{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T17:10:00Z","timestamp":1793985000364,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSN2213010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSN2213010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022M3A9E4017033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022M3A9E4017033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T22:54:31Z","timestamp":1758063271000},"page":"103243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Boram","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan-Young","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon Kyoung","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Sclocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Braden","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Napadow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hojun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib1","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia","author":"Francis","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16055","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia: advances in diagnosis and therapy","volume":"11","author":"Talley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1159\/000532082","article-title":"Functional dyspepsia: current understanding and future perspective","volume":"105","author":"Oshima","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002548","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation is effective for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: a multicenter, randomized controlled study","volume":"119","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-023-02935-9","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome measures in functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and COSMIN analysis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib6","first-page":"222","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of functional dyspepsia","volume":"115","author":"Madisch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000539","article-title":"Complementary and alternative Medicine for functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"115","author":"Deutsch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234-023-00130-5","article-title":"Non-invasive neuromodulation: an emerging intervention for visceral pain in gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"9","author":"Alam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioelectron Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00284","article-title":"Critical review of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation: challenges for translation to clinical practice","volume":"14","author":"Yap","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-020-00619-y","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: from concept to application","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.765106","article-title":"Use of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation as an adjuvant therapy for the depressive symptoms of COVID-19: a literature review","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.07.013","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) might be a mechanism behind the analgesic effects of auricular acupuncture","volume":"10","author":"Usichenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.06.004","article-title":"The strange case of the ear and the heart: the auricular vagus nerve and its influence on cardiac control","volume":"199","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0174568","article-title":"Effects and mechanisms of auricular electroacupuncture on gastric hypersensitivity in a rodent model of functional dyspepsia","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/786839","article-title":"Auricular acupuncture and vagal regulation","volume":"2012","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G700","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00426.2020","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation improves functional dyspepsia by enhancing vagal efferent activity","volume":"320","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical application of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: a scoping review","author":"Gerges","year":"2024","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.05.048","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"337","author":"Tan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-082906","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) in the treatment of tinnitus: protocol for an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2024.05.005","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy","volume":"119","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.02.011","article-title":"Gastroduodenal disorders","volume":"150","author":"Stanghellini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00445.x","article-title":"Development of a new dyspepsia impact scale: the nepean dyspepsia index","volume":"13","author":"Talley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aliment Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Method"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib28","unstructured":"{C}{C}{C}{C}Higgins J.P.T., Li T., Deeks J.J.{C}{C}{C}{C} (editors). Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023. Available from \u3008www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook\u3009."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence","volume":"64","author":"Balshem","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib30","first-page":"135","article-title":"Clinical study on Point-Pressing massage along meridians combined with transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation for postpartum functional dyspepsia","volume":"56","author":"Jian","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib31","series-title":"The clinical effect and mechanism of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulationin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia","author":"Shen","year":"2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wjam.2021.05.014","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for functional dyspepsia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artic World J Acupunct Moxibustion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib33","series-title":"Effect and central mechanism via fMRI of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on functional dyspepsia","author":"Zhou","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G700","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00426.2020","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation improves functional dyspepsia by enhancing vagal efferent activity","volume":"320","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Artic Am J Physiol Gastrointest liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib35","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020253","article-title":"Auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves visceral hypersensitivity and gastric motility and Depression-like behaviors via Vago-Vagal pathway in a rat model of functional dyspepsia","volume":"13","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.1089","article-title":"The nerve supply of the human auricle","volume":"15","author":"Peuker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00854","article-title":"Current directions in the auricular vagus nerve stimulation I - a physiological perspective","volume":"13","author":"Kaniusas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib39","first-page":"145","article-title":"Vagal regulation of acid secretion and gastrin release","volume":"67","author":"Debas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00044","article-title":"Vagus nerve as modulator of the Brain-Gut axis in psychiatric and inflammatory disorders","volume":"9","author":"Breit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib41","article-title":"Safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib42","article-title":"International consensus based review and recommendations for minimum reporting standards in research on transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (Version 2020)","volume":"14","author":"Farmer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2003.10.016","article-title":"Assessment of blinding in clinical trials","volume":"25","author":"Bang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"}],"container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229925001190?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229925001190?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T07:04:55Z","timestamp":1773126295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965229925001190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0965229925001190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243","relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2299","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for functional dyspepsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103243","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103243"}}