{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:26:42Z","timestamp":1786987602612,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":387,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Champalimaud Histopathology platform"},{"name":"Congento","award":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022170"]}]},{"name":"ABBE Platform"},{"name":"PPBI","award":["PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014069","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Champalimaud","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Research Council","award":["ERCStG337747-CoCO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERCStG337747-CoCO"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/51261\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/51261\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ramon y Cajal","award":["RYC-2014-16450"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC-2014-16450"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T22:56:33Z","timestamp":1581029793000},"page":"1128-1135.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Freezing Displayed by Others Is a Learned Cue of Danger Resulting from Co-experiencing Own Freezing and Shock"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Andreia","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Heinemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta A.","family":"Moita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1325049","DOI":"10.1080\/19420889.2017.1325049","article-title":"Social information use in threat perception: social buffering, contagion and facilitation of alarm responses","volume":"10","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Commun. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(73)90184-7","article-title":"On the advantages of flocking","volume":"38","author":"Pulliam","year":"1973","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-016-2075-5","article-title":"Safety in numbers: the dilution effect and other drivers of group life in the face of danger","volume":"70","author":"Lehtonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7433999","article-title":"Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication","volume":"210","author":"Seyfarth","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2001.1773","article-title":"The acoustic structure of suricates\u2019 alarm calls varies with predator type and the level of response urgency","volume":"268","author":"Manser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2031973","article-title":"Alarm signals of the great gerbil: acoustic variation by predator context, sex, age, individual, and family group","volume":"118","author":"Randall","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2010.0118","article-title":"Alarm calls elicit predator-specific physiological responses","volume":"6","author":"Mateo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.10.031","article-title":"Alarm substance induced behavioral responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"188","author":"Speedie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/01677060802298475","article-title":"The alarm response in zebrafish: innate fear in a vertebrate genetic model","volume":"22","author":"Jesuthasan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Neurogenet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90231-3","article-title":"High-frequency ultrasonic vocalization induced by intracerebral glutamate in rats","volume":"49","author":"Fu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809600-0.00017-2","article-title":"Repertoire and biological function of ultrasonic vocalizations in adolescent and adult rats","volume":"25","author":"Simola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handb. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib12","first-page":"4173","article-title":"Flights of fear: a mechanical wing whistle sounds the alarm in a flocking bird","volume":"276","author":"Hingee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-008-0404-x","article-title":"Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) wing-whistles may contain threat-related information for con- and hetero-specifics","volume":"95","author":"Coleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anbehav.2011.01.010","article-title":"Reliability of public information: predators provide more information about risk than conspecifics","volume":"81","author":"Barrera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1163\/15685390260437272","article-title":"Behavioural responses to conspecific disturbance chemicals enhance survival of juvenile brook charr, Salvelinus Fontinalis, during encounters with predators","volume":"139","author":"Mirza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(00)00370-X","article-title":"Alarm pheromone enhances stress-induced hyperthermia in rats","volume":"72","author":"Kikusui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjh004","article-title":"Alarm pheromones with different functions are released from different regions of the body surface of male rats","volume":"29","author":"Kiyokawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1037\/h0043531","article-title":"Emotional reactions of rats to the pain of others","volume":"52","author":"Church","year":"1959","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.03.031","article-title":"Rats learn to freeze to 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations through autoconditioning","volume":"232","author":"Parsana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.06.029","article-title":"Revisiting the autoconditioning hypothesis for acquired reactivity to ultrasonic alarm calls","volume":"194","author":"Calub","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74609","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074609","article-title":"Empathic fear responses in mice are triggered by recognition of a shared experience","volume":"8","author":"Sanders","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21855","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0021855","article-title":"Experience modulates vicarious freezing in rats: a model for empathy","volume":"6","author":"Atsak","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0136979","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136979","article-title":"Repeated witnessing of conspecifics in pain: effects on emotional contagion","volume":"10","author":"Carrillo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.06.015","article-title":"Silence resulting from