{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:29:09Z","timestamp":1793744949576,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012921","name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24550A001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24550A001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012921","name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21393A08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21393A08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","ctro.science","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:07:25Z","timestamp":1788793645000},"page":"101279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tumour hypoxia in clinical oncology: imaging, therapeutic strategies, and translational challenges"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Xuehua","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiti\u00fa \u00d3.","family":"Murch\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard G.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena M.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2010.05.012","article-title":"Tumors as organs: complex tissues that interface with the entire organism","volume":"18","author":"Egeblad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.12.049","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer\u2014then and now, and beyond","volume":"189","author":"Hanahan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0015","first-page":"83","article-title":"The role of hypoxia in cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy","volume":"3","author":"Muz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypoxia (Auckland, NZ)"},{"issue":"1035","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130676","article-title":"Defining normoxia, physoxia and hypoxia in tumours-implications for treatment response","volume":"87","author":"McKeown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00723-021-01383-6","article-title":"Oxygenation status of malignant tumors vs. normal tissues: critical evaluation and updated data source based on direct measurements with pO2 microsensors","volume":"52","author":"Vaupel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Magn Reson"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2016.06.004","article-title":"Cycling hypoxia: A key feature of the tumor microenvironment","volume":"1866","author":"Michiels","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080339","article-title":"Acute vs. chronic vs. cyclic hypoxia: their differential dynamics, molecular mechanisms, and effects on tumor progression","volume":"9","author":"Saxena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-020-01719-5","article-title":"The role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and development of cancer stem cell: a novel approach to developing treatment","volume":"21","author":"Emami Nejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3076","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-0486","article-title":"Multiphoton phosphorescence quenching microscopy reveals kinetics of tumor oxygenation during Antiangiogenesis and angiotensin signaling inhibition","volume":"28","author":"Martin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7492","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab551","article-title":"Replication catastrophe induced by cyclic hypoxia leads to increased APOBEC3B activity","volume":"49","author":"Bader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.08.018","article-title":"Vascular abnormalities associated with acute hypoxia in human melanoma xenografts","volume":"105","author":"Simonsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0060","series-title":"Oxygen transport to tissue XL","first-page":"189","article-title":"Impact of temporal heterogeneity of acute hypoxia on the radiation response of experimental tumors","author":"Xu","year":"2018"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1209","article-title":"Noninvasive imaging of cycling hypoxia in head and neck Cancer using intrinsic susceptibility MRI","volume":"23","author":"Panek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010023","article-title":"Cyclic hypoxia: an update on its characteristics, methods to measure it and biological implications in cancer","volume":"13","author":"Bader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-012-0085-4","article-title":"Acute versus chronic hypoxia in tumors: controversial data concerning time frames and biological consequences","volume":"188","author":"Bayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05537-0","article-title":"HIF-1 and HIF-2 in cancer: structure, regulation, and therapeutic prospects","volume":"82","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adj6409","article-title":"Longitudinal dynamics of the tumor hypoxia response: from enzyme activity to biological phenotype","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030499","article-title":"Tumor hypoxia as a barrier in cancer therapy: why levels matter","volume":"13","author":"Hompland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i90","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrw007","article-title":"The impact of hypoxia and its modification of the outcome of radiotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Horsman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-019-1089-9","article-title":"Role of hypoxia in cancer therapy by regulating the tumor microenvironment","volume":"18","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drup.2021.100787","article-title":"Hypoxia as a driver of resistance to immunotherapy","volume":"59","author":"Kopecka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Resist Updat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2022.12.011","article-title":"Tumor hypoxia: from basic knowledge to therapeutic implications","volume":"88","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0115","article-title":"Hypoxia signaling in cancer: from basics to clinical practice","volume":"27","author":"T\u00edm\u00e1r","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16091729","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent and independent mechanisms underlying chemoresistance of hypoxic cancer