{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:26:17Z","timestamp":1786987577330,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":272,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015728","name":"Clinical Science Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK6BX00377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK6BX00377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015728","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006190","name":"US Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research &amp; Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK1 CX002187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK1 CX002187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007217","name":"Health Services Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1I01HX001682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I01HX001682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007217","name":"Health Services Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK6HX002608"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK6HX002608"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002782","name":"Calgary Institute for the Humanities, University of Calgary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006379","name":"Office of Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006379","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012462","name":"Office of Academic Affiliations, Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017016","name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T10:21:48Z","timestamp":1659262908000},"page":"101644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Complementary\/integrative healthcare utilization in US Gulf-War era veterans: Descriptive analyses based on deployment history, combat exposure, and Gulf War Illness"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kelton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4182-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariah K.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmine M.","family":"Eshera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Blakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.D.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Jo","family":"Pugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean C.","family":"Beckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Kimbrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2015.1087915","article-title":"Veterans' experiences using complementary and alternative medicine for posttraumatic stress: a qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis","volume":"31","author":"Schuman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Work. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"12 Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000270","article-title":"Complementary and alternative medicine for US veterans and active duty military personnel: promising steps to improve their health","volume":"52","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib3","first-page":"14","article-title":"State of care: complementary and alternative medicine in Veterans Health Administration\u20142011 survey results","volume":"30","author":"Ezeji-Okoye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fed. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2020.0395","article-title":"Complementary and integrative health approaches offered in the Veteran Health Administration: results of a national organizational survey","volume":"27","author":"Farmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Alternative Compl. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-04862-6","article-title":"Complementary and integrated health approaches: what do veterans use and want","volume":"34","author":"Taylor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217831","article-title":"The use of complementary and integrative health approaches for chronic musculoskeletal pain in younger US Veterans: an economic evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Herman","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2016.08.004","article-title":"CAM use in recently-returned OEF\/OIF\/OND US veterans: demographic and psychosocial predictors","volume":"28","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compl. Ther. Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.15.1697","article-title":"A profile of military veterans in the southwestern United States who use complementary and alternative medicine: implications for integrated care","volume":"162","author":"Baldwin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.169.5.354","article-title":"Use of complementary and alternative therapies among active duty soldiers, military retirees, and family members at a military hospital","volume":"169","author":"McPherson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2012.0108","article-title":"Military report more complementary and alternative medicine use than civilians","volume":"19","author":"Goertz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Alternative Compl. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000627","article-title":"Physical and mental health status of Gulf War and Gulf Era Veterans: results from a large population-based epidemiological study","volume":"58","author":"Dursa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib15","series-title":"Chronic Multisymptom Illness in Gulf War Veterans: Case Definitions Reexamined","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib16","article-title":"VA and DOD: working together to define Gulf War illness","volume":"4","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gulf War Newsletter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib17","series-title":"Gulf War Illness and the Health of Gulf War Veterans: Research Update and Recommendations","first-page":"2009","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540270064028","article-title":"Self-reported illness and health status among Gulf War veterans: a population-based study","volume":"277","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12 Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000223","article-title":"Physical health, mental health, and utilization of complementary and alternative medicine services among Gulf War veterans","volume":"52","author":"Holliday","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16010111","article-title":"Gulf War Illness: unifying hypothesis for a continuing health problem","volume":"16","author":"Mawson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib22","article-title":"A systematic review of therapeutic interventions and management strategies for Gulf War Illness","volume":"260","author":"Nugent","year":"2020","journal-title":"Military Medicine, usaa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.07.033","article-title":"Experiential avoidance is associated with medical and mental health diagnoses in a national sample of deployed Gulf War veterans","volume":"142","author":"Blakey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.11.981","article-title":"Chronic multisymptom illness affecting air force veterans of the Gulf war","volume":"280","author":"Fukuda","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.10.992","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of Gulf War Illness in Kansas veterans: association of symptoms with characteristics of person, place, and time of military service","volume":"152","author":"Steele","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.08.053","article-title":"The critical warzone experiences (CWE) scale: initial psychometric properties and association with PTSD, anxiety, and depression","volume":"220","author":"Kimbrel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.12.007","article-title":"An examination of the broader effects of warzone experiences on returning Iraq\/Afghanistan veterans' psychiatric health","volume":"226","author":"Kimbrel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib28","series-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2164956118768492","article-title":"Role of active versus passive complementary and integrative health approaches in pain management","volume":"7","author":"Cosio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global. Adv. Health Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gender differences in prevalence and associations for use of CAM in a large population study","volume":"14","author":"Kristoffersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Compl. Alternative Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nen023","article-title":"Who uses CAM? A narrative review of demographic characteristics and health factors associated with CAM use","volume":"7","author":"Bishop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Evid. base Compl. Alternative Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1355785052000323010","article-title":"Assessing the effects of race and ethnicity on use of complementary and alternative therapies in the USA","volume":"10","author":"Keith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ethn. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib33","volume":"vol. 11","author":"Middleton","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2020.101121","article-title":"A Sleep hygiene and yoga intervention conducted in affordable housing communities: pilot study results and lessons for a future trial","volume":"39","author":"Spadola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement. Therapy Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior","volume":"50","author":"Azjen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/08995605.2011.534417","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior and reserve component veteran treatment seeking","volume":"23","author":"Britt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mil. Psychol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2007.58.10.1358","article-title":"An assessment of beliefs about mental health care among veterans who served in Iraq","volume":"58","author":"Stecker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2515690X18801581","article-title":"Perceived behavioral Control as a key to integrative medicine","volume":"23","author":"Shamblen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Evid-Based Integ. Med."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8574","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228574","article-title":"Grappling with Gulf war illness: perspectives of Gulf war providers","volume":"17","author":"Kaimal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31817d92e1","article-title":"Comparing the characteristics, utilization, efficiency, and outcomes of VA and non-VA inpatient care provided to VA enrollees: a case study in New York","volume":"46","author":"Weeks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Care."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-016-0283-3","article-title":"Discrepancies in race and ethnicity documentation: a potential barrier in identifying racial and ethnic disparities","volume":"4","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Racial. Ethnic Health Disparit."}],"container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1744388122001128?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1744388122001128?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T06:03:28Z","timestamp":1778825008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1744388122001128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S1744388122001128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-3881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-3881","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Complementary\/integrative healthcare utilization in US Gulf-War era veterans: Descriptive analyses based on deployment history, combat exposure, and Gulf War Illness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101644","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101644"}}