{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T19:55:28Z","timestamp":1784836528953,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008243","name":"University of Rochester Center for Visual Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ha5323\/8-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ha5323\/8-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY029788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY029788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY023591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY023591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY018363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY018363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ha5323\/6-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ha5323\/6-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY029788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY029788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T15:37:33Z","timestamp":1764689853000},"page":"6086-6099.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Non-uniform signal pooling across the foveola"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6542-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishnamachari S.","family":"Prahalad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Roorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavan","family":"Tiruveedhula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolf","family":"Harmening","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Gutnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha K.","family":"Jenks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjana","family":"Kapisthalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Rucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannick P.","family":"Rolland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4773-8745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Poletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/226177a0","article-title":"Interaction effects in parafoveal letter recognition","volume":"226","author":"Bouma","year":"1970","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(62)94878-X","article-title":"A Study of Separation Difficulty: Its Relationship to Visual Acuity in Normal and Amblyopic Eyes","volume":"53","author":"Stuart","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(92)90227-A","article-title":"The two-dimensional shape of spatial interaction zones in the parafovea","volume":"32","author":"Toet","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2007.12.009","article-title":"Crowding\u2014An essential bottleneck for object recognition: A mini-review","volume":"48","author":"Levi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2187","article-title":"The uncrowded window of object recognition","volume":"11","author":"Pelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03212183","article-title":"Contrast thresholds for identification of numeric characters in direct and eccentric view","volume":"49","author":"Strasburger","year":"1991","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/11.5.13","article-title":"Peripheral vision and pattern recognition: A review","volume":"11","author":"Strasburger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/14.5.3","article-title":"A double dissociation of the acuity and crowding limits to letter identification, and the promise of improved visual screening","volume":"14","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7835.1","article-title":"A clinical test for visual crowding","volume":"5","author":"Pelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.53.001026","article-title":"Visual Resolution and Contour Interaction","volume":"53","author":"Flom","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2013.10.016","article-title":"Contour interaction in foveal vision: a response to siderov, waugh, and bedell (2013)","volume":"96","author":"Coates","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2012.11.008","article-title":"Foveal contour interaction for low contrast acuity targets","volume":"77","author":"Siderov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2023.108346","article-title":"Foveal crowding for large and small Landolt Cs: Similarity and Attention","volume":"215","author":"Bondarko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0594-24.2024","article-title":"Oculomotor Contributions to Foveal Crowding","volume":"44","author":"Clark","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.22.8.10","article-title":"Foveal crowding appears to be robust to normal aging and glaucoma unlike parafoveal and peripheral crowding","volume":"22","author":"Shamsi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27480-4","article-title":"Foveal Crowding Resolved","volume":"8","author":"Coates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib17","first-page":"109","article-title":"Organization of the Primate Retina: Light Microscopy","volume":"255","author":"Boycott","year":"1969","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/371070a0","article-title":"M and L cones in macaque fovea connect to midget ganglion cells by different numbers of excitatory synapses","volume":"371","author":"Calkins","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022469002511","article-title":"The midget pathways of the primate retina","volume":"106","author":"Kolb","year":"2003","journal-title":"Doc. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib20","series-title":"The Retina","author":"Polyak","year":"1941"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2005.03.027","article-title":"Preferred Retinal Locus Development in Patients with Macular Disease","volume":"112","author":"Crossland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(93)90213-G","article-title":"Is there a systematic location for the pseudo-fovea in patients with central scotoma?","volume":"33","author":"Guez","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902920402","article-title":"Human photoreceptor topography","volume":"292","author":"Curcio","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-010-9119-8","article-title":"Visual pattern recognition based on spatio-temporal patterns of retinal ganglion cells\u2019 activities","volume":"4","author":"Jing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cogn. Neurodyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1038\/266554a0","article-title":"The neural representation of visual space","volume":"266","author":"Drasdo","year":"1977","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901580305","article-title":"Uniformity of monkey striate cortex: A parallel relationship between field size, scatter, and magnification factor","volume":"158","author":"Hubel","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(90)90166-I","article-title":"Retinal ganglion cell density and cortical magnification factor in the primate","volume":"30","author":"W\u00e4ssle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(84)90041-5","article-title":"The visual field representation in striate cortex of the macaque monkey: Asymmetries, anisotropies, and individual variability","volume":"24","author":"Van Essen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7134981","article-title":"Deoxyglucose Analysis of Retinotopic Organization in Primate Striate Cortex","volume":"218","author":"Tootell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237163","article-title":"Human cortical magnification factor and its relation to visual acuity","volume":"21","author":"Cowey","year":"1974","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib31","series-title":"Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System","article-title":"The Architecture of the Human Fovea","author":"Kolb","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2465","article-title":"The relationship between visual resolution and cone spacing in the human fovea","volume":"13","author":"Rossi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1817076116","article-title":"Linkage between retinal ganglion cell density and the nonuniform spatial integration across the visual field","volume":"116","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.22.2.15","article-title":"Cortical distance unifies the extent of parafoveal contour interactions","volume":"22","author":"Coates","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.04.063","article-title":"The Neural Correlates of Crowding-Induced Changes in Appearance","volume":"22","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht159","article-title":"Visual Crowding in V1","volume":"24","author":"Millin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2889","article-title":"Metamers of the ventral stream","volume":"14","author":"Freeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/383334a0","article-title":"Attentional resolution and the locus of visual awareness","volume":"383","author":"He","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.2001.0755","article-title":"The spatial resolution of visual attention","volume":"43","author":"Intriligator","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03212851","article-title":"Lateral visual masking: Supraretinal effects when viewing linear arrays with unlimited viewing time","volume":"12","author":"Taylor","year":"1972","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90295-X","article-title":"Long-range dichoptic interactions in the human visual cortex in the region corresponding to the blind spot","volume":"34","author":"Tripathy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13130","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901352106","article-title":"Positional averaging explains crowding with letter-like stimuli","volume":"106","author":"Greenwood","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/89532","article-title":"Compulsory averaging of crowded orientation signals in human vision","volume":"4","author":"Parkes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1167\/4.12.12","article-title":"Crowding is unlike ordinary masking: Distinguishing feature integration from detection","volume":"4","author":"Pelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.06.039","article-title":"Rapid extraction of mean emotion and gender from sets of faces","volume":"17","author":"Haberman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/10.10.14","article-title":"Probabilistic, positional averaging predicts object-level crowding effects with letter-like stimuli","volume":"10","author":"Dakin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.09.056","article-title":"Crowding in Peripheral Vision: Why Bigger Is Better","volume":"19","author":"Levi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4.1","DOI":"10.1167\/7.2.4","article-title":"Configuration influence on crowding","volume":"7","author":"Livne","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/415433a","article-title":"Effects of grouping in contextual modulation","volume":"415","author":"Herzog","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5.1","DOI":"10.1167\/9.2.5","article-title":"Global stimulus configuration modulates crowding","volume":"9","author":"Saarela","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1163\/156856894X00350","article-title":"The effect of similarity and duration on spatial interaction in peripheral vision","volume":"8","author":"Kooi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spat. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12.1","DOI":"10.1167\/8.8.12","article-title":"Contrast polarity, chromaticity, and stereoscopic depth modulate contextual interactions in vernier acuity","volume":"8","author":"Sayim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/15.6.5","article-title":"Crowding, grouping, and object recognition: A matter of appearance","volume":"15","author":"Herzog","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7376","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7199","article-title":"Variation of Cone Photoreceptor Packing Density with Retinal Eccentricity and Age","volume":"52","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.9.31","article-title":"The Relationship Between Visual Sensitivity and Eccentricity, Cone Density and Outer Segment Length in the Human Foveola","volume":"62","author":"Domdei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.07.007","article-title":"Microscopic Eye Movements Compensate for Nonhomogeneous Vision within the Fovea","volume":"23","author":"Poletti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2101259118","article-title":"Fast