cells","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14246054","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor-1: a novel therapeutic target for the management of cancer, drug resistance, and cancer-related pain","volume":"14","author":"Bui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012038","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha determines gastric cancer chemosensitivity via modulation of p53 and NF-kappaB","volume":"5","author":"Rohwer","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110623","article-title":"Hypoxia-mediated cancer stem cell resistance and targeted therapy","volume":"130","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.11.015","article-title":"Cancer stem cells: road to therapeutic resistance and strategies to overcome resistance","volume":"1866","author":"Makena","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"312","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-26-312-638","article-title":"The concentration of oxygen dissolved in tissues at the time of irradiation as a factor in radiotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Gray","year":"1953","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02000-x","article-title":"Interfering with tumor hypoxia for radiotherapy optimization","volume":"40","author":"Telarovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0155","article-title":"A mechanistic investigation of the oxygen fixation hypothesis and oxygen enhancement ratio","volume":"1","author":"Grimes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Phys Eng Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0160","series-title":"Basic clinical Radiobiology","author":"Joiner","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.742215","article-title":"Hypoxia in solid tumors: how low oxygenation impacts the \u201csix Rs\u201d of radiotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Rakotomalala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0227-y","article-title":"Cellular adaptation to hypoxia through hypoxia inducible factors and beyond","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11010112","article-title":"Hypoxic radioresistance: can ROS be the key to overcome it?","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"6382","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade","volume":"359","author":"Ribas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v31.i5.10","article-title":"Microenvironmental hypoxia orchestrating the cell stroma cross talk, tumor progression and antitumor response","volume":"31","author":"Noman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"49","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-023-02869-2","article-title":"Alleviating hypoxia to improve cancer immunotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1994.tb00391.x","article-title":"Positron emission tomography in oncology","volume":"14","author":"Leskinen-Kallio","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Physiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15133336","article-title":"Functional imaging of hypoxia: PET and MRI","volume":"15","author":"Perez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2010.516274","article-title":"Identifying hypoxia in human tumors: A correlation study between 18F-FMISO PET and the Eppendorf oxygen-sensitive electrode","volume":"49","author":"Mortensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4143\/crt.2020.577","article-title":"Targeting hypoxia using Evofosfamide and companion hypoxia imaging of FMISO-PET in advanced biliary tract cancer","volume":"53","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13143449","article-title":"(18)F-FMISO-PET hypoxia monitoring for head-and-neck cancer patients: Radiomics analyses predict the outcome of chemo-radiotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Carles","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2967\/jnmt.120.249540","article-title":"PET\/CT in the evaluation of hypoxia for radiotherapy planning in head and neck tumors: systematic literature review","volume":"49","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nucl Med Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-021-00767-w","article-title":"Comparison of FDG and FMISO uptakes and distributions in head and neck squamous cell cancer tumors","volume":"11","author":"Nehmeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6168","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09572-6","article-title":"PET\/MRI of hypoxia and vascular function in ER-positive breast cancer: correlations with immunohistochemistry","volume":"33","author":"Carmona-Bozo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-018-0970-6","article-title":"Intracellular hypoxia measured by (18)F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography has prognostic impact in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer","volume":"20","author":"Asano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01308","article-title":"Hypoxia-directed treatment of human papillomavirus\u2013related oropharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2436407","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.36407","article-title":"Tumor hypoxia on 18F-fluoromisonidazole positron emission tomography and distant metastasis from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Gui","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-009-1154-5","article-title":"Initial results of hypoxia imaging using 1-alpha-D: -(5-deoxy-5-[18F]-fluoroarabinofuranosyl)-2-nitroimidazole (18F-FAZA)","volume":"36","author":"Postema","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0255","article-title":"Imaging of tumor hypoxia with radionuclide-labeled tracers for PET","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.09.015","article-title":"FAZA PET\/CT hypoxia imaging in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with radiotherapy: results from the DAHANCA 24 trial","volume":"105","author":"Mortensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e349","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001704","article-title":"Concomitant lung cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumor: first report of hypoxia imaging with 18F-FAZA PET\/CT","volume":"42","author":"Mapelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e525","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001850","article-title":"18F-FAZA