{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T10:32:36Z","timestamp":1773484356749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ctro.science","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T12:09:49Z","timestamp":1673870989000},"page":"100582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Empirical planning target volume modeling for high precision MRI guided intracranial radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3134-3415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Sahgal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9121-6218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahtab M.","family":"Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahareh","family":"Moazen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pejman","family":"Jabehdar Maralani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Breen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9604-394X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angus","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Binda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zain","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5765-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sten","family":"Myrehaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0117-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Detsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hany","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3700-0886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Lin","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Ruschin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0005","first-page":"54","article-title":"Adaptive radiotherapy: The Elekta Unity MR-linac concept","volume":"18","author":"Winkel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.07.021","article-title":"The transformation of radiation oncology using real-time magnetic resonance guidance: A review","volume":"122","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii16","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox006","article-title":"Mr-guided radiation therapy: Transformative technology and its role in the central nervous system","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/153303460400300308","article-title":"The impact of mid-treatment MRI on defining boost volumes in the radiation treatment of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"3","author":"Manon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2013.28.8.1233","article-title":"Interfractional variation of radiation target and adaptive radiotherapy for totally resected glioblastoma","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2020.10.002","article-title":"Quantitating Interfraction Target Dynamics During Concurrent Chemoradiation for Glioblastoma: A Prospective Serial Imaging Study","volume":"109","author":"Stewart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.04.001","article-title":"Evolution of the gross tumour volume extent during radiotherapy for glioblastomas","volume":"160","author":"Bernchou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-021-03938-w","article-title":"Inter-fraction dynamics during post-operative 5 fraction cavity hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy with a MR LINAC: a prospective serial imaging study","volume":"156","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa019","article-title":"A phase I\/II trial of 5-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery with 5-mm margins with concurrent temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: Primary outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Azoulay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0050","unstructured":"Detsky J (2021) NCT04726397 - UNIty-Based MR-Linac Guided AdapTive RadiothErapy for High GraDe Glioma: A Phase 2 Trial (UNITED). In: ClinicalTrials.gov."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E860","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz162","article-title":"Image-Guided, Linac-Based, Surgical Cavity-Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy in 5 Daily Fractions for Brain Metastases","volume":"85","author":"Soliman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1767-4","article-title":"(2015) Hypofractionated radiosurgery has a better safety profile than single fraction radiosurgery for large resected brain metastases","volume":"123","author":"Eaton","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuro-Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.02.007","article-title":"Postoperative Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using 5-Gy \u00d7 5 Sessions in the Management of Brain Metastases","volume":"90","author":"Abuodeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2013.03.037","article-title":"Multidose Stereotactic Radiosurgery (9 Gy \u00d7 3) of the Postoperative Resection Cavity for Treatment of Large Brain Metastases","volume":"86","author":"Minniti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.08.014","article-title":"Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiation Therapy to the Resection Bed for Intracranial Metastases","volume":"99","author":"Keller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.10.076","article-title":"Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy to Large Resection Cavity of Metastatic Brain Tumors","volume":"97","author":"Lima","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.03.018","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of patients with limited brain metastases treated with hypofractionated (5 \u00d7 6 Gy) conformal radiotherapy","volume":"123","author":"Lockney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.4630","article-title":"Multi-institutional Analysis of Prognostic Factors and Outcomes after Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy to the Resection Cavity in Patients with Brain Metastases","volume":"6","author":"Eitz","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/9\/2989","article-title":"Virtual couch shift (VCS): accounting for patient translation and rotation by online IMRT re-optimization","volume":"58","author":"Bol","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.03.004","article-title":"Dosimetric Impact of Using a Virtual Couch Shift for Online Correction of Setup Errors for Brain Patients on an Integrated High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Linear Accelerator","volume":"98","author":"Ruschin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"1060098","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0105","article-title":"High grade glioma