091927","article-title":"Unraveling the nephroprotective potential of papaverine against cisplatin toxicity through mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation: insights from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations","volume":"29","author":"Abass","year":"2024","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.108.5.2017","article-title":"Redox regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in human spermatozoa and its role in the control of human sperm function","volume":"108","author":"Aitken","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2024.100177","article-title":"Papaverine attenuates the progression of alpha naphthylisothiocyanate induce cholestasis in rats","volume":"6","author":"Atshan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Pharmacol. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2786","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2021.1991755","article-title":"Evaluating the therapeutic effect and toxicity of theophylline in infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial study","volume":"45","author":"Azimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14528","article-title":"Effect of myo\u2010inositol on sperm quality and biochemical factors in cryopreserved semen of patients with asthenospermia","volume":"54","author":"Azizi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1155048","article-title":"Improvement of post-thaw quality and fertilizing ability of bull spermatozoa using rho kinase inhibitor in freezing extender","volume":"10","author":"Behnam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-021-00368-4","article-title":"Papaverine, a phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor, ameliorates quinolinic acid-induced synaptotoxicity in human cortical neurons","volume":"39","author":"Bhat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14167","article-title":"The effect of quercetin on the quality of sperm parameters in frozen\u2010thawed semen of patients with asthenospermia","volume":"53","author":"Cheraghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/01485010390219656","article-title":"Asthenozoospermia: analysis of a large population","volume":"49","author":"Curi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-022-02931-0","article-title":"The therapeutic effect of co-administration of pentoxifylline and zinc in men with idiopathic infertility","volume":"192","author":"Dadgar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ir. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S97380","article-title":"Papaverine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation by suppressing nf-\u03bab signaling pathway","author":"Dang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current insights and latest updates in sperm motility and associated applications in assisted reproduction","author":"Dcunha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12762","article-title":"Oxidative stress status and sperm DNA fragmentation in fertile and infertile men","volume":"49","author":"Dorostghoal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.089","article-title":"Simple determination of human sperm DNA fragmentation with an improved sperm chromatin dispersion test","volume":"84","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221976","article-title":"Mohsen sharafi, electromagnetic field in human sperm cryopreservation improves fertilizing potential of thawed sperm through physicochemical modification of water molecules in freezing medium","volume":"14","author":"Gholami","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030337","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress caused by cryopreservation in reproductive cells","volume":"10","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.02.007","article-title":"Effects of cryopreservation on sperm viability, synthesis of reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage of bovine sperm","volume":"86","author":"G\u00fcrler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1900520","article-title":"Effect of resveratrol treatment on apoptosis and apoptotic pathways during boar semen freezing","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. - Sci. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2018.05.012","article-title":"Sperm cryopreservation: a review on current molecular cryobiology and advanced approaches","volume":"37","author":"Hezavehei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02160-x","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of papaverine as an in vitro motility enhancer on human spermatozoa","volume":"38","author":"Ibis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2024.105163","article-title":"Effects of alpha-lipoic acid and sildenafil citrate on sperm quality in asthenozoospermic men during freezing-thawing processes","volume":"117","author":"Kohzadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2023.05.005","article-title":"Sildenafil citrate ameliorates the adverse effects of cryopreservation on sperm quality in asthenozoospermic men","volume":"111","author":"Kohzadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib23","first-page":"47","article-title":"Effects of parenteral papaverine and piracetam administration on cochlea following Acoustic trauma","volume":"20","author":"Kum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Noise Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1649-3","article-title":"The phosphodiesterase 10 inhibitor papaverine exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects via the pka signaling pathway in neuroinflammation and parkinson's disease mouse models","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2020.1811714","article-title":"Specific phosphodiesterase type-10 inhibitor, papaverine, added after the cooling period improves canine sperm quality","volume":"33","author":"Lu\u00f1o","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(93)90711-5","article-title":"Distinction between true acrosome reaction and degenerative acrosome loss by a one\u2010step staining method using pisum sativum agglutinin","volume":"41","author":"Mendoza","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib27","series-title":"Phosphodiesterase Inhibition in the Treatment of Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Current Status and Potential","first-page":"19","author":"Miller","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib28","first-page":"86","volume":"1","author":"Moc\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"Human