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Metagenome sequencing provides an overview of the microbiome content. Due to the rarity of most granulomatous lung diseases collecting large systematic datasets is challenging. Thus, single-patient data often can only be summarized visually.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"introduction\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To increase the information gain from a single-case metagenome analysis we suggest a quantitative and qualitative approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 16S metagenomic results of 7 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis were compared with those of 22 healthy individuals. From lysed blood, total microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced. Cleaned data reads were identified taxonomically using Kraken 2 software. Individual metagenomic data were visualized with a Sankey diagram, Krona chart, and a heat-map. We identified five genera that were exclusively present or significantly enhanced in patients with sarcoidosis -\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Veillonella, Prevotella, Cutibacterium, Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our approach can characterize the blood microbiome composition and diversity in rare diseases at an individual level. Investigation of the blood microbiome in patients with granulomatous lung diseases of unknown etiology, such as sarcoidosis could enhance our comprehension of their origin and pathogenesis and potentially uncover novel personalized therapeutics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.10.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T11:49:12Z","timestamp":1697802552000},"page":"50-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Visualization of the individual blood microbiome to study the etiology of sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.34133","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yordan","family":"Hodzhev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Yanko Sakazov 26 Blvd., Sofia 1504, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Borislava","family":"Tsafarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Yanko Sakazov 26 Blvd., Sofia 1504, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Tolchkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Yanko Sakazov 26 Blvd., Sofia 1504, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vania","family":"Youroukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Hospital for Pulmonary Diseases \u201cSt. Sofia\u201d, Medical University of Sofia, Akad. 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