{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:50:29Z","timestamp":1791571829317,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015285","name":"Hebei Province Medical Science Research Key Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20270686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20270686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:08:37Z","timestamp":1789024117000},"page":"103434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exercise snacking for chronic conditions and cardiometabolic risk: An evidence map and scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Ding","family":"Yihua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cui","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Yuxuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhu","family":"Yaqin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Yanhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases. 2025. Available from: (https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/noncommunicable-diseases)."},{"issue":"10258","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Diseases And Injuries Collaborators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib3","article-title":"Trends in major non-communicable diseases and related risk factors in China 2002-2019: an analysis of nationally representative survey data","volume":"43","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-68197-z","article-title":"Quality of life and multiple long-term conditions in Southeast Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Ikhile","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0346341","article-title":"Catastrophic health care expenditure among older people with non-communicable diseases in 11 European Union Member States","volume":"21","author":"Kutluer","year":"2026","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108247","article-title":"Contemporary national and international guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour for people living with chronic conditions, disability and advanced age: a scoping review","volume":"59","author":"Ranasinghe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00547-y","article-title":"Sit less and move more for cardiovascular health: emerging insights and opportunities","volume":"18","author":"Dunstan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1249\/FIT.0000000000001110","article-title":"R. 2026 ACSM Worldwide Fitness Trends: Future Directions of the Health and Fitness Industry","volume":"29","author":"McAvoy","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACSM's Health Fit J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1518285","article-title":"Physical activity as clinical practice care for patients with type 2 diabetics and its implementation in routine clinical care: an expert opinion survey","volume":"16","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-026-04237-5","article-title":"Physical activity for public health in the 21st century","volume":"32","author":"Salvo","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106189","article-title":"Adherence to aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3.3 million participants across 32 countries","volume":"57","author":"Garcia-Hermoso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib12","first-page":"390","article-title":"World Health Organization guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108947","article-title":"Impact of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"59","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.121.008243","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of 5 exercise types on cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 81 randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Batrakoulis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","article-title":"World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Bull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib16","article-title":"Short bouts of accumulated exercise: review and consensus statement on definition, efficacy, feasibility, practical applications, and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2336","article-title":"Benefits for type 2 diabetes of interrupting prolonged sitting with brief bouts of light walking or simple resistance activities","volume":"39","author":"Dempsey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1410","article-title":"Frequency of interruptions to sitting time: benefits for postprandial metabolism in type 2 diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Homer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib19","first-page":"615","article-title":"Exercise snacks: a novel strategy with both feasibility and health benefits","volume":"40","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Xi' Phys Educ Univ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-025-00829-6","article-title":"Application of exercise snacks across youth, adult and clinical populations: a scoping review","volume":"11","author":"Weston","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.70114","article-title":"Effects of exercise snacks on cardiometabolic health and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Wan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1249\/JES.0000000000000275","article-title":"Exercise snacks: a novel strategy to improve cardiometabolic health","volume":"50","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.1998.00378.x","article-title":"Power output and muscle metabolism during and following recovery from 10 and 20 s of maximal sprint exercise in humans","volume":"163","author":"Bogdanis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0251-4","article-title":"Skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise","volume":"2","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00038.2012","article-title":"Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake","volume":"93","author":"Richter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2016","article-title":"Vascular adaptation to exercise in humans: role of hemodynamic stimuli","volume":"97","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202406631","article-title":"Effects of physical exercise breaks on executive function in a simulated classroom setting: uncovering a window into the brain","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-100168","article-title":"Distinct effects of acute exercise and breaks in sitting on working memory and executive function in older adults: a three-arm, randomised cross-over trial to evaluate the effects of exercise with and without breaks in sitting on cognition","volume":"54","author":"Wheeler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101594","article-title":"The acute effects of physical exercise breaks on cognitive function during prolonged sitting: the first quantitative evidence","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108444","article-title":"Effects of reducing sedentary behaviour by increasing physical activity, on cognitive function, brain function and structure across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Feter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctcp.2022.101553","article-title":"Neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying the effects of physical exercise break on episodic memory during prolonged sitting","volume":"48","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Complement Ther Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2026.101161","article-title":"Guiding functional near-infrared spectroscopy research on sedentary behavior and brain health","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002431","article-title":"Metabolic effect of breaking up prolonged sitting with stair climbing exercise snacks","volume":"53","author":"Rafiei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib34","first-page":"1401","article-title":"Effects of exercise snack program on quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic flexibility in elderly cancer survivors: a preliminary study","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Life(Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01983-1","article-title":"Exercise snacks and other forms of intermittent physical activity for improving health in adults and older adults: a scoping review of epidemiological, experimental and qualitative studies","volume":"54","author":"Jones","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1708301","article-title":"Acute effects of exercise snacks on postprandial glucose and insulin metabolism in adults with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850","article-title":"PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-22-00430","article-title":"The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for randomized controlled trials","volume":"21","author":"Barker","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.11124\/JBIES-23-00268","article-title":"The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for quasi-experimental studies","volume":"22","author":"Barker","year":"2024","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05894-z","article-title":"Effects of thigh muscle activity patterns on blood pressure and edema during interrupted sitting in overweight and obese men","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2023.2177199","article-title":"Effects of accumulated versus continuous individualized exercise on postprandial glycemia in young adults with obesity","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ24-0377","article-title":"Effects of breaking up prolonged sitting via exercise snacks intervention on