PET\/CT hypoxia imaging of high-grade glioma before and after radiotherapy","volume":"42","author":"Mapelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000002813","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic analysis of [18F]FAZA dynamic PET imaging acquisitions for highlighting sacrum tumor profiles","volume":"45","author":"Provost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2010.510145","article-title":"Evaluating repetitive 18F-fluoroazomycin-arabinoside (18FAZA) PET in the setting of MRI guided adaptive radiotherapy in cervical cancer","volume":"49","author":"Schuetz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2014.990109","article-title":"Hypoxia-guided adaptive radiation dose escalation in head and neck carcinoma: a planning study","volume":"54","author":"Servagi-Vernat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/1754-9485.12086","article-title":"Imaging of hypoxia with 18F-FAZA PET in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Trinkaus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5263","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-1665","article-title":"A phase II randomized trial of chemoradiation with or without metformin in locally advanced cervical cancer","volume":"28","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-2818","article-title":"Oxygen-enhanced MRI is a major advance in tumor hypoxia imaging","volume":"76","author":"Dewhirst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1095","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0305","article-title":"Imaging tumour hypoxia with oxygen-enhanced MRI and BOLD MRI","volume":"92","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"1146","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220624","article-title":"T1 based oxygen-enhanced MRI in tumours; a scoping review of current research","volume":"96","author":"McCabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-18-3932","article-title":"Oxygen-enhanced MRI is feasible, repeatable, and detects radiotherapy-induced change in hypoxia in xenograft models and in patients with non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"25","author":"Salem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.2174\/1573405614666180925144814","article-title":"In vivo monitoring of oxygen levels in human brain tumor between fractionated radiotherapy using oxygen-enhanced MR imaging","volume":"16","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Med Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02706-z","article-title":"Quantification of hepatocellular carcinoma heterogeneity with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"7","author":"Hectors","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3109\/0284186X.2013.864050","article-title":"Compliance and toxicity of the hypoxic radiosensitizer nimorazole in the treatment of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)","volume":"53","author":"Metwally","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(97)00220-X","article-title":"A randomized double-blind phase III study of nimorazole as a hypoxic radiosensitizer of primary radiotherapy in supraglottic larynx and pharynx carcinoma. Results of the Danish head and neck Cancer study (DAHANCA) protocol 5-85","volume":"46","author":"Overgaard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2025.111227","article-title":"An international placebo-controlled randomized multicenter trial of nimorazole with accelerated chemo-radiotherapy for locally advanced HPV-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC)","volume":"214","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2026","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.04.005","article-title":"IAEA-HypoX. A randomized multicenter study of the hypoxic radiosensitizer nimorazole concomitant with accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"116","author":"Hassan Metwally","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.11.055","article-title":"Randomized phase 3 trial of the hypoxia modifier nimorazole added to radiation therapy with benefit assessed in hypoxic head and neck cancers determined using a gene signature (NIMRAD)","volume":"119","author":"Thomson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0360","first-page":"37","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: A brief history and review of its benefits and indications for the older adult patient","volume":"22","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annals of Long-Term Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0365","article-title":"The history and development of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in thermal burn injury","volume":"57","author":"Smolle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000513089.75457.22","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: exploring the clinical evidence","volume":"30","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-002-0892-0","article-title":"Oxygenation measurements in head and neck cancers during hyperbaric oxygenation","volume":"178","author":"Becker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015832726054","article-title":"Change of oxygen pressure in glioblastoma tissue under various conditions","volume":"58","author":"Beppu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0390","first-page":"341","article-title":"Radiation therapy with hyperbaric oxygen at 4 atmospheres pressure in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: results of a randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Haffty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer J Sci Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(99)00126-1","article-title":"Carcinoma of the larynx treated with hypofractionated radiation and hyperbaric oxygen: long-term tumor control and complications","volume":"45","author":"Haffty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2016.10.048","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen as radiation sensitizer for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: A phase 1 dose-escalation study","volume":"97","author":"Hartford","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/jrr\/rrw105","article-title":"Radiotherapy