{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T23:58:27Z","timestamp":1781395107467,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0804700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0804700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Case Studies in Thermal Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:02:51Z","timestamp":1618963371000},"page":"101000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Investigation on the explosion limits and flame propagation characteristics of premixed methanol-gasoline blends"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yanlong","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinming","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengqi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2014.06.004","article-title":"Effects of N2\/CO2 on explosion characteristics of methane and air mixture","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-7112(96)00008-2","article-title":"Fireballs from deflagration and detonation of heterogeneous fuel-rich clouds","volume":"25","author":"Dorofeev","year":"1995","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.05.024","article-title":"Explosion parameters of methanol\u2013air mixtures","volume":"158","author":"Mitu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.10.449","article-title":"Assessment method of liquid fuel field explosion hazardousness \u2606","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2015.07.003","article-title":"Comparative assessment of the explosion characteristics of alcohol\u2013air mixtures","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.09.004","article-title":"Determination of the explosion characteristics of methanol\u2013air mixture in a constant volume vessel","volume":"210","author":"Saeed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib7","article-title":"Explosion limits and critical oxygen content of crude oil vapor at different ambient temperatures","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ciesc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib8","first-page":"439","article-title":"Experimental study on explosion limits and suppression of combustible liquid","volume":"18","author":"Yao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chin. J. Energetic Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib9","first-page":"22","article-title":"Application of explosion limit in safety management of oil depots","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oil Depot Gas Stn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib10","first-page":"24","article-title":"Simulation experimental system for explosion limit measurement of gasoline air mixture under different environmental conditions","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Logist. Eng. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2016.08.013","article-title":"Effect of initial temperature on the explosion pressure of various liquid fuels and their blends","volume":"44","author":"Grabarczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00730136","article-title":"Study of health hazards in use of methanol-gasoline blends","volume":"21","author":"Kasparov","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chem. Technol. Fuels Oils"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib13","first-page":"23","article-title":"Methanol gasoline development in foreign countries and enlightenment to China","volume":"15","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sino-Global Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1080\/15567036.2010.549913","article-title":"Regulated and unregulated emissions from a non-road small gasoline engine fueled with gasoline and methanol-gasoline blends","volume":"36","author":"Ni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Sources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib15","first-page":"95","article-title":"Research & applications of methanol gasoline","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"China Foreign Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.06.072","article-title":"Methanol-gasoline DFSI (dual-fuel spark ignition) combustion with dual-injection for engine knock suppression","volume":"73","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.01.049","article-title":"Comparative study on alcohols\u2013gasoline and gasoline\u2013alcohols dual-fuel spark ignition (DFSI) combustion for high load extension and high fuel efficiency","volume":"82","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2015.06.059","article-title":"Comparative study on alcohol-gasoline and gasoline-alcohol Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition (DFSI) combustion for engine particle number (PN) reduction","volume":"159","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"issue":"80-","key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1126\/science.188.4185.209","article-title":"Methanol-gasoline fuels","volume":"188","author":"Mullen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2016.08.046","article-title":"Effect of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles in biodiesel-diesel-ethanol blends at various injection strategies: performance, combustion and emission characteristics","volume":"186","author":"Venu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fuel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib21","series-title":"Standard Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammability of Chemicals (Vapors and Gases)","author":"Astm","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib22","series-title":"Method of Test for Explosion Limits of Combustible Gases in Air","author":"Gb\/T","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib23","series-title":"A Study on the Explosion Characteristics and Suppression Experiment of 93# Gasoline Vapor","author":"Zhang","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib24","first-page":"30","article-title":"Effects of environmental temperature on the lower explosive limit of gasoline-air mixture","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Logist. Eng. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib25","first-page":"51","article-title":"Measurement of explosion limits of monohydric alcohols under higher temperature","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Gas. Chem. Ind."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib26","first-page":"1020","article-title":"Experimental study on lower explosive limits of dichloromethane-methanol blends","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fire Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib27","series-title":"Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, Flammable Gas, Vapors and Dust, Fire Risk Parameters Manual","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib28","first-page":"68","article-title":"Research of distillation range characteristics on methanol-gasoline","volume":"39","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Small Intern. Combust. Engine Motorcycle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.06.043","article-title":"The upper explosion limit of lower alkanes and alkenes in air at elevated pressures and temperatures","volume":"128","author":"den","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2011.04.650","article-title":"The research on combustible gas lower limit of explosion expanding in high temperature","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.09.086","article-title":"Temperature and pressure influence on explosion pressures of closed vessel propane-air deflagrations","volume":"174","author":"Razus","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.03.018","article-title":"Auto-ignition and upper explosion limit of rich propane-air mixtures at elevated pressures","volume":"137","author":"Norman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib33","first-page":"48","article-title":"The effect of initial temperature on lower explosion limit of flammable gas","volume":"38","author":"Yao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ind. Saf. Environ. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2017.04.124","article-title":"Influence of pressure, temperature and vessel volume on explosion characteristics of ethanol\/air mixtures in closed spherical vessels","volume":"203","author":"Mitu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fuel"}],"container-title":["Case Studies in Thermal Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214157X21001635?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2214157X21001635?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T11:12:50Z","timestamp":1761995570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2214157X21001635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S2214157X21001635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000","relation":{},"ISSN":["2214-157X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2214-157X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Investigation on the explosion limits and flame propagation characteristics of premixed methanol-gasoline blends","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101000","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101000"}}