the cessation of movement signals danger","volume":"22","author":"Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15077","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015077","article-title":"Social transmission of fear in rats: the role of 22-kHz ultrasonic distress vocalization","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(92)90117-K","article-title":"Inescapable footshocks induce progressive and long-lasting behavioural changes in male rats","volume":"51","author":"Van Dijken","year":"1992","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1038\/266730a0","article-title":"Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments","volume":"266","author":"Porsolt","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(95)00018-6","article-title":"Comparison of the behavioural and endocrine response to forced swimming stress in five inbred strains of rats","volume":"20","author":"Armario","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(86)90285-4","article-title":"Sensitivity of corticosterone and some metabolic variables to graded levels of low intensity stresses in adult male rats","volume":"37","author":"Armario","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077609","article-title":"Naloxone and shock-elicited freezing in the rat","volume":"93","author":"Fanselow","year":"1979","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03205285","article-title":"Factors governing one-trial contextual conditioning","volume":"18","author":"Fanselow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anim. Learn. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03001163","article-title":"Conditioned and unconditional components of post-shock freezing","volume":"15","author":"Fanselow","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pavlov. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046411","article-title":"Socially facilitated reduction of a fear response in rats","volume":"48","author":"Davitz","year":"1955","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Comp. Physiol. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.1494409","article-title":"Context representations, context functions, and the parahippocampal-hippocampal system","volume":"16","author":"Rudy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.499407","article-title":"Context preexposure prevents forgetting of a contextual fear memory: implication for regional changes in brain activation patterns associated with recent and remote memory tests","volume":"14","author":"Biedenkapp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.29.1.78","article-title":"Differential effects of adding and removing components of a context on the generalization of conditional freezing","volume":"29","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.113.5.867","article-title":"Contextual fear conditioning, conjunctive representations, pattern completion, and the hippocampus","volume":"113","author":"Rudy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2004.02.004","article-title":"Footshock intensity and generalization in contextual and auditory-cued fear conditioning in the rat","volume":"81","author":"Baldi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.87.6.532","article-title":"A model for Pavlovian learning: variations in the effectiveness of conditioned but not of unconditioned stimuli","volume":"87","author":"Pearce","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.06.001","article-title":"Predator odor fear conditioning: current perspectives and new directions","volume":"32","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.06.006","article-title":"Vision guides selection of freeze or flight defense strategies in mice","volume":"26","author":"De Franceschi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.047","article-title":"Htr2a-expressing cells in the central amygdala control the hierarchy between innate and learned fear","volume":"163","author":"Isosaka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.08.015","article-title":"Rapid innate defensive responses of mice to looming visual stimuli","volume":"23","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6756","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7756","article-title":"Processing of visually evoked innate fear by a non-canonical thalamic pathway","volume":"6","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.01.026","article-title":"Organization of single components of defensive behaviors within distinct columns of periaqueductal gray matter of the rat: role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid glutamate receptors","volume":"125","author":"Bittencourt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14795","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310845110","article-title":"Dorsal periaqueductal gray-amygdala pathway conveys both innate and learned fear responses in rats","volume":"110","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib47","article-title":"Generating stimuli for neuroscience using PsychoPy","author":"Peirce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2015.00007","article-title":"Bonsai: an event-based framework for processing and controlling data streams","volume":"9","author":"Lopes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neuroinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib49","series-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.134.3.8119151","article-title":"Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus lesions differentially affect serotonin-1A (5-HT1A) and 5-HT2 receptor agonist-induced oxytocin, prolactin, and corticosterone responses","volume":"134","author":"Bagdy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocrinology"}],"container-title":["Current Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982220300257?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982220300257?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T09:41:43Z","timestamp":1760780503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960982220300257"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0960982220300257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/800714","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0960-9822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-9822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Freezing Displayed by Others Is a Learned Cue of Danger Resulting from Co-experiencing Own Freezing and Shock","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2020.01.025","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}