sperm cryopreservation, EMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.61186\/JCT.14.2.107","article-title":"Improving the quality of ram epididymal sperm by adding rutin antioxidant during storage 48 hours after cooling","volume":"14","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell and Tissue Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2011.12.002","article-title":"Freezing injury: the special case of the sperm cell","volume":"64","author":"Morris","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2019.12.008","article-title":"Male infertility and somatic health","volume":"47","author":"Murshidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Urol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-022-10032-6","article-title":"Improvement of human sperm properties with platelet-rich plasma as a cryoprotectant supplement","volume":"24","author":"Nabavinia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.02.126","article-title":"Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa: comparison of two cryopreservation methods and three cryoprotectants","volume":"82","author":"Nallella","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-2187-2-2","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms mediating the G protein-coupled receptor regulation of cell cycle progression","volume":"2","author":"New","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-008-9232-3","article-title":"Effects of cryopreservation on sperm parameters and ultrastructural morphology of human spermatozoa","volume":"25","author":"Ozkavukcu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa373","article-title":"Social sperm freezing","volume":"36","author":"Pennings","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/821954","article-title":"Effect of superoxide dismutase on semen parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities of liquid stored (5\u00b0C) mithun (bos frontalis) semen","volume":"2014","author":"Perumal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Animals."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-038-0_3","article-title":"The hypo-osmotic swelling test for evaluation of sperm membrane integrity","volume":"927","author":"Ramu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib39","first-page":"331","article-title":"Comparative analysis between slow freezing and ultra-rapid freezing for human sperm cryopreservation","volume":"22","author":"Riva","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBRA Assist Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh317","article-title":"Antisperm antibodies modify plasma membrane functional integrity and inhibit osmosensitive calcium influx in human sperm","volume":"19","author":"Rossato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.06.056","article-title":"Impact of sperm morphology on DNA damage caused by oxidative stress induced by \u03b2-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate","volume":"83","author":"Said","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(99)77214-0","article-title":"Measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential using fluorescent rhodamine derivatives","volume":"76","author":"Scaduto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2019.07.004","article-title":"The anti-oxidant roles of taurine and hypotaurine on acrosome integrity, HBA and HSPA2 of the human sperm during vitrification and post warming in two different temperature","volume":"90","author":"Seify","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dead250","article-title":"Ros-induced oxidative stress is a major contributor to sperm cryoinjury","volume":"39","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009616228304","article-title":"Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in apoptosis induction","volume":"5","author":"Simon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2020.1809751","article-title":"Papaverine has therapeutic potential for sepsis- induced neuropathy in rats, possibly via the modulation of HMGB1-RAGE axis and its antioxidant prosperities","volume":"35","author":"Solmaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Invest. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu196","article-title":"Clinically relevant enhancement of human sperm motility using compounds with reported phosphodiesterase inhibitor activity","volume":"29","author":"Tardif","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gyobfe.2015.10.007","article-title":"Papaverine as a replacement for pentoxifylline to select thawed testicular or epididymal spermatozoa before ICSI","volume":"43","author":"Terriou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.004614","article-title":"Activation of protein kinase a stimulates the progesterone\u2010induced calcium influx in human sperm exposed to the phosphodiesterase inhibitor papaverine","volume":"29","author":"Torres\u2010Flores","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13123","article-title":"Are sperm parameters able to predict the success of assisted reproductive technology? A retrospective analysis of over 22,000 assisted reproductive technology cycles","volume":"10","author":"Villani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib51","series-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199415000180","article-title":"Protective effects of L-carnitine on astheno-and normozoospermic human semen samples during cryopreservation","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zygote"}],"container-title":["Cryobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001122402500135X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001122402500135X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T05:02:54Z","timestamp":1780722174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001122402500135X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S001122402500135X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329","relation":{},"ISSN":["0011-2240"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0011-2240","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Papaverine enhances sperm quality in asthenospermia by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation while regulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes during cryopreservation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cryobiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2025.105329","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Society for Cryobiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105329"}}