{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:54:40Z","timestamp":1790362480582,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,14]],"date-time":"2015-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":378,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T16:53:16Z","timestamp":1396543996000},"page":"852-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Lactase Persistence Alleles Reveal Partial East African Ancestry of Southern African Khoe Pastoralists"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Gwenna","family":"Breton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina\u00a0M.","family":"Schlebusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlize","family":"Lombard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Sj\u00f6din","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himla","family":"Soodyall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattias","family":"Jakobsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-008-0593-6","article-title":"Lactose digestion and the evolutionary genetics of lactase persistence","volume":"124","author":"Ingram","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-36","article-title":"A worldwide correlation of lactase persistence phenotype and genotypes","volume":"10","author":"Itan","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0268","article-title":"Evolution of lactase persistence: an example of human niche construction","volume":"366","author":"Gerbault","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1946","article-title":"Convergent adaptation of human lactase persistence in Africa and Europe","volume":"39","author":"Tishkoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.199","article-title":"Stronger signal of recent selection for lactase persistence in Maasai than in Europeans","volume":"21","author":"Schlebusch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genom.9.081307.164411","article-title":"Positive selection in the human genome: from genome scans to biological significance","volume":"9","author":"Kelley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44751","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044751","article-title":"Lactase persistence and lipid pathway selection in the Maasai","volume":"7","author":"Wagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/ng826","article-title":"Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia","volume":"30","author":"Enattah","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-006-0291-1","article-title":"A novel polymorphism associated with lactose tolerance in Africa: multiple causes for lactase persistence?","volume":"120","author":"Ingram","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-10-9","article-title":"Lactase persistence genotypes and malaria susceptibility in Fulani of Mali","volume":"10","author":"Lokki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227721","article-title":"Genomic variation in seven Khoe-San groups reveals adaptation and complex African history","volume":"338","author":"Schlebusch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib12","series-title":"African Herders. Emergence of Pastoral Traditions","author":"Smith","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-011-0966-0","article-title":"The -14010\u2217C variant associated with lactase persistence is located between an Oct-1 and HNF1\u03b1 binding site and increases lactase promoter activity","volume":"130","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3945","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddi418","article-title":"T-13910 DNA variant associated with lactase persistence interacts with Oct-1 and stimulates lactase promoter activity in\u00a0vitro","volume":"14","author":"Lewinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.07.008","article-title":"Diversity of lactase persistence alleles in Ethiopia: signature of\u00a0a soft selective sweep","volume":"93","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1086\/520705","article-title":"Evidence of still-ongoing convergence evolution of the lactase persistence T-13910 alleles in humans","volume":"81","author":"Enattah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2140","article-title":"The genetic prehistory of southern Africa","volume":"3","author":"Pickrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-80","article-title":"On\u00a0the edge of Bantu expansions: mtDNA, Y chromosome and lactase\u00a0persistence genetic variation in southwestern Angola","volume":"9","author":"Coelho","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2156-10-31","article-title":"Screening of variants for lactase persistence\/non-persistence in populations from South Africa and Ghana","volume":"10","author":"Torniainen","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib20","series-title":"New History of South Africa","author":"Giliomee","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5934.809","article-title":"Letter: Lactose intolerance in San populations","volume":"3","author":"Nurse","year":"1974","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5909.23","article-title":"Public health and genetic constitution of the San (\u201cBushmen\u201d): carbohydrate metabolism and acetylator status of the Kung of Tsumkwe in the North-western Kalahari","volume":"2","author":"Jenkins","year":"1974","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/38.6.901","article-title":"Lactase deficiency in the South African black population","volume":"38","author":"Segal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11632","article-title":"An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes","volume":"491","author":"Abecasis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.112.145037","article-title":"Ancient admixture in human history","volume":"192","author":"Patterson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.05.015","article-title":"Ethiopian genetic diversity reveals linguistic stratification and complex influences on the Ethiopian gene pool","volume":"91","author":"Pagani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002967","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002967","article-title":"Inference of population splits and mixtures from genome-wide allele frequency data","volume":"8","author":"Pickrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","article-title":"Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020190","article-title":"Population structure and eigenanalysis","volume":"2","author":"Patterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1847","article-title":"Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies","volume":"38","author":"Price","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40340","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040340","article-title":"\u201cOf sheep and men\u201d: earliest direct evidence of caprine domestication in southern Africa at Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibia)","volume":"7","author":"Pleurdeau","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003598X00048651","article-title":"An early date for cattle from Namaqualand, South Africa: implications for the origins of herding in southern Africa","volume":"87","author":"Orton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiquity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003598X00046196","article-title":"The chronology of the introduction of pastoralism to the Cape, South Africa","volume":"68","author":"Sealy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antiquity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003598X00084210","article-title":"A revised chronology for pastoralism in southernmost Africa: new evidence of sheep at ca. 2000 B.P. from Blombos Cave, South Africa","volume":"70","author":"Henshilwood","year":"1996","journal-title":"Antiquity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib35","article-title":"A Short History of Early Herding in Southern Africa","volume":"Volume 171","author":"Sadr","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.087577.108","article-title":"Signals of recent positive selection in a worldwide sample of human populations","volume":"19","author":"Pickrell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib37","first-page":"93","article-title":"A linguist's view: Khoe-Kwadi speakers as the earliest food-producers of southern Africa","volume":"Volume 20","author":"G\u00fcldemann","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3828\/bfarm.2005.1.2","article-title":"The concepts of \u2018Neolithic\u2019 and \u2018Neolithisation\u2019 for Africa?","volume":"1","author":"Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Before Farming"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib39","series-title":"Excavations at Kasteelberg and the origins of the Khoekhoen in the Western Cape, South Africa. British Archaeological Reports International series: 1537","author":"Smith","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10693","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801184105","article-title":"Y-chromosomal evidence of a pastoralist migration through Tanzania to southern Africa","volume":"105","author":"Henn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["Current Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982214002097?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982214002097?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T05:46:50Z","timestamp":1565329610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960982214002097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0960982214002097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-9822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-9822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lactase Persistence Alleles Reveal Partial East African Ancestry of Southern African Khoe Pastoralists","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.02.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2014.03.027","name":"associatedlink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to the associated document"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}