{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T02:28:28Z","timestamp":1768789708202,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T08:03:26Z","timestamp":1338537806000},"page":"535-567","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Infectious, Inflammatory, and Metabolic Diseases Affecting the Athlete's Spine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Lionel N.","family":"Metz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosanna","family":"Wustrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto F.","family":"Lovell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aenor J.","family":"Sawyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.14.6.11","article-title":"General principles in the medical and surgical management of spinal infections: a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"17","author":"Quinones-Hinojosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0910753","article-title":"Clinical practice","volume":"362","author":"Zimmerli","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(79)90072-2","article-title":"Pyogenic osteomyelitis of axial bones following civilian gunshot wounds","volume":"137","author":"Maier","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000166532.58227.4f","article-title":"Risk factors for infection after spinal surgery","volume":"30","author":"Fang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31815a3920","article-title":"The flatulent spine: lumbar spinal infection secondary to colonic diverticular abscess: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Hopton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.03.002","article-title":"Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a systematic review of clinical characteristics","volume":"39","author":"Mylona","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199708000-00007","article-title":"Instrumentation of the infected and unstable spine: a review of 17 cases from the thoracic and lumbar spine with pyogenic infections","volume":"10","author":"Carragee","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.03.023","article-title":"Non-pyogenic infections of the spine","volume":"36","author":"Skaf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(00)00226-6","article-title":"An unusual case of brucellar spondylitis involving both the cervical and lumbar spine","volume":"24","author":"Zormpala","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E513","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a9897e","article-title":"Hematogenous spinal infection in central Greece","volume":"34","author":"Sakkas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-007-0371-x","article-title":"Spinal brucellosis: a review","volume":"37","author":"Chelli Bouaziz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.14.2.8190957","article-title":"Imaging features of musculoskeletal brucellosis","volume":"14","author":"al-Shahed","year":"1994","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1086\/313524","article-title":"Brucellar spondylitis: review of 35 cases and literature survey","volume":"29","author":"Solera","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200311000-00005","article-title":"Childhood diskitis","volume":"11","author":"Early","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1299","article-title":"Discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis in children: an 18-year review","volume":"105","author":"Fernandez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.1.1","article-title":"Diskitis in children","volume":"17","author":"Cushing","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/1.5.754","article-title":"Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: report of nine cases and review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Sapico","year":"1979","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib18","first-page":"1761","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview","volume":"72","author":"Golden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B7.24668","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the spine: a fresh look at an old disease","volume":"92","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800840106","article-title":"Surgery for tuberculosis before and after human immunodeficiency virus infection: a tropical perspective","volume":"84","author":"Watters","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e318073bd29","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the spine: a review","volume":"460","author":"Jain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib22","first-page":"105","article-title":"Tuberculosis of the spine 2011 update","volume":"23","author":"Nene","year":"2011","journal-title":"ASN&J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.11.009","article-title":"Is spinal tuberculosis contagious?","volume":"14","author":"Schirmer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199310000-00028","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk of instrumentation as a foreign body in spinal tuberculosis: clinical and biologic study","volume":"18","author":"Oga","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000203451.36522.4c","article-title":"Fungal infections of the spine","volume":"444","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200104000-00011","article-title":"Fungal infections of the spine: report of eleven patients with long-term follow-up","volume":"83\u2013A","author":"Frazier","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1086\/514774","article-title":"Spinal aspergillus osteomyelitis","volume":"28","author":"Vinas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199611000-00026","article-title":"Musculoskeletal coccidioidomycosis: a review of 25 cases","volume":"332","author":"Kushwaha","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000126762.91040.fd","article-title":"Coccidioidomycosis: a descriptive survey of a reemerging disease","volume":"83","author":"Crum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medicine [Baltimore]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.103","article-title":"Classification of juvenile spondyloarthritis: enthesitis-related arthritis and beyond","volume":"6","author":"Colbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000200231.53695.92","article-title":"Inflammatory arthritides of the spine: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment","volume":"443","author":"Borenstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","article-title":"Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis: a proposal for modification of the New York criteria","volume":"27","author":"van der Linden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC\/2008\/24\/1\/E3","article-title":"The pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"24","author":"Shamji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/XXII.suppl_2.53","article-title":"The cross-tolerance hypothesis, HLA-B27 and ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"22","author":"Ebringer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24132","article-title":"Inflammatory lesions of the spine on magnetic resonance imaging predict the development of new syndesmophytes in ankylosing spondylitis: evidence of a relationship between inflammation and new bone formation","volume":"60","author":"Maksymowych","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.120139","article-title":"Comparison of a high sensitivity and standard C reactive protein measurement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis","volume":"69","author":"Poddubnyy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100426","article-title":"Ankylosing spondylitis: patterns of radiographic involvement\u2014a re-examination of accepted principles in a cohort of 769 patients","volume":"258","author":"Jang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib38","first-page":"2120","article-title":"Frequency of atlantoaxial subluxation and neurologic involvement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"22","author":"Ramos-Remus","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1249\/JSR.0b013e3181967ac6","article-title":"Spondyloarthritis: clinical suspicion, diagnosis, and sports","volume":"8","author":"Harper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Sports Med Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3282fa13c9","article-title":"Does physical therapy still have a place in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis?","volume":"20","author":"Elyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1053\/berh.2002.0240","article-title":"Spa and exercise treatment in ankylosing spondylitis: fact or fancy?","volume":"16","author":"van Tubergen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.19.6.592","article-title":"Cervical spine control; bending the rules","volume":"19","author":"Maskery","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200002)43:2<250::AID-ANR3>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis is a source of osteoclast differentiation factor","volume":"43","author":"Gravallese","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199709000-00002","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine","volume":"5","author":"Monsey","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.95.4.949","article-title":"A study of roentgenologic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine","volume":"95","author":"Bland","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199309000-00004","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine: a long-term analysis with predictors of paralysis and recovery","volume":"75","author":"Boden","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3340","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23988","article-title":"Vertebral strength changes in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with alendronate, as assessed by finite element analysis of clinical computed tomography scans: a prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"58","author":"Mawatari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii","DOI":"10.3310\/hta12030","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of strategies for reducing fracture risk in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis with additional data on long-term risk of fracture and cost of disease management","volume":"12","author":"Thornton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.013003","article-title":"Sustained maintenance of exercise induced muscle strength gains and normal bone mineral density in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a 5 year follow up","volume":"63","author":"Hakkinen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25011","article-title":"Neurologic outcome of surgical and conservative treatment of rheumatoid cervical spine subluxation: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Wolfs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181629ac4","article-title":"Spine concerns in the Special Olympian with Down syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Tassone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-009-0130-2","article-title":"The relationships among bone health, insulin-like growth factor-1 and sex hormones in adolescent female athletes","volume":"28","author":"Gruodyte","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.160.10.1026","article-title":"Adolescent bone health","volume":"160","author":"Loud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041012","article-title":"Bone loss and fracture risk after reduced physical activity","volume":"20","author":"Nordstr\u00f6m","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.10.3.290","article-title":"Effect of training mode and calcium intake on bone mineral density in female master cyclist, runners, and non-athletes","volume":"10","author":"Beshgetoor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181c6a116","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in bone mineral density in male master cyclists and nonathletes","volume":"25","author":"Nichols","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1999.14.5.821","article-title":"Prevalent vertebral deformities predict hip fractures and new vertebral deformities but not wrist fractures","volume":"14","author":"Black","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00006416-200505000-00007","article-title":"A case study on osteoporosis in a male athlete: looking beyond the usual suspects","volume":"24","author":"Peer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Orthop Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199403000-00018","article-title":"SPECT evaluation of lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis","volume":"19","author":"Lusins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0878-3","article-title":"Juvenile spondylolysis: a comparative analysis of CT, SPECT and MRI","volume":"34","author":"Campbell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.9.1658","article-title":"Z score prediction model