{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T21:12:47Z","timestamp":1773609167649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sportsmed.theclinics.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,13]],"date-time":"2019-03-13T17:19:41Z","timestamp":1552497581000},"page":"169-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Knee Ligament Instability Patterns: What Is Clinically Important"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Joel","family":"Boyd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarred K.","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70218-0","article-title":"High-velocity knee dislocation with vascular injury. Treatment principles","volume":"19","author":"Wascher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318270def4","article-title":"Investigation of multiligamentous knee injury patterns with associated injuries presenting at a level I trauma center","volume":"27","author":"Becker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib3","first-page":"383","article-title":"Complete dislocation of the knee without disruption of both cruciate ligaments","volume":"34","author":"Bratt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196345050-00001","article-title":"Complete dislocation of the knee joint","volume":"45","author":"Kennedy","year":"1963","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197759020-00017","article-title":"Vascular injuries associated with dislocation of the knee","volume":"59","author":"Green","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib6","series-title":"Traumatic dislocation of the knee","author":"Gustilo","year":"1993"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.40B4.660","article-title":"Postero-lateral dislocation of the knee with capsular interposition","volume":"40","author":"Quinlan","year":"1958","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B4.0780573","article-title":"MRI in acute knee dislocation","volume":"78","author":"Twaddle","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318270def4","article-title":"Investigation of multiligamentous knee injury patterns with associated injuries presenting at a level I trauma center","volume":"27","author":"Becker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300051601","article-title":"Comparison of surgical repair or reconstruction of the cruciate ligaments versus nonsurgical treatment in patients with traumatic knee dislocations","volume":"30","author":"Richter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050042","article-title":"The anterior cruciate ligament does play a role in controlling axial rotation in the knee","volume":"5","author":"Andersen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)00133-5","article-title":"Distribution of in\u00a0situ forces in the anterior cruciate ligament in response to rotatory loads","volume":"22","author":"Gabriel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.04.141","article-title":"Arthroscopic suture fixation for avulsion fractures in the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31817279d1","article-title":"Treatment of posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures through a modified open posterior approach: operative technique and 12-to 48-month outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Nicandri","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198769020-00010","article-title":"The role of the posterolateral and cruciate ligaments in the stability of the human knee. A biomechanical study","volume":"69","author":"Gollehon","year":"1987","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3181f917e2","article-title":"Anatomy and biomechanics of the posterior cruciate ligament, medial and lateral sides of the knee","volume":"18","author":"Bowman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.05.018","article-title":"Changes in knee laxity and ligament force after sectioning the posteromedial bundle of the posterior cruciate ligament","volume":"22","author":"Markolf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513504287","article-title":"Kinematic analysis of the posterior cruciate ligament, part 1: the individual and collective function of the anterolateral and posteromedial bundles","volume":"41","author":"Kennedy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870010-00014","article-title":"Limits of movement in the human knee. Effect of sectioning the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral structures","volume":"70","author":"Grood","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00132585-200603000-00002","article-title":"Anatomy and biomechanics of the lateral side of the knee","volume":"14","author":"Sanchez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300411","article-title":"The role of the cruciate and posterolateral ligaments in stability of the knee: a biomechanical study","volume":"23","author":"Veltri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200419","article-title":"The accuracy of the clinical examination in the setting of posterior cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"22","author":"Rubinstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507312641","article-title":"Current concepts review: comprehensive physical examination for instability of the knee","volume":"36","author":"Lubowitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01176","article-title":"The anatomy of the medial part of the knee","volume":"89","author":"LaPrade","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib25","first-page":"121","article-title":"The tibial collateral ligament: its function, its bursae, and its relation to the medial meniscus","volume":"25","author":"Brantigan","year":"1943","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509333852","article-title":"Medial knee injury","volume":"37","author":"Griffith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456040-00002","article-title":"The prime static stabilizer of the medial side of the knee","volume":"56","author":"Warren","year":"1974","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200317","article-title":"Role of the medial structures in the intact and anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee: limits of motion in the human knee","volume":"22","author":"Haimes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2003.07.001","article-title":"Comparison of shear forces and ligament loading in the healthy and ACL-deficient knee during gait","volume":"37","author":"Shelbourne","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"146","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib30","first-page":"78","article-title":"Stability examination of the knee: a simple anatomic approach","author":"Marshall","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib31","first-page":"674","article-title":"The posteromedial corner revisited: an anatomical description of the passive restraining structures of the medial aspect of the human knee","volume":"86","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310062101","article-title":"The posterolateral attachments of the knee","volume":"31","author":"LaPrade","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400606","article-title":"The posterolateral aspect of the knee: anatomy and surgical approach","volume":"24","author":"Terry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503262694","article-title":"Force measurements on the fibular collateral ligament, popliteofibular ligament, and popliteus tendon to applied loads","volume":"32","author":"LaPrade","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280011801","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of a posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: deficiency of the posterolateral structures as a cause of graft failure","volume":"28","author":"Harner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199403000-00018","article-title":"Instructional course lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Posterolateral instability of the knee","volume":"76","author":"Veltri","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027859191830111X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027859191830111X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,21]],"date-time":"2019-11-21T07:43:24Z","timestamp":1574322204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027859191830111X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S027859191830111X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5919","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Knee Ligament Instability Patterns: What Is Clinically Important","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Sports Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csm.2018.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}