{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:12:24Z","timestamp":1792465944778,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"The Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RPG-2024-061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPG-2024-061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/Z515863\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/Z515863\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/Z514809\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/Z514809\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cell.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Current Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T14:53:02Z","timestamp":1791384782000},"page":"5407-5415.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Miniaturization of duckweeds occurred through compression of the angiosperm body plan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Ware","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Bhosale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2962-9542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony","family":"Bishopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13965","article-title":"The cardiorespiratory system of miniature frogs","volume":"244","author":"Carrasco-Medina","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.11.059","article-title":"The Compact Body Plan of Tardigrades Evolved by the Loss of a Large Body Region","volume":"26","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ajb2.16117","article-title":"Target sequence data shed new light on the infrafamilial classification of Araceae","volume":"110","author":"Haigh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib4","series-title":"Flowering Plants Monocotyledons","article-title":"The families and genera of vascular plants","volume":"4","author":"Mayo","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koab189","article-title":"Return of the Lemnaceae: duckweed as a model plant system in the genomics and postgenomics era","volume":"33","author":"Acosta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib6","series-title":"The Family of Lemnaceae \u2013 a Monographic Study","author":"Landolt","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1086\/314298","article-title":"Comparative shoot development and evolution in the Lemnaceae","volume":"161","author":"Lemon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02860083","article-title":"A Review of the Descriptive and Experimental Literature Author(s): William S. Hillman","volume":"27","author":"Hillman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Bot. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiae173","article-title":"Phytohormonal regulation determines the organization pattern of shoot aerenchyma in greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)","volume":"195","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2021.697206","article-title":"Characterization of Frond and Flower Development and Identification of FT and FD Genes From Duckweed Lemna aequinoctialis Nd","volume":"12","author":"Yoshida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13653","article-title":"The chromosome-level genome of a free-floating aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes provides insights into its rapid invasion","volume":"22","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13239","article-title":"A high-quality genome of taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), one of the world\u2019s oldest crops","volume":"21","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2021.771081","article-title":"Comparative Transcriptome Sequencing of Taro Corm Development With a Focus on the Starch and Sucrose Metabolism Pathway","volume":"12","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib14","article-title":"OrthoFinder: scalable phylogenetic orthology inference for comparative genomics","author":"Emms","year":"2025","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-021-00958-2","article-title":"Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals conserved programmes underpinning organogenesis and reproduction in land plants","volume":"7","author":"Julca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2019.01.003","article-title":"MapMan4: A Refined Protein Classification and Annotation Framework Applicable to Multi-Omics Data Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Schwacke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.12.015","article-title":"Evolutionary transcriptomics unveils rapid changes of gene expression patterns in flowering plants","volume":"189","author":"Schuster","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2005.01371.x","article-title":"A functional-structural model of elongation of the grass leaf and its relationships with the phyllochron","volume":"166","author":"Fournier","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2016.06.009","article-title":"Leaf growth in dicots and monocots: So different yet so alike","volume":"33","author":"Nelissen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712168105","article-title":"A chemical method for fast and sensitive detection of DNA synthesis in vivo","volume":"105","author":"Salic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13289","article-title":"Imaging plant cell walls using fluorescent stains: The beauty is in the details","volume":"295","author":"Piccinini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.24.110193.002441","article-title":"MINIATURIZATION OF BODY SIZE: Organismal Consequences and Evolutionary Significance","volume":"24","author":"Hanken","year":"2026","journal-title":"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.664.2.6","article-title":"Chiloschista eckhardii (Orchidaceae, Aeridinae), a new miniature leafless orchid from northern Vietnam","volume":"664","author":"Dang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-016-1282-x","article-title":"Of dwarfs and giants: phylogeny of the Petasites-clade (Asteraceae-Senecioneae) and evolution of miniaturization in arctic-alpine environments","volume":"302","author":"Steffen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Syst. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00937434","article-title":"The Supraspecific Taxonomy and Evolution of the Fern Genus Azolla (Azollaceae)","volume":"184","author":"Saunders","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plant Systematics and Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2015.08.017","article-title":"Characterizing dose response relationships: Chronic gamma radiation in Lemna minor induces oxidative stress and altered polyploidy level","volume":"150","author":"Van Hoeck","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.03.025","article-title":"Loss of ancestral function in duckweed roots is accompanied by progressive anatomical reduction and a re-distribution of nutrient transporters","volume":"33","author":"Ware","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2021.11.014","article-title":"Wolffia, a minimalist plant and synthetic biology chassis","volume":"27","author":"Lam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.279091.124","article-title":"Streamlined spatial and environmental expression signatures characterize the minimalist duckweed Wolffia australiana","volume":"34","author":"Denyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4197","article-title":"Salmon provides fast and bias-aware quantification of transcript expression","volume":"14","author":"Patro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.03.013","article-title":"Duckweed genomes and epigenomes underlie triploid hybridization and clonal reproduction","volume":"35","author":"Ernst","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.13784","article-title":"A protocol for combining fluorescent proteins with histological stains for diverse cell wall components","volume":"93","author":"Ursache","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant J."}],"container-title":["Current Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982226012133?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0960982226012133?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T15:06:06Z","timestamp":1792422366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0960982226012133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0960982226012133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-9822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-9822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Miniaturization of duckweeds occurred through compression of the angiosperm body plan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Current Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2026.09.035","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}