using IMRT boosts after hyperbaric oxygen therapy with chemotherapy for glioblastoma","volume":"58","author":"Yahara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Radiat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-006-9283-1","article-title":"Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using gamma unit after hyperbaric oxygenation on recurrent high-grade gliomas","volume":"82","author":"Kohshi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.643469","article-title":"Role of hyperbaric oxygenation plus hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in recurrent high-grade glioma","volume":"11","author":"Arpa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2022.05.024","article-title":"ESTRO ACROP guidelines for external beam radiotherapy of patients with uncomplicated bone metastases","volume":"173","author":"van der Velden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0430","first-page":"2025","article-title":"XELOX combined with sintilimab and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for advanced or metastatic gastric\/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: study protocol for a prospective, single-arm, phase Ib\/II clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"611","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-51-611-876","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen and radiotherapy: a Medical Research Council trial in carcinoma of the bladder","volume":"51","author":"Cade","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"611","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-51-611-879","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen and radiotherapy: a Medical Research Council trial in carcinoma of the cervix","volume":"51","author":"Watson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00124-3","article-title":"Carcinoma of the cervix and the use of hyperbaric oxygen with radiotherapy: a report of a randomised controlled trial","volume":"53","author":"Dische","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0385","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Bennett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0450","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Bennett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(81)90149-8","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for carcinoma of the cervix\u2014stages IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IVA: results of a randomized study by the radiation therapy oncology group","volume":"7","author":"Brady","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197702)39:2<617::AID-CNCR2820390237>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen as a radiotherapeutic adjuvant in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix: preliminary results of a randomized trial","volume":"39","author":"Fletcher","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20169","article-title":"Effects of hyperbaric oxygen exposure on experimental head and neck tumor growth, oxygenation, and vasculature","volume":"27","author":"Shi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0470","first-page":"251","article-title":"The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on human oral cancer cells","volume":"31","author":"Sun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0475","first-page":"351","article-title":"Potential roles of hyperbaric oxygenation in the treatments of brain tumors","volume":"40","author":"Kohshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Undersea Hyperb Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-013-0537-6","article-title":"Old but new methods in radiation oncology: hyperbaric oxygen therapy","volume":"18","author":"Ogawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clon.2006.04.010","article-title":"Carbogen breathing combined with radical radiotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer patients with severe co-morbidities","volume":"18","author":"Vees","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1093","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20170966","article-title":"Clinical trials targeting hypoxia","volume":"92","author":"Tharmalingham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(02)00929-4","article-title":"ARCON: a novel biology-based approach in radiotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Kaanders","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(97)00127-8","article-title":"Nicotinamide as a radiosensitizer in tumours and normal tissues: the importance of drug dose and timing","volume":"45","author":"Horsman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)02678-5","article-title":"ARCON: experience in 215 patients with advanced head-and-neck cancer","volume":"52","author":"Kaanders","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.35.9315","article-title":"Accelerated radiotherapy with carbogen and nicotinamide for laryngeal cancer: results of a phase III randomized trial","volume":"30","author":"Janssens","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0542","article-title":"A 26-gene hypoxia signature predicts benefit from hypoxia-modifying therapy in laryngeal cancer but not bladder cancer","volume":"19","author":"Eustace","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19991001)86:7<1322::AID-CNCR30>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Hypoxic radiosensitizers in radical radiotherapy for patients with bladder carcinoma","volume":"86","author":"Hoskin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.372","article-title":"Carbogen and nicotinamide in the treatment of bladder cancer with radical radiotherapy","volume":"76","author":"Hoskin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4912","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.28.4950","article-title":"Radiotherapy with concurrent carbogen and nicotinamide in bladder carcinoma","volume":"28","author":"Hoskin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2008.06.1950","article-title":"Accelerated radiotherapy, carbogen, and nicotinamide (ARCON) in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer: mature results of a phase II nonrandomized study","volume":"73","author":"Hoskin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4761","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-0038","article-title":"A