{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T18:25:58Z","timestamp":1782152758321,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010783","name":"Slovak Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-23-0383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-23-0383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Studies in Construction Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T04:24:18Z","timestamp":1741839858000},"page":"e04529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["ECC-enhanced aluminum dowels: A solution for better load transfer in rigid concrete pavements"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Emara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taher A.","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ghalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galal","family":"Elsamak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Basha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Badr el-din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.A. Beckemeyer, L. Khazanovich, H.T. Yu, Determining Amount of Built-in Curling in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement: Case Study of Pennsylvania 1-80, Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.3141\/1809-10 (2002) 85\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/1809-10.","DOI":"10.3141\/1809-10"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijprt.2017.10.001","article-title":"Investigation of load transfer efficiency in jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) using FEM","volume":"11","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pavement Res. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib3","first-page":"119","article-title":"Evaluating early-age stresses in jointed plain concrete pavement repair slabs","volume":"117","author":"Mapa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8132","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15228132","article-title":"Analysis on effects of joint spacing on the performance of jointed plain concrete pavements based on long-term pavement performance database","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib5","article-title":"Embedded aluminum sections and prestressed high-performance concretes for improving shear performance of RC beams","volume":"22","author":"Elsamak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102246","article-title":"Enhancing shear strength of RC beams through externally bonded reinforcement with stainless-steel strips and FRCM jacket to mitigate the failure risk","volume":"22","author":"Ghalla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16010072","article-title":"Punching shear behavior of slabs made from different types of concrete internally reinforced with SHCC-filled steel tubes","volume":"16","author":"Elsamak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib8","article-title":"Flexural strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded aluminum plates: an experimental and numerical study","volume":"11","author":"Elsamak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Concr. Constr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10776","DOI":"10.48084\/etasr.5871","article-title":"An experimental and numerical analysis of the flexural performance of lightweight concrete beams reinforced with GFRP Bars","volume":"13","author":"El Zareef","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng., Technol. Appl. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102522","article-title":"Study on the shear mechanism of horizontal joints within UVDR precast shear wall by quasi-static test and finite element analysis","volume":"23","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2023.101737","article-title":"Angle shear connectors: pushout tests, numerical simulations and shear strength model","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.101959","article-title":"Experimental study on the effect of partial shear studs layout on flexural behavior of steel-concrete composite beams","volume":"21","author":"Victoire","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib13","article-title":"Damage detection of lightweight concrete dual systems reinforced with GFRP bars considering various building heights and earthquake intensities","volume":"20","author":"El Zareef","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s42107-022-00489-x","article-title":"Shear behavior of RC beams strengthened with ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete using finite-element analysis","volume":"24","author":"Hekal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib15","first-page":"103","article-title":"Numerical modelling of the behavior of bare and masonry-infilled steel frames with different types of connections under static loads","volume":"33","author":"Elsamak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Concr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/1029843021000004024","article-title":"Characteristics of concrete contact stresses in doweled transverse joints","volume":"3","author":"Shoukry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pavement Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-947X(2000)126:1(50)","article-title":"Effect of dowel looseness on response of jointed concrete pavements","volume":"126","author":"Davids","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Transp. