{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:57:21Z","timestamp":1777712241908,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","sportsmed.theclinics.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinics in Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,17]],"date-time":"2024-08-17T11:35:16Z","timestamp":1723894516000},"page":"233-248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rotator Cuff and Biceps Injuries in Baseball"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abed K.","family":"Abdelaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander J.","family":"Rondon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518765158","article-title":"Summative Report on Time Out of Play for Major and Minor League Baseball: An Analysis of 49,955 Injuries From 2011 Through 2016","volume":"46","author":"Camp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib2","first-page":"300","article-title":"Management of rotator cuff and impingement injuries in the athlete","volume":"35","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib3","series-title":"Baseball Sports Medicine","article-title":"Rotator cuff tears in baseball players","author":"Makhni","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100102","article-title":"An EMG analysis of the shoulder in throwing and pitching. A preliminary report","volume":"11","author":"Jobe","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(85)80041-4","article-title":"Arthroscopy of the shoulder in the management of partial tears of the rotator cuff: a preliminary report","volume":"1","author":"Andrews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.06.009","article-title":"Why is the humeral retroversion of throwing athletes greater in dominant shoulders than in nondominant shoulders?","volume":"15","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500504","article-title":"Shoulder motion and laxity in the professional baseball player","volume":"25","author":"Bigliani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jos.2017.06.018","article-title":"Contact pressure of the coracoacromial arch in shoulders with joint contracture: A cadaveric study","volume":"22","author":"Shiota","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80065-7","article-title":"Impingement of the deep surface of the supraspinatus tendon on the posterosuperior glenoid rim: An arthroscopic study","volume":"1","author":"Walch","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(99)90076-9","article-title":"Internal impingement of the shoulder: a clinical and arthroscopic analysis","volume":"8","author":"McFarland","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2003.50128","article-title":"The disabled throwing shoulder: spectrum of pathology Part I: pathoanatomy and biomechanics","volume":"19","author":"Burkhart","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2010.03.001","article-title":"Management of the throwing shoulder: cuff, labrum and internal impingement","volume":"41","author":"Greiwe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503259354","article-title":"Humeral torque in professional baseball pitchers","volume":"32","author":"Sabick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513491093","article-title":"Glenohumeral findings on magnetic resonance imaging correlate with innings pitched in asymptomatic pitchers","volume":"41","author":"Lesniak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310051501","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the asymptomatic shoulder of overhead athletes: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"31","author":"Connor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2010.10.014","article-title":"Anatomy, function, injuries, and treatment of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon","volume":"27","author":"Elser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B4.8331107","article-title":"Stabilising function of the biceps in stable and unstable shoulders","volume":"75","author":"Itoi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199507000-00005","article-title":"Effect of lesions of the superior portion of the glenoid labrum on glenohumeral translation","volume":"77","author":"Pagnani","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200119","article-title":"The role of the long head of the biceps muscle and superior glenoid labrum in anterior stability of the shoulder","volume":"22","author":"Rodosky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.06.003","article-title":"The effect of the long head of the biceps on glenohumeral kinematics","volume":"18","author":"Youm","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.09.007","article-title":"The effect of posterosuperior rotator cuff tears and biceps loading on glenohumeral translation","volume":"26","author":"Su","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967114523902","article-title":"Glenohumeral Function of the Long Head of the Biceps Muscle: An Electromyographic Analysis","volume":"2","author":"Chalmers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199809000-00015","article-title":"Electromyographic analysis of shoulder joint function of the biceps brachii muscle during isometric contraction","volume":"354","author":"Sakurai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.113087","article-title":"Function of the long head of the biceps at the shoulder: electromyographic analysis","volume":"10","author":"Levy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658401200310","article-title":"An EMG analysis of the shoulder in pitching. A second report","volume":"12","author":"Jobe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib26","series-title":"Baseball sports medicine","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509332505","article-title":"Clinical utility of traditional and new tests in the diagnosis of biceps tendon injuries and superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions in the shoulder","volume":"37","author":"Ben Kibler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.05.015","article-title":"The \u201c3-Pack\u201d Examination Is Critical for Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biceps-Labrum Complex and the Bicipital Tunnel: A Prospective Study","volume":"33","author":"Taylor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.29923","article-title":"The Youth Throwers Ten Exercise Program: A variation of an exercise series for enhanced dynamic shoulder control in the youth overhead throwing athlete","volume":"16","author":"Wilk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2011.11.1943","article-title":"The Advanced Throwers Ten Exercise Program: a new exercise series for enhanced dynamic shoulder control in the overhead throwing athlete","volume":"39","author":"Wilk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib31","unstructured":"Snyder SJ. Arthroscopic Treatment of Partial Articular Surface Tendon Avulsions. Paper Presentation presented at: AAOS\/AOSSM Comprehensive Sports Medicine; February 2, 2001; Lake Tahoe, NV."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668060-00010","article-title":"Surgical treatment of tears of the rotator cuff in athletes","volume":"68","author":"Tibone","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505279916","article-title":"Repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears in professional baseball players","volume":"34","author":"Mazou\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.01.029","article-title":"Performance and return to sport following rotator cuff surgery in professional baseball players","volume":"28","author":"Erickson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2022.08.008","article-title":"Rehabilitation and Return to Work and Sport After Rotator Cuff","volume":"42","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib36","first-page":"128","article-title":"Arthroscopic Management of Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears in Major League Baseball Pitchers: The Lateralized Footprint Repair Technique","volume":"45","author":"Dines","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546519825624","article-title":"Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Is There a Difference Between the Recreational and the Competitive Athlete?","volume":"48","author":"Altintas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.08.251","article-title":"Incidence and Return to Play After Biceps Tenodesis in Professional Baseball Players","volume":"34","author":"Chalmers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671221074732","article-title":"Update on Performance and Return to Sport After Biceps Tenodesis in Professional Baseball Players","volume":"10","author":"Erickson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib40","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Diagnostic and therapeutic injection of the shoulder region","volume":"67","author":"Tallia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201011000-00002","article-title":"Long head of the biceps tendinopathy: diagnosis and management","volume":"18","author":"Nho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.02.008","article-title":"The arthroscopic active compression test","volume":"21","author":"Verma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1691-z","article-title":"Where to tenodese the biceps: proximal or distal?","volume":"469","author":"Lutton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.04.143","article-title":"Anatomy of the biceps tendon: implications for restoring physiological length-tension relation during biceps tenodesis with interference screw fixation","volume":"28","author":"Denard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"}],"container-title":["Clinics in Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278591924000772?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0278591924000772?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T16:36:50Z","timestamp":1751387810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0278591924000772"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0278591924000772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0278-5919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0278-5919","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Rotator Cuff and Biceps Injuries in Baseball","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinics in Sports Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csm.2024.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}