{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:47:11Z","timestamp":1787165231116,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007199","name":"Utah Agricultural Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T11:59:56Z","timestamp":1643889596000},"page":"102813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A pilot observational study of recreational trail riding for Veterans with addictive disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Karl H.","family":"Hoopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makenna","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Marchand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katryna","family":"Joubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Nazarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Klinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-09-00132","article-title":"Substance use and mental health trends among U.S. military active duty personnel: key findings from the 2008 DoD Health Behavior Survey","volume":"175","author":"Bray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2010.12.032","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of alcohol misuse among returning Afghanistan and Iraq veterans","volume":"36","author":"Burnett-Zeigler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxu014","article-title":"Alcohol use and substance use disorders in Gulf War, Afghanistan, and Iraq war veterans compared with nondeployed military personnel","volume":"37","author":"Kelsall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12319","article-title":"The epidemiology of substance use disorders in US veterans: a systematic review and analysis of assessment methods","volume":"25","author":"Lan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S116720","article-title":"Substance use disorders in military veterans: prevalence and treatment challenges","volume":"8","author":"Teeters","year":"2017","journal-title":"Subst Abus Rehabil"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib6","first-page":"S337","article-title":"Factors associated with the outcome of drug addiction treatment","volume":"25","author":"Delic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib7","first-page":"7","article-title":"Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems and barriers to care","author":"Hoge","year":"2008","journal-title":"US Army Med Dept J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.004792011","article-title":"Are Iraq and Afghanistan veterans using mental health services? New data from a national random-sample survey","volume":"64","author":"Elbogen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0224-0","article-title":"New findings on biological factors predicting addiction relapse vulnerability","volume":"13","author":"Sinha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib10","unstructured":"Equine Therapy to Treat Members of the Armed Forces; 2015. \u3008https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/congressional-report\/114th-congress\/house-report\/102\/1\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2470547021991556","article-title":"Equine-assisted activities and therapies for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: current state, challenges and future directions","volume":"5","author":"Marchand","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chronic Stress"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2015.08.003","article-title":"Project stride: an equine-assisted intervention to reduce symptoms of social anxiety in young women","volume":"11","author":"Alfonso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Explore"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21990","article-title":"Equine-assisted therapy for anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms","volume":"28","author":"Earles","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e557","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz444","article-title":"Equine-assisted therapy for veterans with PTSD: manual development and preliminary findings","volume":"185","author":"Arnon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr2003-226","article-title":"Effects of horseback riding therapy on quality of life in patients post stroke","volume":"20","author":"Beinotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2014.0061","article-title":"Therapeutic horseback riding in breast cancer survivors: a pilot study","volume":"20","author":"Cerulli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alter Complement Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317518772052","article-title":"Influence of an equine-assisted activities program on dementia-specific quality of life","volume":"33","author":"Fields","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Dement"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203943","article-title":"Evaluation of an equine-assisted therapy program for veterans who identify as 'wounded, injured or ill' and their partners","volume":"13","author":"Romaniuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of equine-assisted therapy on the functionality of individuals with disabilities: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Prieto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2019.07.002","article-title":"An equine-assisted therapy intervention to improve pain, range of motion, and quality of life in adults and older adults with arthritis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"White-Lewis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2018.11.001","article-title":"Efficacy of equine-assisted psychotherapy in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"17","author":"Burton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Integr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usz036","article-title":"Equine assisted therapy for patients with post traumatic stress disorder: a case series study","volume":"184","author":"Shelef","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2018.01.011","article-title":"The effects of equine assisted therapy on plasma cortisol and oxytocin concentrations and heart rate variability in horses and measures of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in veterans","volume":"64","author":"Malinowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib24","first-page":"3","article-title":"Effects of therapeutic horseback riding on post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans","volume":"5","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S403","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usx153","article-title":"TRR\u2019s warrior camp: an intensive treatment program for combat trauma in active military and veterans of all eras","volume":"183","author":"Steele","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib26","first-page":"64","article-title":"Can praxis: a model of equine assisted learning (EAL) for PTSD","volume":"14","author":"Duncan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Mil J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/0164212X.2017.1283282","article-title":"Using therapeutic riding as an intervention for combat veterans: an international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) approach","volume":"33","author":"Lanning","year":"2017","journal-title":"Occup Ther Ment Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2020.01.005","article-title":"Acceptability of an adjunct equine-assisted activities and therapies program for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and\/or traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Sylvia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Integr Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000359","article-title":"Pilot testing a manualized equine-facilitated cognitive processing therapy (EF-CPT) intervention for PTSD in veterans","volume":"42","author":"Wharton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vii","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2013.07.0159","article-title":"Guest editorial: examining effects of equine-assisted activities to help combat veterans improve quality of life","volume":"50","author":"Lanning","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-015-0043-4","article-title":"Substance use disorder treatment retention and completion: a prospective study of horse-assisted therapy (HAT) for young adults","volume":"10","author":"Kern-Godal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib32","first-page":"99","article-title":"More than just a break from treatment: how substance use disorder patients experience the stable environment in horse-assisted therapy","volume":"10","author":"Kern-Godal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Subst Abus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31636","DOI":"10.3402\/qhw.v11.31636","article-title":"Contribution of the patient-horse relationship to substance use disorder treatment: patients\u2019 experiences","volume":"11","author":"Kern-Godal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-020-0183-z","article-title":"Complementary horse-assisted therapy for substance use disorders: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Gatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813_bib35","article-title":"Ride utah! Resilience-building horse rides for military personnel and families","volume":"58","author":"Hoopes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Ext"}],"container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229922000152?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229922000152?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T17:17:54Z","timestamp":1760807874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965229922000152"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0965229922000152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813","relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2299","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A pilot observational study of recreational trail riding for Veterans with addictive disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2022.102813","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102813"}}