{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:35:11Z","timestamp":1792118111316,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T19:53:39Z","timestamp":1692820419000},"page":"102976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Relieving psychological stress and improving sleep quality by bergamot essential oil use before bedtime and upon awakening: A randomized crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9738-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Wakui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Togawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotoha","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raini","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aika","family":"Okami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Shirozu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Yamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Machida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13074","article-title":"Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy","volume":"29","author":"Cellini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2020-0008","article-title":"\"Pandemic fear\" and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies","volume":"42","author":"Ornell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.12.008","article-title":"Sleeping when the world locks down: correlates of sleep health during the COVID-19 pandemic across 59 countries","volume":"7","author":"Yuksel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113076","article-title":"Insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Greek population","volume":"289","author":"Voitsidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","article-title":"Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"3","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2001.93.3.713","article-title":"Reduction of mental stress with lavender odorant","volume":"93","author":"Motomura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2021.11.002","article-title":"The effects of aroma essential oil inhalation on stress, pain, and sleep quality in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients: A randomized controlled trial.","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Nurs Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2020.12.012","article-title":"The effects of lavender and chamomile essential oil inhalation aromatherapy on depression, anxiety and stress in older community-dwelling people: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"18","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Explor (NY)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(00)00308-5","article-title":"Ambient odor of orange in a dental office reduces anxiety and improves mood in female patients","volume":"71","author":"Lehrner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122374","article-title":"Citrus essential oils in aromatherapy: therapeutic effects and mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxid (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000024652","article-title":"A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the clinical effects of aroma inhalation therapy on sleep problems","volume":"100","author":"Cheong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med (Balt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2021.102726","article-title":"Lavender essential oil on postmenopausal women with insomnia: Double-blind randomized trial","volume":"59","author":"Dos Reis Lucena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2005.11.631","article-title":"A single-blinded, randomized pilot study evaluating the aroma of Lavandula augustifolia as a treatment for mild insomnia","volume":"11","author":"Lewith","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Alter Complement Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.04.013","article-title":"Beneficial effects of Silexan on sleep are mediated by its anxiolytic effect","volume":"115","author":"Seifritz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2019.0222","article-title":"Trial of essential oils to improve sleep for patients in cardiac rehabilitation","volume":"25","author":"McDonnell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Alter Complement Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib16","article-title":"The effect of bergamot essential oil aromatherapy on improving depressive mood and sleep quality in postpartum women: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib17","first-page":"S152","article-title":"Effect of inhaling bergamot oil on depression-related behaviors in chronic stressed rats","volume":"98","author":"Saiyudthong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib18","first-page":"43","article-title":"Effects of bergamot (Citrus bergamia (Risso) Wright & Arn.) essential oil aromatherapy on mood states, parasympathetic nervous system activity, and salivary cortisol levels in 41 healthy females","volume":"22","author":"Watanabe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forsch Komplementmed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib19","unstructured":"School of Health, Akita University School of Medicine. Mental health effects of acute changes in social living by covid19 of the mental and body survey of akita university students. Accessed 12 April 2023. \u3008https:\/\/mainichi.jp\/articles\/20200831\/k00\/00m\/040\/011000c\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib20","first-page":"401","article-title":"Standardization of revised version of OSA sleep inventory for middle age and aged","volume":"10","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Sci Ment Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib21","series-title":"Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS)","author":"Lovibond","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006824100041","article-title":"A measure of subjective happiness: preliminary reliability and construct validation","volume":"46","author":"Lyubomirsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib24","unstructured":"Japan Organization of Better Sleep. OSA sleep inventory MA version. Accessed 12 April 2023. \u3008https:\/\/www.jobs.gr.jp\/osa_ma.html\u3009."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3239","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27103239","article-title":"A Comparative study on relieving exercise-induced fatigue by inhalation of different citrus essential oils","volume":"27","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/HNP.0000000000000501","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of lavender aroma on fatigue among hemodialysis patients","volume":"36","author":"Rahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Holist Nurs Pr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450111314080007","article-title":"Aromatherapy and the central nerve system (CNS): therapeutic mechanism and its associated genes","volume":"14","author":"Lv","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1080\/15402000701557383","article-title":"The effect of psychosocial stress on sleep: a review of polysomnographic evidence","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.837","article-title":"Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression","volume":"156","author":"Kendler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.191","article-title":"The effects of stressful life events on depression","volume":"48","author":"Kessler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib31","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Status of Number of Mental Illness Patients. Accessed 12 April 2023. \u3008https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/wp\/hakusyo\/kousei\/18\/backdata\/01\u201301-02\u201309.html\u3009."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9260","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19159260","article-title":"How does hedonic aroma impact long-term anxiety, depression, and quality of life in women with breast cancer? a cross-lagged panel model analysis","volume":"19","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16214185","article-title":"Effects of aromatherapy combined with music therapy on anxiety, stress, and fundamental nursing skills in nursing students: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Son","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5806","article-title":"Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) essential oil inhalation improves positive feelings in the waiting room of a mental health treatment center: a pilot study","volume":"31","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib35","first-page":"2475","article-title":"Effect of Citrus aurantium aroma on the happiness of pre-hospital emergency staff: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Ghods","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthc (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2010.02.005","article-title":"Polysomnography","volume":"31","author":"Jafari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2013.08.27.49.35.e7649","article-title":"Causes and consequences of sleep deprivation in hospitalised patients","volume":"27","author":"Pilkington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nurs Stand"}],"container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229923000638?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229923000638?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T17:19:09Z","timestamp":1760807949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965229923000638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0965229923000638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976","relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2299","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Relieving psychological stress and improving sleep quality by bergamot essential oil use before bedtime and upon awakening: A randomized crossover trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102976","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102976"}}