and nonuniform dynamics of perisaccadic vision in the central fovea","volume":"118","author":"Intoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2008.09.008","article-title":"Crowding: A cortical constraint on object recognition","volume":"18","author":"Pelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(85)90207-X","article-title":"Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification","volume":"25","author":"Levi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14616-2","article-title":"Finely tuned eye movements enhance visual acuity","volume":"11","author":"Intoy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2200256119","article-title":"Eye drift during fixation predicts visual acuity","volume":"119","author":"Clark","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05866","article-title":"Miniature eye movements enhance fine spatial detail","volume":"447","author":"Rucci","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib63","first-page":"1","article-title":"The unsteady eye: An information-processing stage, not a bug","volume":"20","author":"Rucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2663","article-title":"Microsaccades precisely relocate gaze in a high visual acuity task","volume":"13","author":"Ko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.98648.3","article-title":"Sub-cone visual resolution by active, adaptive sampling in the human foveola","volume":"13","author":"Witten","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/17.1.30","article-title":"Benefits of retinal image motion at the limits of spatial vision","volume":"17","author":"Ratnam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(80)90032-2","article-title":"Binocular retinal image motion during active head rotation","volume":"20","author":"Steinman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/12.6.31","article-title":"Precision of sustained fixation in trained and untrained observers","volume":"12","author":"Cherici","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.19.000266","article-title":"Visual performance after correcting the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations of the eye","volume":"19","author":"Yoon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A Opt. Image Sci. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1.1","DOI":"10.1167\/8.13.1","article-title":"Influence of adaptive-optics ocular aberration correction on visual acuity at different luminances and contrast polarities","volume":"8","author":"Marcos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.504283","article-title":"Alignment, calibration, and validation of an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope for high-resolution human foveal imaging","volume":"63","author":"Moon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Opt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.10.000405","article-title":"Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy","volume":"10","author":"Roorda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.001757","article-title":"Reflective afocal broadband adaptive optics scanning ophthalmoscope","volume":"2","author":"Dubra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17841","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.017841","article-title":"Design of an integrated hardware interface for AOSLO image capture and cone-targeted stimulus delivery","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13731","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.013731","article-title":"Retinally stabilized cone-targeted stimulus delivery","volume":"15","author":"Arathorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib76","article-title":"Correcting for miniature eye movements in high resolution scanning laser ophthalmoscopy","volume":"5688","author":"Stevenson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. SPIE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.418070","article-title":"Strip-based digital image registration for distortion minimization and robust eye motion measurement from scanned ophthalmic imaging systems","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.21.11.9","article-title":"The retinal and perceived locus of fixation in the human visual system","volume":"21","author":"Kilpel\u00e4inen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.22.10.15","article-title":"Microsaccadic correlates of covert attention and crowding","volume":"22","author":"Prahalad","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.01.050","article-title":"Temporal Encoding of Spatial Information during Active Visual Fixation","volume":"22","author":"Kuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00197-9","article-title":"The extent of crowding in peripheral vision does not scale with target size","volume":"42","author":"Tripathy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/14.6.11","article-title":"Large crowding zones in peripheral vision for briefly presented stimuli","volume":"14","author":"Tripathy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.07.005","article-title":"Human gaze is systematically offset from the center of cone topography","volume":"31","author":"Reiniger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/14.7.15","article-title":"A formula for human retinal ganglion cell receptive field density as a function of visual field location","volume":"14","author":"Watson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2021.107972","article-title":"On the cortical mapping function \u2013 Visual space, cortical space, and crowding","volume":"194","author":"Strasburger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9050","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1760-09.2009","article-title":"The Foveal Confluence in Human Visual Cortex","volume":"29","author":"Schira","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.05.068","article-title":"The Critical Role of V2 Population Receptive Fields in Visual Orientation Crowding","volume":"29","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2024.06.016","article-title":"Consequences of eye movements for spatial selectivity","volume":"34","author":"Intoy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib89","series-title":"Asilomar Conf. Signals Syst. Comput","first-page":"588","article-title":"A