gene signature for selecting benefit from hypoxia modification of radiotherapy for high-risk bladder cancer patients","volume":"23","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.10.3143","article-title":"Accelerated radiotherapy, carbogen, and nicotinamide in glioblastoma multiforme: report of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 22933","volume":"17","author":"Miralbell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(03)00007-0","article-title":"Radiotherapy and chemotherapy with or without carbogen and nicotinamide in inoperable biopsy-proven glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"67","author":"Simon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(99)00106-1","article-title":"ARCON: accelerated radiotherapy with carbogen and nicotinamide in non small cell lung cancer: a phase I\/II study by the EORTC","volume":"52","author":"Bernier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18078","DOI":"10.1021\/jp064308+","article-title":"Trans-sodium crocetinate and diffusion enhancement","volume":"110","author":"Stennett","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Phys Chem B"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.17.6.917","article-title":"Trans-sodium crocetinate for treating hypoxia\/ischemia","volume":"17","author":"Gainer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000144133.21524.1e","article-title":"TSC for hemorrhagic shock: effects on cytokines and blood pressure","volume":"22","author":"Stennett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Shock (Augusta, Ga)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.3.JNS152693","article-title":"Trans sodium crocetinate with temozolomide and radiation therapy for glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"126","author":"Gainer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1081\/BIO-200046659","article-title":"Understanding the fundamentals of perfluorocarbons and perfluorocarbon emulsions relevant to in vivo oxygen delivery","volume":"33","author":"Riess","year":"2005","journal-title":"Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H320","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01166.2003","article-title":"Oxygen delivery and consumption in the microcirculation after extreme hemodilution with perfluorocarbons","volume":"287","author":"Cabrales","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15190\/d.2020.1","article-title":"Artificial blood: the history and current perspectives of blood substitutes","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Discoveries (Craiova)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2022.100927","article-title":"A new era in oxygen therapeutics? From perfluorocarbon systems to haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers","volume":"54","author":"Charbe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0184250","article-title":"Perfluorocarbon emulsions radiosensitise brain tumors in carbogen breathing mice with orthotopic GL261 gliomas","volume":"12","author":"Feldman","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R93","DOI":"10.1186\/cc364","article-title":"Blood substitutes. Artificial oxygen carriers: perfluorocarbon emulsions","volume":"3","author":"Spahn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(87)90294-X","article-title":"Enhancement of tumor radiation response by the combination of a perfluorochemical emulsion and hyperbaric oxygen","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2307\/3577088","article-title":"Effects of Fluosol DA 20% and carbogen on the radioresponse of SCK tumors and skin of A\/J mice","volume":"112","author":"Lee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2307\/3577863","article-title":"Effects of a perfluorochemical emulsion on the response of BA1112 rat rhabdomyosarcomas to continuous low-dose-rate irradiation","volume":"124","author":"Morton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2307\/3577075","article-title":"Effect of a perfluorochemical emulsion on the radiation response of BA1112 rhabdomyosarcomas","volume":"112","author":"Martin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(90)90551-T","article-title":"A phase I\/II study of the use of Fluosol as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of primary high-grade brain tumors","volume":"19","author":"Evans","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90283-2","article-title":"Lack of complications in long-term survivors after treatment with Fluosol and oxygen as an adjuvant to radiation therapy for high-grade brain tumors","volume":"26","author":"Evans","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.207.3.9609895","article-title":"Perflenapent emulsion: a US contrast agent for diagnostic radiology--multicenter, double-blind comparison with a placebo","volume":"207","author":"Robbin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-22-0433","article-title":"Dodecafluoropentane emulsion as a radiosensitizer in glioblastoma uultiforme","volume":"3","author":"Lickliter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Stupp","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11111604","article-title":"Targeting hypoxia: revival of old remedies","volume":"11","author":"Vilaplana-Lopera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-015-2920-7","article-title":"Targeting the hypoxic fraction of tumours using hypoxia-activated prodrugs","volume":"77","author":"Phillips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-4310(00)01677-4","article-title":"Exploiting the hypoxic cancer cell: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies","volume":"6","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Med Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.51.4265","article-title":"Phase III randomized trial of weekly cisplatin and irradiation versus cisplatin and tirapazamine and irradiation in stages IB2, IIA, IIB, IIIB, and IVA cervical carcinoma limited to the pelvis: a gynecologic oncology group study","volume":"32","author":"DiSilvestro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637-020-01057-3","article-title":"A rat toxicological study of intra-arterial injection of Tirapazamine, a hypoxia-activating Cancer therapeutic agent, followed by hepatic artery ligation","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest New Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2174\/157488406775268192","article-title":"Tirapazamine: from bench to clinical trials","volume":"1","author":"Marcu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.4449","article-title":"Tirapazamine, cisplatin, and radiation versus cisplatin and radiation for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (TROG 02.02, HeadSTART): a phase III trial of the trans-Tasman radiation oncology group","volume":"28","author":"Rischin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9097","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.01.3771","article-title":"Phase III trial of paclitaxel plus carboplatin with or without tirapazamine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: southwest oncology group trial S0003","volume":"23","author":"Williamson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2147\/JHC.S304275","article-title":"Phase I trial on arterial embolization with hypoxia activated tirapazamine for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Abi-Jaoudeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatocell Carcinoma"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1111\/IGC.0b013e3181dc827e","article-title":"Phase 1 study of tirapazamine in combination with radiation and weekly cisplatin in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer","volume":"20","author":"Rischin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2020.8131","article-title":"Hypoxia-activated prodrug Evofosfamide treatment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenografts alters the tumor redox status to potentiate radiotherapy","volume":"35","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-1980","article-title":"Selective tumor hypoxia targeting by hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 inhibits tumor growth in preclinical models of cancer","volume":"18","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1159\/000327739","article-title":"A phase I study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 in combination with doxorubicin in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma","volume":"80","author":"Ganjoo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.55.7504","article-title":"Randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine plus TH-302 versus gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer","volume":"33","author":"Borad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0725","first-page":"62","article-title":"Hypoxia-activated prodrugs and (lack of) clinical progress: the need for hypoxia-based biomarker patient selection in phase III clinical trials","volume":"15","author":"Spiegelberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81841-0","article-title":"Phase 2 trial of hypoxia activated evofosfamide (TH302) for treatment of recurrent bevacizumab-refractory glioblastoma","volume":"11","author":"Brenner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30381-9","article-title":"Doxorubicin plus evofosfamide versus doxorubicin alone in locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (TH CR-406\/SARC021): an international, multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 3 trial","volume":"18","author":"Tap","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2016.79","article-title":"Hypoxia-activated prodrugs: paths forward in the era of personalised medicine","volume":"114","author":"Hunter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3922","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-0478","article-title":"Mechanism of action and preclinical antitumor activity of the novel hypoxia-activated DNA cross-linking agent PR-104","volume":"13","author":"Patterson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-618900","article-title":"AKR1C3 is a biomarker of sensitivity to PR-104 in preclinical models of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"126","author":"Moradi Manesh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2015.1017171","article-title":"Pre-clinical activity of PR-104 as monotherapy and in combination with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Abbattista","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-009-1188-1","article-title":"A phase I trial of PR-104, a nitrogen mustard prodrug activated by both hypoxia and aldo-keto reductase 1C3, in patients with solid tumors","volume":"65","author":"Jameson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-432","article-title":"A phase I trial of PR-104, a pre-prodrug of the bioreductive prodrug PR-104A, given weekly to solid tumour patients","volume":"11","author":"McKeage","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-011-1671-3","article-title":"PR-104 plus sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"68","author":"Abou-Alfa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-496","article-title":"PR-104 a bioreductive pre-prodrug combined with gemcitabine or docetaxel in a phase Ib study of patients with advanced solid tumours","volume":"12","author":"McKeage","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.118455","article-title":"Phase I\/II study of the hypoxia-activated prodrug PR104 in refractory\/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"100","author":"Konopleva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2017.03.024","article-title":"Clinical advances of hypoxia-activated prodrugs in combination with radiation therapy","volume":"98","author":"Mistry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910560124","article-title":"Unusually marked hypoxic sensitization to indoloquinone EO9 and mitomycin C in a human colon-tumour cell line that lacks DT-diaphorase activity","volume":"56","author":"Plumb","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2001.2056","article-title":"A novel strategy for NQO1 (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.2) mediated therapy of bladder cancer based on the pharmacological properties of EO9","volume":"85","author":"Choudry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01996.x","article-title":"On behalf of the EORTC-pharmacology and molecular mechanism group. EO9 (Apaziquone): from the clinic to the laboratory and back again","volume":"168","author":"Phillips","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0805","article-title":"Radiosensitization