{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:46:16Z","timestamp":1791953176065,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence nationale de la recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-20-CE11-0017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-20-CE11-0017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEQ20180339165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEQ20180339165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007492","name":"Fondation Bettencourt Schueller","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004794","name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007586","name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007586","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:35:22Z","timestamp":1788968122000},"page":"4953-4964.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experimental evolution reveals genetic routes for adaptive loss of the antibacterial type VI secretion system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Boris","family":"Taillefer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas B.","family":"Desjardins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0611-9179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Cascales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.10.005","article-title":"Aim, load, fire: The Type VI secretion system, a bacterial nanoweapon","volume":"24","author":"Cianfanelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PSIB-0031-2019","article-title":"Structure and Activity of the Type VI Secretion System","volume":"7","author":"Cherrak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14648","article-title":"Activity, delivery, and diversity of Type VI secretion effectors","volume":"115","author":"Jur\u0117nas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009541","article-title":"Mobile Type VI secretion system loci of the gut Bacteroidales display extensive intra-ecosystem transfer, multi-species spread and geographical clustering","volume":"17","author":"Garc\u00eda-Bayona","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000898","article-title":"In silico investigation of the genus Campylobacter type VI secretion system reveals genetic diversity in organization and putative effectors","volume":"8","author":"Robinson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.001151","article-title":"Presence and absence of type VI secretion systems in bacteria","volume":"168","author":"Unni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00323-24","article-title":"A pangenomic atlas reveals eco-evolutionary dynamics that shape type VI secretion systems in plant-pathogenic Ralstonia","volume":"15","author":"Aoun","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54649-5","article-title":"Distribution of the four type VI secretion systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and classification of their core and accessory effectors","volume":"16","author":"Habich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-10-104","article-title":"Dissecting the bacterial type VI secretion system by a genome wide in silico analysis: what can be learned from available microbial genomic resources?","volume":"10","author":"Boyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-016-2377-z","article-title":"Type VI secretion systems of human gut Bacteroidales segregate into three genetic architectures, two of which are contained on mobile genetic elements","volume":"17","author":"Coyne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-03164-6","article-title":"High genetic diversity and different type VI secretion systems in Enterobacter species revealed by comparative genomics analysis","volume":"24","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/ecosalplus.esp-0009-2015","article-title":"The Type VI secretion system in Escherichia coli and related species","volume":"7","author":"Journet","year":"2016","journal-title":"EcoSal Plus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00105-25","article-title":"Large-scale genomic analysis reveals the distribution and diversity of type VI secretion systems in Escherichia coli","volume":"10","author":"Nesporova","year":"2025","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1128\/br.36.4.525-557.1972","article-title":"Pedigrees of some mutant strains of Escherichia coli K-12","volume":"36","author":"Bachmann","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bacteriol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000106","article-title":"Sequencing a piece of history: complete genome sequence of the original Escherichia coli strain","volume":"3","author":"Dunne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001133","article-title":"Parallel loss of type VI secretion systems in two multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli lineages","volume":"9","author":"Cummins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.02.003","article-title":"Experimental evolution as a tool to investigate natural processes and molecular functions","volume":"27","author":"Remigi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.13292","article-title":"A phospholipase A1 antibacterial Type VI secretion effector interacts directly with the C-terminal domain of the VgrG spike protein for delivery","volume":"99","author":"Flaugnatti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34405","article-title":"Structure and specificity of the Type VI secretion system ClpV-TssC interaction in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli","volume":"6","author":"Douzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0234-3","article-title":"In vivo TssA proximity labelling during type VI secretion biogenesis reveals TagA as a protein that stops and holds the sheath","volume":"3","author":"Santin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1906","article-title":"Comparative genome sequencing of Escherichia coli allows observation of bacterial evolution on a laboratory timescale","volume":"38","author":"Herring","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911253107","article-title":"RNA polymerase mutants found through adaptive evolution reprogram Escherichia coli for optimal growth in minimal media","volume":"107","author":"Conrad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23150","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.195305","article-title":"Functional and metabolic effects of adaptive glycerol kinase (GLPK) mutants in Escherichia coli","volume":"286","author":"Applebee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00756","article-title":"Genetic adaptation to growth under laboratory conditions