{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T11:38:50Z","timestamp":1776512330748,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003061","name":"Erasmus MC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T15:07:10Z","timestamp":1774883230000},"page":"103371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of AI-composed music on emotional and physiological states in healthy volunteers: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Antonia S.","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emy S.","family":"van der Valk Bouman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babette","family":"van Eekelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roos","family":"Geensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Schaap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Klimek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10853","article-title":"Meta-analysis evaluating music interventions for anxiety and pain in surgery","volume":"105","author":"K\u00fchlmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003506","article-title":"The effect of perioperative music on medication requirement and hospital length of stay: a meta-analysis","volume":"272","author":"Fu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"10004","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60169-6","article-title":"Music as an aid for postoperative recovery in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"386","author":"Hole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2025.103221","article-title":"Effect of intraoperative music intervention on anxiety and pain control in patients undergoing kidney surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","author":"Lou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib5","article-title":"Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"2014","author":"Bradt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib6","article-title":"Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in people with cancer","volume":"10","author":"Bradt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.649840","article-title":"The use of music in the treatment and management of serious mental illness: a global scoping review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Golden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib8","series-title":"Music in Everyday Life","author":"DeNora","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib9","unstructured":"Levitin D.J., I Heard There Was A Secret Chord: Music as Medicine: Penguin Canada; 2024. ISBN-13: 978-0735246164."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib10","series-title":"What is the evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being? A scoping review","author":"Fancourt","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001452","article-title":"Music-induced analgesia: how does music relieve pain?","volume":"160","author":"Lunde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3666","article-title":"Brain correlates of music-evoked emotions","volume":"15","author":"Koelsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.04.003","article-title":"Emotional valence contributes to music-induced analgesia","volume":"134","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2019.100191","article-title":"Neurobiological links between stress and anxiety","volume":"11","author":"Daviu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.02.004","article-title":"Emotion regulation and anxiety disorders","volume":"22","author":"Amstadter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e532","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdad059","article-title":"Music therapy for health workers to reduce stress, mental workload and anxiety: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Colin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Public Health (Oxf)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.7453\/gahmj.2014.073","article-title":"Heart rate variability: new perspectives on physiological mechanisms, assessment of self-regulatory capacity, and health risk","volume":"4","author":"McCraty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Adv Health Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01040","article-title":"A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib19","article-title":"Can music influence cardiac autonomic system? A systematic review and narrative synthesis to evaluate its impact on heart rate variability","volume":"39","author":"Mojtabavi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pr"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv430","article-title":"Music and the heart","volume":"36","author":"Koelsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12684","article-title":"Music-evoked emotions: principles, brain correlates, and implications for therapy","volume":"1337","author":"Koelsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.70095","article-title":"Self-chosen music as a contributor to music-induced analgesia across diverse socio-cultural backgrounds: a crossover randomised controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Becker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.07.008","article-title":"Standardizing music characteristics for the management of pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","volume":"41","author":"Martin-Saavedra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-72882-2","article-title":"The impact of different music genres on pain tolerance: emphasizing the significance of individual music genre preferences","volume":"14","author":"Van der Valk Bouman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87943-z","article-title":"Preferred musical attribute dimensions underlie individual differences in music-induced analgesia","volume":"11","author":"Basi\u0144ski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2023.106381","article-title":"Effects of participant-selected versus researcher-selected music on stress and mood \u2013 The role of gender","volume":"158","author":"Maidhof","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib27","article-title":"Music in healthcare: investigating music preferences for pain management across twenty countries","volume":"29","author":"Becker","year":"2025","journal-title":"SSM - Popul Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027241","article-title":"Music and emotions in the brain: familiarity matters","volume":"6","author":"Pereira","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00686","article-title":"Neural correlates of familiarity in music listening: a systematic review and a neuroimaging meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Freitas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.7861\/futurehosp.6-2-94","article-title":"The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare","volume":"6","author":"Davenport","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-023-04698-z","article-title":"Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice","volume":"23","author":"Alowais","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2020.497864","article-title":"On the use of AI for Generation of Functional Music to Improve Mental Health","volume":"3","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Artif Intell"},{"issue":"11 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03241.x","article-title":"Changes in heart rate variability with age","volume":"19","author":"Reardon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104696","article-title":"Recognition of human emotions using EEG signals: a review","volume":"136","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173392","article-title":"Developing a benchmark for emotional analysis of music","volume":"12","author":"Aljanaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2015.03.004","article-title":"Studying emotion induced by music through a crowdsourcing game","volume":"52","author":"Anna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inf Process Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib37","series-title":"Music And Emotion: Theory and research","article-title":"The influence of musical structure on emotional expression","author":"Gabrielsson","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02044","article-title":"Emotional responses to music: shifts in frontal brain asymmetry mark periods of musical change","volume":"8","author":"Arjmand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juslin P., Sloboda J. Music and Emotion. 2013. p. 583-645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-381460-9.00015-8.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-381460-9.00015-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1177\/0305735620906887","article-title":"Affective experiences to chords are modulated by mode, meter, tempo, and subjective entrainment","volume":"49","author":"Labb\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Music"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib41","unstructured":"ErasMusicLab MOTION soundtrack: LAIFE; 2024 [Available from: \u3008https:\/\/ditto.fm\/erasmusic-lab-motion-soundtrack]\u3009."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","article-title":"Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential","volume":"25","author":"Bradley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1177\/1029864915620264","article-title":"Consolation through music: a survey study","volume":"20","author":"Hanser","year":"2016","journal-title":"Musica Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258","article-title":"An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms","volume":"5","author":"Shaffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868","article-title":"Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use","volume":"17","author":"Malik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.07.024","article-title":"Kubios HRV--heart rate variability analysis software","volume":"113","author":"Tarvainen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Methods Prog Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12922","article-title":"Emotional valence perception in music and subjective arousal: experimental validation of stimuli","author":"Hofbauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1037\/xap0000447","article-title":"AI composer bias: listeners like music less when they think it was composed by an AI","volume":"29","author":"Shank","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhk024","article-title":"Neural correlates of processing valence and arousal in affective words","volume":"17","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-097233","article-title":"Perceptions of music listening for pain management: a multi-method study","volume":"15","author":"Van der Valk Bouman","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-022-00578-5","article-title":"Music in the brain","volume":"23","author":"Vuust","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/0305735618755886","article-title":"Cultural stereotyping of emotional responses to music genre","volume":"47","author":"Susino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Music"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2013.09.004","article-title":"An exploration of heart rate response to differing music rhythm and tempos","volume":"20","author":"da Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"issue":"ement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib54","article-title":"Listen to your heart: the effect of music on heart rate variability","volume":"45","author":"Marsman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371_bib55","article-title":"A multidisciplinary approach on music induced-analgesia differentiated by socio-cultural background in healthy volunteers (MOSART): a cross-over randomized controlled trial protocol","volume":"39","author":"Becker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Conte Clin Trials Commun"}],"container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229926000543?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229926000543?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T10:40:12Z","timestamp":1776508812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965229926000543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0965229926000543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2299","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of AI-composed music on emotional and physiological states in healthy volunteers: A pilot study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103371","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103371"}}