{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T09:57:15Z","timestamp":1774778235905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T12:16:52Z","timestamp":1571919412000},"page":"102224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Essential oils as topical anti-infective agents: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Serawit","family":"Deyno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Mtewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abiy","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariya","family":"Hymete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eyasu","family":"Makonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Bazira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"Alele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0005","series-title":"The Encyclopedia of essential oils: The complete guide to the use of aromatic oils in aromatherapy, herbalism, health, and well being","author":"Lawless","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0010","series-title":"Acupressure with essential oils: A self-care guide to enhance your health and lift your spirit--With 24 common conditions: North Atlantic books","author":"Ty-Kisera","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.05.055","article-title":"A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils","volume":"62","author":"Raut","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp151043","article-title":"Essentials of essential oils","volume":"74","author":"Manion","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0025","first-page":"4","article-title":"Commercial essential oils as potential antimicrobials to treat skin diseases","volume":"4517971","author":"Orchard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"5 (Supplementary)","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0030","first-page":"1997","article-title":"Essential oils showing in vitro anti MRSA and synergistic activity with penicillin group of antibiotics","volume":"30","author":"Uzair","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.763219","article-title":"Synergy between essential oil components and antibiotics: A review","volume":"40","author":"Langeveld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7329","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20047329","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their isolated constituents against cariogenic Bacteria: A systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Freires","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0045","first-page":"197","article-title":"Gingival health benefits of essential oil, 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride and control mouthrinses: A 4-week randomized clinical study","volume":"28","author":"Charles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0454-6","article-title":"The effects of essential oil mouthrinses with or without alcohol on plaque and gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical study","volume":"18","author":"Lynch","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2017.12.012","article-title":"Aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil and the prevention of disability in ADL in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Nasiri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2008.06704.x","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory potential of a lipolotion containing coriander oil in the ultraviolet erythema test","volume":"6","author":"Reuter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0065","first-page":"715","article-title":"The myrtus communis L. Solution versus ketoconazole shampoo in treatment of dandruff: A double blinded randomized clinical trial","volume":"68","author":"Chaijan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.02.011","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the effect of an essential oil\u2013containing mouthrinse on gingivitis and plaque","volume":"146","author":"Araujo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0075","series-title":"Essential oils as topical anti-infective agents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials protocols","author":"Deyno","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0085","first-page":"69","article-title":"Application of the essential oil from copaiba (Copaifera langsdori Desf.) for acne vulgaris: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"da Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.30646","article-title":"The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"73","author":"Enshaieh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000362491","article-title":"Comparison of clinical and histological effects between lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa and tea tree oil for the treatment of acne: An eight-week double-blind randomized controlled split-face study","volume":"229","author":"Kwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.12465","article-title":"Tea tree oil gel for mild to moderate acne; a 12 week uncontrolled, open-label phase II pilot study","volume":"58","author":"Malhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-200222050-00005","article-title":"Preliminary clinical tests on topical preparations of Ocimum gratissimum linn leaf essential oil for the treatment of acne vulgaris","volume":"22","author":"Orafidiya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks501","article-title":"Tea tree oil (5%) body wash versus standard care (Johnson\u2019s Baby Softwash) to prevent colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in critically ill adults: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"68","author":"Blackwood","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.01.008","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of tea tree topical preparations versus a standard topical regimen for the clearance of MRSA colonization","volume":"56","author":"Dryden","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(00)90830-2","article-title":"Tea tree oil as an alternative topical decolonization agent for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"46","author":"Caelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2011.00801.x","article-title":"Uncontrolled, open-label, pilot study of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil solution in the decolonisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus positive wounds and its influence on wound healing","volume":"8","author":"Edmondson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0130","first-page":"7","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of topical tea tree preparation for MRSA colonized wounds","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0135","article-title":"Efficacy of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil in the treatment of facial seborrheic dermatitis: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial","author":"Roy Beheshti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Plants"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-0960.2002.00590.x","article-title":"Treatment of interdigital tinea pedis with 25% and 50% tea tree oil solution: A randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study","volume":"43","author":"Satchell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.122734","article-title":"Treatment of dandruff with 5% tea tree oil shampoo","volume":"47","author":"Satchell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1999.00396.x","article-title":"Treatment of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in cream","volume":"4","author":"Syed","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0155","first-page":"226","article-title":"Anti-dandruff hair tonic containing lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil","volume":"22","author":"Chaisripipat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forsch Komplementmed"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.1992.tb00103.x","article-title":"Tea tree oil in the treatment of tinea pedis","volume":"33","author":"Tong","year":"1992","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20131800","article-title":"Treatment of pityriasis versicolor with topical application of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf - therapeutic pilot study","volume":"88","author":"Carmo","year":"2013","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.11138\/orl\/2017.10.1.059","article-title":"A comparative study of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of mouthrinse containing tea tree oil","volume":"10","author":"Salvatori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Implantol (Rome)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nano7070194","article-title":"Development of poly(lactic acid)\/Chitosan fibers loaded with essential oil for antimicrobial applications","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0180","article-title":"Complementary therapies for acne vulgaris","volume":"1","author":"Cao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-4562(01)80024-2","article-title":"Tea tree oil as an alternative topical decolonization agent for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"11","author":"Caelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Aromather"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(98)90135-9","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tea tree oil as a topical antimicrobial agent","volume":"40","author":"Carson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq146","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1086\/520663","article-title":"Mupirocin resistance in patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a surgical intensive care unit","volume":"45","author":"Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3880","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00846-07","article-title":"Mupirocin-resistant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in Canadian hospitals","volume":"51","author":"Simor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02419-14","article-title":"Prevalence of chlorhexidine-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus following prolonged exposure","volume":"58","author":"Schlett","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2018.03.004","article-title":"Aromatherapy, botanicals, and essential oils in acne","volume":"36","author":"Winkelman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijat.2004.09.003","article-title":"Essential oils in infectious gynaecological disease: A statistical study of 658 cases","volume":"14","author":"Arnal-Schnebelen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Aromather"}],"container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229919312683?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229919312683?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T17:12:44Z","timestamp":1760807564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965229919312683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0965229919312683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224","relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2299","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Essential oils as topical anti-infective agents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102224","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102224"}}