in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica","volume":"9","author":"Kn\u00f6ppel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.3832305","article-title":"Parallel adaptive evolution cultures of Escherichia coli lead to convergent growth phenotypes with different gene expression states","volume":"15","author":"Fong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29063","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.49.29063","article-title":"Molecular cloning and characterization of AqpZ, a water channel from Escherichia coli","volume":"270","author":"Calamita","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02955-1","article-title":"Functional selectivity for glycerol of the nodulin 26 subfamily of plant membrane intrinsic proteins","volume":"523","author":"Wallace","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2005.05.005","article-title":"What makes an aquaporin a glycerol channel? A comparative study of AqpZ and GlpF","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508926200","article-title":"Crystal structure of AqpZ tetramer reveals two distinct Arg-189 conformations associated with water permeation through the narrowest constriction of the water-conducting channel","volume":"281","author":"Jiang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4940","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1719375115","article-title":"Codon usage of highly expressed genes affects proteome-wide translation efficiency","volume":"115","author":"Frumkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib31","article-title":"Effects of synonymous mutations beyond codon bias: The evidence for adaptive synonymous substitutions from microbial evolution experiments","volume":"13","author":"Bailey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gen. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002205","article-title":"An epigenetic switch involving overlapping Fur and DNA methylation optimizes expression of a type VI secretion gene cluster","volume":"7","author":"Brunet","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W70","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn188","article-title":"The Vienna RNA Websuite","volume":"36","author":"Gruber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mie.2018.08.033","article-title":"FASTBAC-Seq: Functional analysis of toxin\u2013antitoxin systems in bacteria by deep sequencing","volume":"612","author":"Masachis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2203593119","article-title":"Recurrent emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem resistance mediated by an inhibitory ompK36 mRNA secondary structure","volume":"119","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002386","article-title":"Towards a structural comprehension of bacterial type VI secretion systems: Characterization of the TssJ-TssM complex of an Escherichia coli pathovar","volume":"7","author":"Felisberto-Rodrigues","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14667","article-title":"Biogenesis and structure of a type VI secretion membrane core complex","volume":"523","author":"Durand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27031","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.499772","article-title":"TssK is a trimeric cytoplasmic protein interacting with components of both phage-like and membrane anchoring complexes of the type VI secretion system","volume":"288","author":"Zoued","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20131426","article-title":"Biochemical analysis of TssK, a core component of the bacterial Type VI secretion system, reveals distinct oligomeric states of TssK and identifies a TssK\u2013TssFG subcomplex","volume":"461","author":"English","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005545","article-title":"The type VI secretion TssEFGK-VgrG phage-like baseplate is recruited to the TssJLM membrane complex via multiple contacts and serves as assembly platform for tail tube\/sheath polymerization","volume":"11","author":"Brunet","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0260-1","article-title":"Biogenesis and structure of a type VI secretion baseplate","volume":"3","author":"Cherrak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2016.08.030","article-title":"Structure\u2013function analysis of the TssL cytoplasmic domain reveals a new interaction between the type VI secretion baseplate and membrane complexes","volume":"428","author":"Zoued","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2017.103","article-title":"Type VI secretion TssK baseplate protein exhibits structural similarity with phage receptor-binding proteins and evolved to bind the membrane complex","volume":"2","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib44","article-title":"Coevolution-guided mapping of the type VI secretion membrane complex-baseplate interface","volume":"435","author":"Vanlio\u011flu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07706.x","article-title":"CsgE is a curli secretion specificity factor that prevents amyloid fibre aggregation","volume":"81","author":"Nenninger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.6432014.x","article-title":"RfaH and the ops element, components of a novel system controlling bacterial transcription elongation","volume":"26","author":"Bailey","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00724-9","article-title":"The transcriptional regulator RfaH stimulates RNA chain synthesis after recruitment to elongation complexes by the exposed nontemplate DNA strand","volume":"109","author":"Artsimovitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08567-6","article-title":"Reversible fold-switching controls the functional cycle of the antitermination factor RfaH","volume":"10","author":"Zuber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02717-20","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02717-20","article-title":"Origins and molecular evolution of the NusG paralog RfaH","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-023-02230-6","article-title":"Community composition and the environment modulate the population dynamics of type VI secretion in human gut bacteria","volume":"7","author":"Robitaille","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004500","article-title":"Silencing by H-NS potentiated the evolution of Salmonella","volume":"10","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00198-15","article-title":"H-NS silencing of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 6-encoded type VI secretion system limits Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium interbacterial