the body composition and plasma metabolomics of sedentary obese adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-021-1717-0","article-title":"Delivery of home-based exercise interventions in older adults facilitated by Amazon Alexa: a 12-week feasibility trial","volume":"26","author":"Jansons","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22554","article-title":"Interrupting sitting time with simple resistance activities lowers postprandial insulinemia in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"27","author":"Larsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1159\/000505328","article-title":"Can short bouts of exercise (\"exercise snacks\") improve body composition in adolescents with type 1 diabetes? A feasibility study","volume":"92","author":"Hasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.12.006","article-title":"Multiple short bouts of exercise over 12-h period reduce glucose excursions more than an energy-matched single bout of exercise","volume":"63","author":"Holmstrup","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2025.112519","article-title":"Interrupting sitting with moderate-intensity physical activity breaks improves cognitive processing speed in adults with overweight and obesity: findings from the SITLess pilot randomized crossover trial","volume":"209","author":"Pindus","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04169-6","article-title":"Exercise snacking to improve physical function in pre-frail older adult memory clinic patients: a 28-day pilot study","volume":"23","author":"Western","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3244-6","article-title":"Exercise snacks' before meals: a novel strategy to improve glycaemic control in individuals with insulin resistance","volume":"57","author":"Francois","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2016-000232","article-title":"Stair climbing\/descending exercise for a short time decreases blood glucose levels after a meal in people with type 2 diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Honda","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-026-06741-2","article-title":"Exercise snacks performed in real-world settings reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia and glycaemic variability in individuals living with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover study","volume":"69","author":"Babir","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.14283\/jfa.2024.32","article-title":"The efficacy of 12-week progressive home-based strength and tai-chi exercise snacking in older adults: a mixed-method exploratory randomised control trial","volume":"13","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Frailty Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.04.045","article-title":"Effect of short bouts of high intensity activity on glucose among adults with prediabetes: a pilot randomized crossover study","volume":"141","author":"Gay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001315","article-title":"Breaks in sitting time: effects on continuously monitored glucose and blood pressure","volume":"49","author":"Bhammar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"1235","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib56","first-page":"U1996","article-title":"Do snacks of exercise lower blood pressure? A randomised crossover trial","volume":"119","author":"Elley","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib57","article-title":"Effects of 75\u202fmin of weekly exercise snacks on body composition, cardiometabolic health, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower-body explosive power in overweight and obese female university students","volume":"14","author":"Jin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2021-0619","article-title":"Three short postmeal walks as an alternate therapy to continuous walking for women with gestational diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Christie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002903","article-title":"Interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent walking increases postprandial gut hormone responses","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1931","article-title":"Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces postprandial glucose and insulin responses","volume":"35","author":"Dunstan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9294","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.71052","article-title":"Exercise snacks are feasible to perform in the real world and improve physical capacity for adults living with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes: a randomised trial","volume":"28","author":"Babir","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2025.100671","article-title":"Interrupting sitting with moderate-intensity physical activity breaks improves inhibitory control in adults with overweight and obesity: findings from the SITLess pilot randomized crossover trial","volume":"28","author":"Kuang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ment Health Phys Act"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20335","article-title":"Satiety, but not total PYY, is increased with continuous and intermittent exercise","volume":"21","author":"Holmstrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib64","first-page":"151","article-title":"Research progress on exercise snacks application in physical activity among patients with chronic diseases","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"China Nurs Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib65","article-title":"The effectiveness of exercise snacks as a time-efficient treatment for improving cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19537","article-title":"Impact of concurrent aerobic and resistance training on body composition, lipid metabolism and physical function in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2025","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17525","article-title":"Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control, blood pressure, inflammation, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"15-16","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.16087","article-title":"Effects of low-to-moderate physical activities on older adults with chronic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/74071","article-title":"Wearable devices for remote monitoring of chronic diseases: systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Tegegne","year":"2026","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2025.09.002","article-title":"A neurobiological taxonomy of sedentary behavior for brain health","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2024.02.003","article-title":"Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health","volume":"28","author":"Zou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e650","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(26)00142-8","article-title":"Domain-specific physical activity levels and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Feter","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01974-4","article-title":"Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health in patients with diabesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2025.109203","article-title":"Impact of aerobic exercise on cardiometabolic health in patients with diabesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"39","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01909-z","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiometabolic health in patients with diabesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Al-Mhanna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00401-y","article-title":"The effects of accumulated versus continuous exercise on postprandial glycemia, insulin, and triglycerides in adults with or without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJSM.S150596","article-title":"High-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training within cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Hannan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Access J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-022-01245-0","article-title":"The updated consolidated framework for implementation research based on user feedback","volume":"17","author":"Damschroder","year":"2022","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3216","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13243216","article-title":"Exercise snacks as a strategy to interrupt sedentary behavior: a systematic review of health outcomes and feasibility","volume":"13","author":"Alexe","year":"2025","journal-title":"Healthcare"}],"container-title":["Complementary Therapies in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229926001172?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0965229926001172?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:06:50Z","timestamp":1791569210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0965229926001172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S0965229926001172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434","relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2299"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2299","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exercise snacking for chronic conditions and cardiometabolic risk: An evidence map and scoping review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Complementary Therapies in Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2026.103434","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103434"}}