neural model of high-acuity vision in the presence of fixational eye movements","author":"Anderson","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/7.2.25","article-title":"Foveal contour interactions and crowding effects at the resolution limit of the visual system","volume":"7","author":"Danilova","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04067","article-title":"Uncovering foveal crowding?","volume":"4","author":"Lev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/18.8.6","article-title":"Spatial summation in the human fovea: Do normal optical aberrations and fixational eye movements have an effect?","volume":"18","author":"Tuten","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01810-4","article-title":"Multiple loci for foveolar vision in macaque monkey visual cortex","volume":"28","author":"Qian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(73)90188-0","article-title":"Overlap of receptive field centers and representation of the visual field in the cat\u2019s optic tract","volume":"13","author":"Fischer","year":"1973","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/361719a0","article-title":"Preferential representation of the fovea in the primary visual cortex","volume":"361","author":"Azzopardi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00588-9","article-title":"Models of ganglion cell topography in the retina of macaque monkeys and their application to sensory cortical scaling","volume":"72","author":"Azzopardi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00589-7","article-title":"The overrepresentation of the fovea and adjacent retina in the striate cortex and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the macaque monkey","volume":"72","author":"Azzopardi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-09-03771.2003","article-title":"A Precise Retinotopic Map of Primate Striate Cortex Generated from the Representation of Angioscotomas","volume":"23","author":"Adams","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12.1","DOI":"10.1167\/7.2.12","article-title":"Crowding and surround suppression: Not to be confused","volume":"7","author":"Petrov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03204213","article-title":"Confusability and interference between members of parafoveal letter pairs","volume":"32","author":"Chastain","year":"1982","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/13.1.24","article-title":"Source confusion is a major cause of crowding","volume":"13","author":"Strasburger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11143","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1925-10.2010","article-title":"Stability of the Visual World during Eye Drift","volume":"30","author":"Poletti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib103","first-page":"17","article-title":"\u00dcber die Gestaltauffassung im indirekten Sehen","volume":"93","author":"Korte","year":"1923","journal-title":"Z. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03213822","article-title":"Asymmetry of visual interference","volume":"25","author":"Banks","year":"1979","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2014.10.006","article-title":"Uncorking the bottleneck of crowding: A fresh look at object recognition","volume":"1","author":"Herzog","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33508-1","article-title":"Crowding results from optimal integration of visual targets with contextual information","volume":"13","author":"Cicchini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/12.10.13","article-title":"Grouping, pooling, and when bigger is better in visual crowding","volume":"12","author":"Manassi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/13.13.10","article-title":"When crowding of crowding leads to uncrowding","volume":"13","author":"Manassi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19072","article-title":"Evaluating Descriptive Metrics of the Human Cone Mosaic","volume":"57","author":"Cooper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2016.02.002","article-title":"Painfree and accurate Bayesian estimation of psychometric functions for (potentially) overdispersed data","volume":"122","author":"Sch\u00fctt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9498","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0529-17.2017","article-title":"Spatiochromatic Interactions between Individual Cone Photoreceptors in the Human Retina","volume":"37","author":"Tuten","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib110","article-title":"Local variations in L\/M ratio influence the detection and color naming of small spots","volume":"25","author":"Greene","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib111","first-page":"6","article-title":"The QUEST staircase procedure","volume":"14","author":"Watson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Appl. Vis. Assoc. Newsl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.6.10","article-title":"Automatic Detection of Cone Photoreceptors With Fully Convolutional Networks","volume":"8","author":"Hamwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07103-0","article-title":"Open source software for automatic detection of cone photoreceptors in adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy using convolutional neural networks","volume":"7","author":"Cunefare","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007_bib114","article-title":"Neural network assisted annotation and analysis tool to study in-vivo foveolar cone photoreceptor topography","volume":"15","author":"Gutnikov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Current Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982225014757?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982225014757?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T11:07:29Z","timestamp":1766142449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960982225014757"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0960982225014757"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-9822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-9822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Non-uniform signal pooling across the foveola","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2025.11.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}