of hypoxic tumors by the bioreductive agent apaziquone (EO9, EOquin (TM))","volume":"11","author":"Burd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90510-O","article-title":"Bioreductive drugs as post-irradiation sensitizers: comparison of dual function agents with SR 4233 and the mitomycin C analogue EO9","volume":"22","author":"Adams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.12.906","article-title":"Phase I and pharmacologic study of the novel indoloquinone bioreductive alkylating cytotoxic drug E09","volume":"86","author":"Schellens","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(96)00226-2","article-title":"EO9 phase II study in advanced breast, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma by the EORTC early clinical studies group","volume":"32a","author":"Dirix","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a010645","article-title":"A randomized phase II study with two schedules of the novel indoloquinone EO9 in non-small-cell lung cancer: a study of the EORTC early clinical studies group (ECSG)","volume":"7","author":"Pavlidis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(92)90509-G","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, distribution, and metabolism of the novel bioreductive alkylating indoloquinone EO9 in rodents","volume":"22","author":"Workman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1998.355","article-title":"Evaluation of a novel in vitro assay for assessing drug penetration into avascular regions of tumours","volume":"77","author":"Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.031","article-title":"Safety and side effects of immediate instillation of apaziquone following transurethral resection in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer","volume":"180","author":"Hendricksen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.06.047","article-title":"Phase I\/II pilot study of intravesical apaziquone (EO9) for superficial bladder cancer","volume":"176","author":"Puri","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.06.007","article-title":"Phase II marker lesion study with intravesical instillation of apaziquone for superficial bladder cancer: toxicity and marker response","volume":"176","author":"van der Heijden","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2017.1341490","article-title":"Efficacy, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of apaziquone in the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer","volume":"13","author":"Phillips","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0860","article-title":"Targeting hypoxia: hypoxia-activated prodrugs in cancer therapy","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2427","article-title":"Selective tumor targeting by the hypoxia-activated prodrug AQ4N blocks tumor growth and metastasis in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer","volume":"13","author":"Lalani","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-015-9728-z","article-title":"Dissemination via the lymphatic or angiogenic route impacts the pathology, microenvironment and hypoxia-related drug response of lung metastases","volume":"32","author":"Gieling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.27796","article-title":"Androgen deprivation results in time-dependent hypoxia in LNCaP prostate tumours: informed scheduling of the bioreductive drug AQ4N improves treatment response","volume":"132","author":"Ming","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-09-0396","article-title":"In vivo activation of the hypoxia-targeted cytotoxin AQ4N in human tumor xenografts","volume":"8","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm120","article-title":"The use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic end points to determine the dose of AQ4N, a novel hypoxic cell cytotoxin, given with fractionated radiotherapy in a phase I study","volume":"18","author":"Steward","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7110","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0483","article-title":"A phase 1 open-label, accelerated dose-escalation study of the hypoxia-activated prodrug AQ4N in patients with advanced malignancies","volume":"14","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarantopoulos J, Tolcher AW, Wong A, Goel S, Beeram M, Lam G, et al. Banoxantrone (AQ4N), tissue CYP 450 targeted prodrug: the results of a phase I study using an accelerated dose escalation. J Clin Oncol.24(18_suppl):2011-. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2011.","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2011"},{"issue":"8_Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0900","first-page":"571","article-title":"Tumor-specific activation of the hypoxic cell cytotoxin AQ4N: a phase I clinical study in solid tumors","volume":"66","author":"Harris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5883","DOI":"10.1039\/D4BM00883A","article-title":"AQ4N nanocomposites for hypoxia-associated tumor combination therapy","volume":"12","author":"Inam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6551","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S173431","article-title":"Hypoxia-activated prodrugs and redox-responsive nanocarriers","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-0895","article-title":"Molecular pathways: hypoxia-activated prodrugs in cancer therapy","volume":"23","author":"Baran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.09.010","article-title":"Gene expression classifier predicts for hypoxic modification of radiotherapy with nimorazole in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck","volume":"102","author":"Toustrup","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5923","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-11-1182","article-title":"Development of a hypoxia gene expression classifier with predictive impact for hypoxic modification of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer","volume":"71","author":"Toustrup","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"7503","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38415.708634.F7","article-title":"Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients","volume":"330","author":"Evans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071583","article-title":"Metformin