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib18","first-page":"845","article-title":"Analysis of stresses in concrete pavement under a dowel according to its diameter and load transfer efficiency","volume":"42","author":"Mackiewicz","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3981908","article-title":"Experimental study of dowel bar alternatives based on similarity model test","volume":"2017","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198105191900107","article-title":"Concrete-filled, glass fiber-reinforced polymer dowels for load transfer in jointed rigid pavements","author":"Murison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transp. Res Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13102343","article-title":"Experimental laboratory testing on behavior of dowels in concrete pavements","volume":"13","author":"Zuzulova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2018.07.052","article-title":"Experimental investigation on the combined e ff ect of dowel misalignment and cyclic wheel loading on dowel bar performance in JPCP","volume":"174","author":"Al-humeidawi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1080\/10298436.2014.893314","article-title":"Evaluation of performance and design of GFRP dowels in jointed plain concrete pavement \u2013 part 2: numerical simulation and design considerations","volume":"15","author":"Al-Humeidawi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pavement Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib24","unstructured":"M.L. Porter, R.J. Guinn, A.L. Lundy, D.D. Davis, J.G. Rohner, I.S.University.E.R. Institute, Investigation of glass fiber composite dowel bars for highway pavement slabs., (2001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21949\/1503647."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib25","first-page":"813","article-title":"FRP dowel bars in reinforced concrete pavements","volume":"138","author":"Brown","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spec. Publ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib26","first-page":"331","article-title":"Performance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer-doweled jointed plain concrete pavement under static and cyclic loadings","volume":"111","author":"Benmokrane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Struct. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Prabhu, A.H. Varma, N. Buch, Experimental and Analytical Investigations of Mechanistic Effects of Dowel Misalignment in Jointed Concrete Pavements, Https:\/\/Doi.Org\/10.3141\/2037-02 (2007) 12\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3141\/2037-02.","DOI":"10.3141\/2037-02"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/10298430802342708","article-title":"Analytical investigation of the effects of dowel misalignment on concrete pavement joint opening behaviour","volume":"10","author":"Prabhu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Pavement Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40069-018-0276-1","article-title":"Effect of dowel bar arrangements on performance of jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP)","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J. Concr. Struct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.103858","article-title":"Impact of various dowel bars techniques in joints of plain concrete connected rigid pavements: experimental and numerical investigations","volume":"25","author":"Heneash","year":"2025","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2023.117231","article-title":"Test, modelling and design of a demountable stainless steel bar connection system for precast concrete pavements","volume":"301","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib32","series-title":"Standard Method of Test for Dowel Bars for Concrete Street and Highway Pavement","first-page":"1","author":"AASHTO-M254","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib33","article-title":"Shear improvement of defected RC beams with sustainable aluminum boxes incorporating high performance concretes","volume":"21","author":"Emara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib34","article-title":"Ultimate performance of two-way reinforced concrete flat slabs enhanced by SHCC drop panels mitigating punching failure","volume":"99","author":"Ghalla","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib35","unstructured":"British Standard Institute, BS EN 12390-3:2001 Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens, 2001."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib36","series-title":"Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products","author":"ASTM A370-21","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib37","series-title":"Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes","author":"AASHTO M145-91","year":"2012"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.21608\/erjm.2023.177856.1234","article-title":"Numerical investigation on reinforced concrete closed curved beams subjected to internal pressure strengthened with sustainable material","volume":"0","author":"Hamoda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Erj. Eng. Res. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib39","article-title":"Experimental and numerical investigations of the shear performance of reinforced concrete deep beams strengthened with hybrid SHCC-mesh","volume":"21","author":"Hamoda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2024.103017","article-title":"Novel sustainable techniques for enhancing shear strength of RC beams mitigating construction failure risk","volume":"15","author":"Ghalla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib41","unstructured":"S.K., Hibbitt,Inc, ABAQUS theory manual, user manual and example manual, version 6.7, Providence, RI. 2000., 2000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102869","article-title":"Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete cantilever beams having insufficient splice length","volume":"24","author":"Badawi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib43","article-title":"Experimental and numerical investigation on axial compression behaviour of prefabricated ECC shell\u2013reinforced concrete column","volume":"21","author":"Ding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.136737","article-title":"Enhancing the punching performance of two-way RC flat slabs using different configurations of embedded aluminum sections: Experimental program and numerical analysis","volume":"434","author":"Ghalla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s42107-022-00552-7","article-title":"Parametric study on the behavior of thin-walled castellated beams subjected to static monotonic loading using finite-element analysis","volume":"24","author":"Rageh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib46","first-page":"16990","article-title":"Effect of Using ECC Layer on the Flexural Performance of RC Beams Previously Strengthened with EB CFRP Laminates","volume":"14","author":"Emara","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2024.118922","article-title":"Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with