{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:26:29Z","timestamp":1786987589708,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSN2511013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSN2511013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:47:48Z","timestamp":1755650868000},"page":"103232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effectiveness and safety of light therapy for treating primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7273-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Ang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5717-5117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunhye","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5192-4391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunmi","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3534-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib1","series-title":"Dysmenorrhea. Treasure island","author":"Nagy","year":"2023"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2016.12.023","article-title":"No. 345-Primary dysmenorrhea consensus guideline","volume":"39","author":"Burnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib3","first-page":"285","article-title":"Dysmenorrhea","volume":"71","author":"French","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2013.11.008","article-title":"Dysmenorrhea, absenteeism from school, and symptoms suspicious for endometriosis in adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Zannoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pedia Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxt009","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of dysmenorrhea","volume":"36","author":"Ju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.16921","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"323","author":"Kho","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2347","article-title":"Evaluation of contraceptive efficacy and cycle control of a transdermal contraceptive patch vs an oral contraceptive: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"285","author":"Audet","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2006.06.005","article-title":"Managing primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"19","author":"Doty","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pedia Adolesc Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.07.041","article-title":"Acupuncture in patients with dysmenorrhea: a randomized study on clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in usual care","volume":"198","author":"Witt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.04.001","article-title":"Physical activity for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"219","author":"Matthewman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib11","first-page":"343","article-title":"Continuous low-level topical heat in the treatment of dysmenorrhea","volume":"97","author":"Akin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.04.031","article-title":"Evidence-Based consensus on the clinical application of photobiomodulation","author":"Maghfour","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04458-z","article-title":"Effectiveness of low-laser therapy on cutaneomucosal lesions in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: a scoping review","volume":"40","author":"Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-019-02779-4","article-title":"Effects of photobiomodulation in the treatment of fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"35","author":"Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.09.031","article-title":"Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in bone repair: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Escudero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0454-7","article-title":"The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy","volume":"40","author":"Chung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib17","first-page":"41","article-title":"Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) in skin: stimulating, healing, restoring","volume":"32","author":"Avci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-023-01089-8","article-title":"A comprehensive overview of the neural mechanisms of light therapy","volume":"40","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an r package and shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-012-2380-9","article-title":"Skin adhesive low-level light therapy for dysmenorrhoea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial","volume":"286","author":"Shin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.08.004","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of self-adhesive low-level light therapy in women with primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"133","author":"Hong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics11020136","article-title":"Bypassing the heat risk and efficacy limitations of pulsed 630 nm LED photobiomodulation therapy for Anti-Primary dysmenorrhea: a prospective randomized Cross-Over trial","volume":"11","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photonics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib25","first-page":"6","article-title":"Laser needle acupuncture in women with dysmenorrhoea: a randomised controlled double blind pilot trial [Lasernadel-Akupunktur bei Frauen mit Dysmenorrhoe: Eine randomisierte kontrollierte doppelblinde Pilotstudie]","volume":"16","author":"Kempf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Forsch Komplementmed"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-021-03490-z","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of low-level light therapy and ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel combined oral contraceptive for clinical efficacy and regulation of serum biochemical parameters in primary dysmenorrhoea: a prospective randomised multicentre trial","volume":"37","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S367051","article-title":"Effect of low-power visible-light-activated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on primary dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Women\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib28","article-title":"Metabolomic study combined with the low-level light therapy of Chinese acupuncture points and combined oral contraceptives in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib29","article-title":"Exploration of new models for primary dysmenorrhea treatment: low-power visible-light-activated photodynamic therapy and oral contraceptives","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib30","first-page":"668","article-title":"Curative effect observation of He-Ne laser for treating primary dysmenorrhea [Chinese article]","volume":"26","author":"Feng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mod Med Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.1742","article-title":"High-intensity laser therapy versus pulsed electromagnetic field in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea","volume":"29","author":"Thabet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib32","first-page":"143","article-title":"Effect of pulsed High-Intensity laser therapy combined with exercise protocol in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"Thabet","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Complement Med Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib33","first-page":"112","article-title":"Clinical research into ganglion stellatum by spot type linear polarized light for the treatment of essential dysmenorrhea [chinese article]","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin Med Dig (Pedia)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-019-0869-z","article-title":"Laser light therapy in inflammatory, musculoskeletal, and autoimmune disease","volume":"19","author":"Wickenheisser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib35","first-page":"282","article-title":"Low-intensity LASER and LED (photobiomodulation therapy) for pain control of the most common musculoskeletal conditions","volume":"58","author":"Deo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-023-00458-8","article-title":"Phototherapy techniques for the management of musculoskeletal disorders: strategies and recent advances","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomater Res"}],"container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229925001074?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229925001074?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T10:09:09Z","timestamp":1772878149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965229925001074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0965229925001074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232","relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2299","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness and safety of light therapy for treating primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103232","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103232"}}