therapy and risk of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Franciosi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.46.7043","article-title":"Metformin use and all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality among men with diabetes","volume":"31","author":"Margel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.19.6410","article-title":"Metformin and pathologic complete responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in diabetic patients with breast cancer","volume":"27","author":"Jiralerspong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2015.06.003","article-title":"Metformin: A novel biological modifier of tumor response to radiation therapy","volume":"93","author":"Koritzinsky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpt.2022.09.001","article-title":"PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR pathway, hypoxia, and glucose metabolism: potential targets to overcome radioresistance in small cell lung cancer","volume":"01","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Pathog Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.6418","article-title":"Metformin suppresses hypoxia-induced stabilization of HIF-1\u03b1 through reprogramming of oxygen metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3332\/ecancer.2015.563","article-title":"Phase II trial of metformin and paclitaxel for patients with gemcitabine-refractory advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas","volume":"9","author":"Braghiroli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecancermedicalscience"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.63.3511","article-title":"Metformin use and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer: A cautionary lesson","volume":"34","author":"Chaiteerakij","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2017.03.005","article-title":"Metformin and improved treatment outcomes in radiation therapy - A review","volume":"55","author":"Samsuri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02599-4","article-title":"Efficacy of metformin therapy in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of 22 randomised controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3874","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-22-0875","article-title":"Targeting the DNA damage response pathways and replication stress in colorectal Cancer","volume":"28","author":"Durinikova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2340\/1651-226X.2025.43045","article-title":"Tolerability, safety and feasibility of metformin combined with chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer: A phase II, randomized study","volume":"64","author":"Skipar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869509093981","article-title":"Analysis of the effects of oxygen supply and demand on hypoxic fraction in tumors","volume":"34","author":"Secomb","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01073","article-title":"Antidiabetic biguanides radiosensitize hypoxic colorectal cancer cells through a decrease in oxygen consumption","volume":"9","author":"de Mey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6741","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-1787","article-title":"Reprogramming metabolism with metformin improves tumor oxygenation and radiotherapy response","volume":"19","author":"Zannella","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.56","article-title":"Phenformin as prophylaxis and therapy in breast cancer xenografts","volume":"106","author":"Appleyard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25204831","article-title":"Targeting metabolism in cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment for cancer therapy","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-23-0296","article-title":"Phase Ib trial of phenformin in patients with V600-mutated melanoma receiving dabrafenib and trametinib","volume":"3","author":"Chapman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Res Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809302701215","article-title":"Atovaquone: a review","volume":"27","author":"Haile","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12308","article-title":"The anti-malarial atovaquone increases radiosensitivity by alleviating tumour hypoxia","volume":"7","author":"Ashton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4128","article-title":"Mitochondrial inhibitor atovaquone increases tumor oxygenation and inhibits hypoxic gene expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"27","author":"Skwarski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-021-00871-x","article-title":"Investigation of atovaquone-induced spatial changes in tumour hypoxia assessed by hypoxia PET\/CT in non-small cell lung cancer patients","volume":"11","author":"Bourigault","year":"2021","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i14","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad073.056","article-title":"DIPG-09. Atovaquone radiosensitises diffuse midline gliomas by inhibiting mitochondrial metabolism and hypoxia","volume":"25","author":"Mudassar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro-oncol"},{"issue":"16_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"TPS5631","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2024.42.16_suppl.TPS5631","article-title":"Repurposing atovaquone as a STAT3 inhibitor for the treatment of platinum resistant ovarian cancer","volume":"42","author":"Wood","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405630826001746?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405630826001746?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:02:05Z","timestamp":1793743325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405630826001746"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":208,"alternative-id":["S2405630826001746"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6308"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6308","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tumour hypoxia in clinical oncology: imaging, therapeutic strategies, and translational challenges","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctro.2026.101279","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101279"}}