insufficient lapped splice length of reinforcing bars","volume":"321","author":"Ghalla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmats.2024.1373292","article-title":"Various configurations of externally bonded strain-hardening cementitious composite reducing shear failure risk of defected RC beams","volume":"11","author":"Bahrami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17235701","article-title":"Shear strengthening of RC beams using prestressed near-surface mounted bars reducing the probability of construction failure risk","volume":"17","author":"Fayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib50","first-page":"355","article-title":"Parametric studies on punching shear behavior of RC flat slabs without shear reinforcement","volume":"25","author":"Elsamak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Concr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2023.06.433","article-title":"Bond behaviour with tension lap splice for deformed steel bars in normal-strength concrete","author":"Swarnam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2024.136272","article-title":"Enhancement of cantilevered RC beams exhibiting inadequate lap spliced reinforcement using sustainable reinforced ECC layers","volume":"428","author":"Emara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Constr. Build. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2016.11.006","article-title":"Modelling and behaviour of beam-to-column connections under axial force and cyclic bending","volume":"129","author":"El-Khoriby","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcsr.2017.07.016","article-title":"Numerical study on masonry-infilled steel frames under vertical and cyclic horizontal loads","volume":"138","author":"Eladly","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Constr. Steel Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3221\/IGF-ESIS.58.04","article-title":"Numerical assessment of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with CFRP sheets under impact loading","volume":"15","author":"Emara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frat. Ed. Integrit\u00e0 Strutt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib56","article-title":"An improved damage-plasticity material model for concrete subjected to dynamic loading","volume":"19","author":"Rong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib57","article-title":"Anchored and epoxied ferrocement strips for improving flexural performance of two-way reinforced concrete slabs","volume":"22","author":"Elsamak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib58","article-title":"Externally bonded and anchored engineered cementitious composite and glass fiber mesh strips for enhancing defected RC beams in shear","volume":"22","author":"Elsamak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001034","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composites in uniaxial compression","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carreira and Chu, Relationship for Plain Concrete in Comprcssion Strcss \u20ac train, ACI Struct J (1985) 797\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14359\/10390.","DOI":"10.14359\/10390"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib61","article-title":"Shear behavior of RC beams made with plastic and steel wires: experimental and numerical study","volume":"14","author":"Murad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2023.117037","article-title":"Experimental and numerical studies of reinforced concrete stair beams strengthened with steel bars and plates","volume":"297","author":"Hamoda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib63","first-page":"327","article-title":"Machine learning approaches for estimating concrete shear strength in FRP reinforced members without shear reinforcement","volume":"53","author":"El Zareef","year":"2024","journal-title":"Steel Compos. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib64","article-title":"Behavior of ECC columns confined using steel wire mesh under axial loading","volume":"43","author":"Emara","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Emara, M.A. Salem, H.A. Mohamed, H.A. Shehab, A. El-Zohairy, Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Engineered Cementitious Composites and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets, (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/fib11110098.","DOI":"10.3390\/fib11110098"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.101849","article-title":"A simplified approach of numerical seismic model updating for deep braced excavation using centrifuge test","volume":"21","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2024.102074","article-title":"Nonlinear analysis of large deformation in steel corrugated pipe culverts\uff0dTheoretical calculations and numerical simulations of deformation and stresses","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Results Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib68","article-title":"Numerical investigation for failure load and contact stress beneath RC square footing resting on cohesionless soil","volume":"15","author":"Attia Fouda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Constr. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s41062-023-01316-1","article-title":"Influence of concrete type on rigid pavement behavior under static loads","volume":"9","author":"Salama","year":"2024","journal-title":"Innov. Infrastruct. Solut."}],"container-title":["Case Studies in Construction Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214509525003274?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214509525003274?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T16:57:58Z","timestamp":1779987478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214509525003274"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S2214509525003274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-5095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-5095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"ECC-enhanced aluminum dowels: A solution for better load transfer in rigid concrete pavements","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cscm.2025.e04529","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e04529"}}