radiation therapy on a high field 1.5 Tesla MR-Linac: Workflow and initial experience with daily adapt-to-position (ATP) MR guidance: A first report. Front","volume":"12","author":"Tseng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-020-03605-6","article-title":"Glioma consensus contouring recommendations from a MR-Linac International Consortium Research Group and evaluation of a CT-MRI and MRI-only workflow","volume":"149","author":"Tseng","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.09.047","article-title":"Consensus Contouring Guidelines for Postoperative Completely Resected Cavity Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases","volume":"100","author":"Soliman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.9.JNS171735","article-title":"Does size matter? Investigating the optimal planning target volume margin for postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery to resected brain metastases","volume":"130","author":"Jhaveri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0125","unstructured":"Lanberg T, Chavaudra J, Dobbs J, et al (2016) ICRU Report 50."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.02.059","article-title":"Spatial precision in magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiation therapy: The role of geometric distortion","volume":"95","author":"Weygand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12785","article-title":"Technical Note: On the size of susceptibility-induced MR image distortions in prostate and cervix in the context of MR-guided radiation therapy","volume":"45","author":"Emmerich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.19.2.g99mr07357","article-title":"Chemical shift: The artifact and clinical tool revisited","volume":"19","author":"Hood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205011","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab4540","article-title":"Measurement of isocenter alignment accuracy and image distortion of an 0.35 T MR-Linac system","volume":"64","author":"Dorsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2018.12.011","article-title":"MRI commissioning of 1.5T MR-linac systems \u2013 a multi-institutional study","volume":"132","author":"Tijssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abd3ed","article-title":"End-to-end validation of the geometric dose delivery performance of MR linac adaptive radiotherapy","volume":"66","author":"Bernchou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(01)00371-1","article-title":"Interobserver variations in gross tumor volume delineation of brain tumors on computed tomography and impact of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"60","author":"Weltens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2005.03.012","article-title":"Target delineation in post-operative radiotherapy of brain gliomas: Interobserver variability and impact of image registration of MR(pre-operative) images on treatment planning CT scans","volume":"75","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-015-0439-z","article-title":"Evaluation of variability in target volume delineation for newly diagnosed glioblastoma: A multi-institutional study from the Korean Radiation Oncology Group","volume":"10","author":"Wee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.06.004","article-title":"A comprehensive evaluation of treatment accuracy, including end-to-end tests and clinical data, applied to intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy","volume":"116","author":"Seravalli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140240","article-title":"A planning target volume margin formula for hypofractionated intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy under cone beam CT image guidance with a six-degrees-offreedom robotic couch and a mouthpiece-assisted mask system: A preliminary study","volume":"87","author":"Naoi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.12.003","article-title":"ESTRO-ACROP guideline \u201ctarget delineation of glioblastomas\u201d","volume":"118","author":"Niyazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0190","series-title":"Determining Rational Planning Target Volume Margins for Intracranial Stereotactic Radiotherapy","author":"Li","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.10.030","article-title":"Real-Time Infrared Motion Tracking Analysis for Patients Treated With Gated Frameless Image Guided Stereotactic Radiosurgery","volume":"106","author":"MacDonald","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2019.12.002","article-title":"Adverse Radiation Effect After Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery in 5 Daily Fractions for Surgical Cavities and Intact Brain Metastases","volume":"106","author":"Faruqi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2020.12.011","article-title":"Dosimetric predictors of symptomatic radiation necrosis after five-fraction radiosurgery for brain metastases","volume":"156","author":"Andruska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0210","unstructured":"Single Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery Compared With Fractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Treating Patients With Resected Metastatic Brain Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04114981. Accessed 25 Mar 2022."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(00)00518-6","article-title":"The probability of correct target dosage: Dose-population histograms for deriving treatment margins in radiotherapy","volume":"47","author":"Van Herk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semradonc.2003.10.003","article-title":"Errors and Margins in Radiotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Van Herk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/2\/319","article-title":"Calculating geometrical margins for hypofractionated radiotherapy","volume":"58","author":"Herschtal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405630823000071?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405630823000071?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:11:53Z","timestamp":1762503113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405630823000071"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S2405630823000071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6308"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6308","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Empirical planning target volume modeling for high precision MRI guided intracranial radiotherapy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100582","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100582"}}