for assessment of bone mineral content in pediatric diseases","volume":"16","author":"Ellis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"10-11","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.04.001","article-title":"Bone turnover markers in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"42","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.159.2.1632335","article-title":"Stress fractures: current concepts","volume":"159","author":"Daffner","year":"1992","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70026-0","article-title":"Stress fractures: general concepts","volume":"16","author":"Knapp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658701500107","article-title":"Stress fractures in athletes: a study of 320 cases","volume":"15","author":"Matheson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.6.2904","article-title":"Spine and total body bone mineral density in amenorrheic endurance athletes","volume":"74","author":"Rutherford","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib67","first-page":"163","article-title":"Thoracic compression fracture in a basketball player","volume":"30","author":"McHugh-Pierzina","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-2023-0","article-title":"The severity of vertebral fractures and health-related quality of life in osteoporotic postmenopausal women","volume":"16","author":"Fechtenbaum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201103000-00007","article-title":"The treatment of symptomatic osteoporotic spinal compression fractures","volume":"19","author":"Esses","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971070-00020","article-title":"Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents","volume":"71","author":"Hensinger","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Am]"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib71","first-page":"68","article-title":"Spondylolysis in the female gymnast","volume":"117","author":"Jackson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269035","article-title":"Athletes with unilateral spondylolysis are at risk of stress fracture at the contralateral pedicle and pars interarticularis: a clinical and biomechanical study","volume":"33","author":"Sairyo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B6.1835458","article-title":"Low back pain with fracture of the pedicle and contralateral spondylolysis: a technique of surgical management","volume":"73","author":"Weatherley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00350578","article-title":"Jogger's fracture and other stress fractures of the lumbo-sacral spine","volume":"13","author":"Abel","year":"1985","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199102000-00016","article-title":"Stress fracture of the lumbar pedicle: case reports of \u201cpediculolysis\u201d and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Gunzburg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199312000-00028","article-title":"Lumbar facet stress fractures in a ballet dancer","volume":"18","author":"Fehlandt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.12.3.281","article-title":"Disorders of the female athlete triad among collegiate athletes","volume":"12","author":"Beals","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980200116","article-title":"Spinal overload: a concern for obese children and adolescents?","volume":"13","author":"Goulding","year":"2002","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050820","article-title":"Bone and body composition of children and adolescents with repeated forearm fractures","volume":"20","author":"Goulding","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310062601","article-title":"Factors affecting bone loss in female endurance athletes: a two-year follow-up study","volume":"31","author":"Braam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2174\/1875399X01003010129","article-title":"Bone mineral density in athletes of different disciplines: a cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"Hinrichs","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Sports Sci J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318149f111","article-title":"American College of Sports Medicine position stand: the female athlete triad","volume":"39","author":"Nattiv","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200401000-00005","article-title":"Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population","volume":"14","author":"Sundgot-Borgen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.02.035","article-title":"Prevalence of female athlete triad characteristics in a club triathlon team","volume":"88","author":"Hoch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020369","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone pulsatility is disrupted at a threshold of energy availability in regularly menstruating women","volume":"88","author":"Loucks","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.23.2761","article-title":"Long-term risk of incident vertebral fractures","volume":"298","author":"Cauley","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.3.320","article-title":"Risk of new vertebral fracture in the year following a fracture","volume":"285","author":"Lindsay","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055218","article-title":"Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures","volume":"354","author":"Jackson","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9041","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07088-2","article-title":"Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures","volume":"348","author":"Black","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067312","article-title":"Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis","volume":"356","author":"Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1360","article-title":"Atypical fractures as a potential complication of long-term bisphosphonate therapy","volume":"304","author":"Sellmeyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278591912000312?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278591912000312?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]],"date-time":"2019-06-29T09:06:14Z","timestamp":1561799174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278591912000312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278591912000312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csm.2012.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5919","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}}}