killing","volume":"83","author":"Brunet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib53","article-title":"The Vibrio fischeri type VI secretion system incurs a fitness cost under host-like conditions","author":"Septer","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00357-23","article-title":"No fitness cost entailed by type VI secretion system synthesis, assembly, contraction, or disassembly in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli","volume":"205","author":"Taillefer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib55","article-title":"Constitutive expression of the type VI secretion system carries no measurable fitness cost in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26847-y","article-title":"Type VI secretion system mutations reduced competitive fitness of classical Vibrio cholerae biotype","volume":"12","author":"Kostiuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00222-22","article-title":"The evolution of a specialized, highly virulent fish pathogen through gene loss and acquisition of host-specific survival mechanisms","volume":"88","author":"Baseggio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-022-01234-7","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphism determines constitutive versus inducible type VI secretion in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"16","author":"Drebes D\u00f6rr","year":"2022","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00422-22","article-title":"Evolution of a cis -acting SNP that controls type VI secretion in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"13","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048320","article-title":"Constitutive type VI secretion system expression gives Vibrio cholerae intra- and interspecific competitive advantages","volume":"7","author":"Unterweger","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib61","article-title":"Rapid adaptation often occurs through mutations to the most highly conserved positions of the RNA polymerase core enzyme","volume":"14","author":"Cohen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00075-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00075-20","article-title":"Fur-Dam regulatory interplay at an internal promoter of the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli type VI secretion sci1 gene cluster","volume":"202","author":"Brunet","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13254","article-title":"Putative transcription antiterminator RfaH contributes to Erwinia amylovora virulence","volume":"23","author":"Klee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.02662-22","article-title":"RfaH counter-silences inhibition of transcript elongation by H-NS\u2013StpA nucleoprotein filaments in pathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"13","author":"Hustmyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-022-2109-9","article-title":"Characterization of transcriptional activities at a divergent promoter of the type VI secretion system in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003838","article-title":"Phenotypic heterogeneity optimizes trade-offs during adaptive deployment of the type VI secretion system","volume":"24","author":"Taillefer","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6228","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.20.6228-6237.1997","article-title":"Methods for generating precise deletions and insertions in the genome of wild-type Escherichia coli: application to open reading frame characterization","volume":"179","author":"Link","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6640","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.120163297","article-title":"One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products","volume":"97","author":"Datsenko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.22.e97","article-title":"A rapid method for efficient gene replacement in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans","volume":"28","author":"Chaveroche","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.10.5752","article-title":"A bacterial two-hybrid system based on a reconstituted signal transduction pathway","volume":"95","author":"Karimova","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib69","first-page":"19.10.1","article-title":"Galaxy: A web-based genome analysis tool for experimentalists","author":"Blankenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.2289704","article-title":"Mauve: Multiple alignment of conserved genomic sequence with rearrangements","volume":"14","author":"Darling","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp356","article-title":"Reordering contigs of draft genomes using the Mauve Aligner","volume":"25","author":"Rissman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.65151","article-title":"Misic, a general deep learning-based method for the high-throughput cell segmentation of complex bacterial communities","volume":"10","author":"Panigrahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.77","article-title":"MicrobeJ, a tool for high throughput bacterial cell detection and quantitative analysis","volume":"1","author":"Ducret","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.4706","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative methods to measure antibacterial activity resulting from bacterial competition","volume":"13","author":"Taillefer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bio-Protoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.03.017","article-title":"Single-step method for \u03b2-galactosidase assays in Escherichia coli using a 96-well microplate reader","volume":"503","author":"Schaefer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2016.05.063","article-title":"A data comparison between a traditional and the single-step \u03b2-galactosidase assay","volume":"8","author":"Schaefer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Data Brief"}],"container-title":["Current Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982226010973?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982226010973?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:04:34Z","timestamp":1791950674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960982226010973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0960982226010973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-9822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-9822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Experimental evolution reveals genetic routes for adaptive loss of the antibacterial type VI secretion system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2026.08.046","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}