{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:24:38Z","timestamp":1791689078360,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005851","name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008036","name":"National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T15:24:51Z","timestamp":1782401091000},"page":"102074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Daily ginger supplementation improves plasma cholesterol efflux capacity and reduces oxidative stress in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Fahime","family":"Ansarifard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9133-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Nasrollahzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.04.061","article-title":"The global syndemic of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors projected from 2025 to 2050","volume":"86","author":"Chong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3261","DOI":"10.62347\/GMTC2479","article-title":"Progress in macrophage immune regulation of atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030574","article-title":"High density lipoprotein cholesterol efflux capacity and atherosclerosis in cardiovascular disease: pathophysiological aspects and pharmacological perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Adorni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib4","first-page":"6","article-title":"The role of reverse cholesterol transport in animals and humans and relationship to atherosclerosis","volume":"50","author":"Rader","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001689","article-title":"Cholesterol efflux capacity, high-density lipoprotein function, and atherosclerosis","volume":"364","author":"Khera","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409065","article-title":"HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and incident cardiovascular events","volume":"371","author":"Rohatgi","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13041165","article-title":"Functional food and bioactive compounds on the modulation of the functionality of HDL-C: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Luna-Castillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2010.505689","article-title":"An impression on current developments in the technology, chemistry, and biological activities of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe)","volume":"52","author":"Kubra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12112015","article-title":"Ginger bioactives: a comprehensive review of health benefits and potential food applications","volume":"12","author":"Shaukat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib10","first-page":"21","article-title":"Gingerols and shogaols: important nutraceutical principles from ginger","volume":"115","author":"Semwal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02210A","article-title":"Vasculoprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) and underlying molecular mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-018-0097-4","article-title":"Zingiber officinale rosc. Essential oil, a review on its composition and bioactivity","volume":"5","author":"Mahboubi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Phytosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7769","article-title":"Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) intake on human serum lipid profile: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Salih","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800011","article-title":"6-dihydroparadol, a ginger constituent, enhances cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/bab.1328","article-title":"Alpinetin enhances cholesterol efflux and inhibits lipid accumulation in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-loaded human macrophages","volume":"62","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00159","article-title":"6-Gingerol regulates hepatic cholesterol metabolism by up-regulation of ldlr and cholesterol efflux-related genes in hepG2 cells","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201900029","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia determines dysfunctional hdl production and impedes cholesterol efflux in the small intestine: alleviation by ginger extract","volume":"63","author":"Barbalata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib18","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.11.020","article-title":"Effects of ginger on serum glucose, advanced glycation end products, and inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"31","author":"Imani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.03.043","article-title":"The effect of ginger supplementation on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"43","author":"Pourmasoumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-Country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/58891","article-title":"High-throughput nitrobenzoxadiazole-labeled cholesterol efflux assay","author":"Pastor-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7516","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19067516","article-title":"Sesamin enhances cholesterol efflux in RAW264.7 macrophages","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/61122","article-title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress in biological samples using the thiobarbituric acid reactive dubstances assay","author":"Aguilar D\u00edaz De Le\u00f3n","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13240","article-title":"Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), mild cognitive impairment, and 2-year conversion to dementia: a pilot study","volume":"135","author":"Cervellati","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib26","article-title":"Arylesterase activity of paraoxonase 1 (pon1) on hdl(3) and hdl(2): relationship with Q192R, C-108T, and L55M polymorphisms","volume":"26","author":"Valencia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib27","series-title":"Cross-Over Trials in Clinical Research","author":"Senn","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.774418","article-title":"Cholesterol efflux capacity and its association with adverse cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00126-6","article-title":"Association of hdl cholesterol efflux capacity with incident coronary heart disease events: a prospective case-control study","volume":"3","author":"Saleheen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1065967","article-title":"Paraoxonase 1 and atherosclerosis","volume":"10","author":"Durrington","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib31","first-page":"165","article-title":"The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on glycemic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Shidfar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Compl. Integr. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7154172","article-title":"Effect of Zingiber officinale on lipid profile and some inflammatory markers in diabetic hemodialysis patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"2023","author":"Veisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2015.00006","article-title":"Effects of ginger on serum lipids and lipoproteins in peritoneal dialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Tabibi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2014.880671","article-title":"The effect of ginger consumption on glycemic status, lipid profile, and some inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"65","author":"Arablou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib35","first-page":"131","article-title":"The effects of ginger on fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein a-I, and malondialdehyde in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"14","author":"Khandouzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib36","first-page":"87","article-title":"The effect of ginger on blood lipid and lipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized clinical controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Talaei","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Food Secur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.01.013","article-title":"The effect of ginger on diabetic nephropathy, plasma antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in rats","volume":"101","author":"Afshari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.3923\/pjn.2012.1107.1112","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of ginger extract on Streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"11","author":"Abdullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pakistan J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074_bib39","first-page":"201","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of ginger in tuberculosis","volume":"13","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Compl. Integr. Med."}],"container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1744388126000320?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1744388126000320?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:12:08Z","timestamp":1787382728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1744388126000320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S1744388126000320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074","relation":{},"ISSN":["1744-3881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1744-3881","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Daily ginger supplementation improves plasma cholesterol efflux capacity and reduces oxidative stress in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctcp.2026.102074","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102074"}}