{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T21:54:52Z","timestamp":1770069292931,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,18]],"date-time":"2005-04-18T10:53:34Z","timestamp":1113821614000},"page":"11-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Monitoring the critically ill equine patient"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"K.Gary","family":"Magdesian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB1","unstructured":"McDonell W. Monitoring techniques during anesthesia or intensive care. In: Proceedings of the Second International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society Symposium. San Antonio; 1990. p. 463\u201370."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB2","series-title":"Textbook of critical care","first-page":"74","article-title":"Invasive and noninvasive monitoring","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB3","series-title":"Equine clinical neonatology","first-page":"262","article-title":"Cardiovascular monitoring of the critically ill foal","author":"Vaala","year":"1990"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2002.tb00187.x","article-title":"Monitoring and treating haemodynamic disturbances in critically ill neonatal foals","volume":"14","author":"Corley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1982.43.01.50","article-title":"Correct occlusive bladder width for indirect pressure measurement in horses","volume":"43","author":"Parry","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1435-6935.2002.00027.x","article-title":"Indirect oscillometric and direct blood pressure measurement in anesthetized and conscious neonatal foals","volume":"12","author":"Nout","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1980.41.10.1626","article-title":"Influence of head height on arterial blood pressure in standing horses","volume":"41","author":"Parry","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1977.tb00157.x","article-title":"A method for indirect measurement of arterial blood pressure in the horse","volume":"53","author":"Gay","year":"1977","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03695.x","article-title":"Study of arterial blood pressure in newborn foals using an electronic sphygmomanometer","volume":"18","author":"Franco","year":"1986","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB10","series-title":"Large animal internal medicine","first-page":"294","article-title":"Supportive care of the abnormal newborn","author":"Vaala","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04107.x","article-title":"Glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, blood pressure and pulse rate in the equine neonate during the first 10 days post partum","volume":"30","author":"Holdstock","year":"1998","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB12","first-page":"623","article-title":"Systemic and pulmonary haemodynamics in normal neonatal foals","volume":"35","author":"Thomas","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB13","series-title":"Textbook of critical care","first-page":"27","article-title":"Resuscitation of the newborn","author":"Gregory","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB14","series-title":"Large animal internal medicine","first-page":"443","article-title":"Diseases of the cardiovascular system","author":"Reef","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1987.48.01.7","article-title":"Cardiovascular and respiratory measurements in awake and isoflurane-anesthetized horses","volume":"48","author":"Steffey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB16","series-title":"Equine anesthesia: monitoring and emergency therapy","first-page":"39","article-title":"The cardiovascular system","author":"Bonagura","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1975.36.11.1667","article-title":"Cardiopulmonary measurements in nonanesthetized, resting normal ponies","volume":"36","author":"Orr","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1976.tb03290.x","article-title":"Ultrasonic measurement of arterial blood pressure in conditioned Thoroughbreds","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2002.tb00199.x","article-title":"Monitoring and treating haemodynamic disturbances in critically ill neonatal foals","volume":"14","author":"Corley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.97.4.66","article-title":"Measurement of central venous pressure in horses","volume":"97","author":"Hall","year":"1975","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1977.170.02.216","article-title":"Effects of preanesthetic medication, anesthesia, and position of recumbency on central venous pressure in horses","volume":"170","author":"Klein","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2002.tb01256.x","article-title":"Effects of a polymerized ultrapurified bovine hemoglobin blood substitute administered to ponies with normovolemic anemia","volume":"16","author":"Belgrave","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1984.45.11.2431","article-title":"Renal clearance and fractional excretion of electrolytes over a 24-hour period in horses","volume":"45","author":"Morris","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00927.x","article-title":"Renal clearance, urinary excretion of endogenous substances, and urinary diagnostic indices in healthy neonatal foals","volume":"5","author":"Brewer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB25","series-title":"Current therapy in equine medicine","first-page":"828","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of polyuria\/polydipsia","author":"Knottenbelt","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1990.tb07779.x","article-title":"Indices of renal function: values in eight normal foals from birth to 56 days","volume":"67","author":"Edwards","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB27","series-title":"Kirk's current veterinary therapy XIII (small animal practice)","first-page":"112","article-title":"Lactate measurement: diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications","author":"Hughes","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1746-7","article-title":"Lactic acidosis","volume":"29","author":"De Backer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB29","first-page":"415","article-title":"Hypoxia is not the sole cause of lactate production during shock","volume":"52","author":"Luchette","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1990.tb03113.x","article-title":"Exacerbation of hyperlactatemia by infusion of lactated Ringer's solution in dogs with lymphoma","volume":"4","author":"Vail","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB31","series-title":"Fluid therapy in small animal practice","first-page":"265","article-title":"Introduction to fluid therapy","author":"DiBartola","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1980.41.10.1696","article-title":"Lactic acidosis and arterial hypoxemia during sublethal endotoxemia in conscious ponies","volume":"41","author":"Moore","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB33","first-page":"32","article-title":"Haematology and biochemistry reference values for the light horse","volume":"44","author":"Lumsden","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can J Comp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(91)90244-7","article-title":"Diurnal changes in lactic and pyruvic acid levels and pH values in foals during the first 13 weeks of their life and in their lactating mothers","volume":"99","author":"Flisinska-Bojanowska-A","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03744.x","article-title":"Serum and peritoneal fluid amylase and lipase reference values in horses","volume":"23","author":"Parry","year":"1991","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1976.tb03289.x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of blood lactate levels in equine colic","volume":"8","author":"Moore","year":"1976","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(94)90204-6","article-title":"Peritoneal fluid lactic acid and diagnostic dilemmas in acute abdominal disease","volume":"167","author":"DeLaurier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB38","first-page":"607","article-title":"Sympathoadrenal and other responses to hypoglycemia in the young foal","volume":"35","author":"Silver","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB39","first-page":"705","article-title":"Metabolic profiles of newborn foals","volume":"23","author":"Kitchen","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.1999.0119","article-title":"Selection of babies for intervention after birth asphyxia","volume":"5","author":"Groenendaal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Neonatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03111.x","article-title":"Accuracy of Accusport for measurement of lactate concentrations in equine blood and plasma","volume":"28","author":"Evans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02261.x","article-title":"Measurement of plasma colloid osmotic pressure in normal Thoroughbred neonatal foals","volume":"14","author":"Runk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.12.2241","article-title":"Relationship between colloid osmotic pressure and plasma protein concentration in cattle, horses, dogs, and cats","volume":"53","author":"Thomas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.07.910","article-title":"Comparison of measured and calculated values for colloid osmotic pressure in hospitalized animals","volume":"55","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198011000-00003","article-title":"Comparison of measured and calculated colloid osmotic pressure of serum and pulmonary edema fluid in patients with pulmonary edema","volume":"8","author":"Sprung","year":"1980","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1130","article-title":"Effect of hydroxyethyl starch infusion on colloid oncotic pressure in hypoproteinemic horses","volume":"218","author":"Jones","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.05.541","article-title":"Oncotic, hemodilutional, and hemostatic effects of isotonic saline and hydroxyethyl starch solutions in clinically normal ponies","volume":"58","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198905000-00019","article-title":"Colloid oncotic pressure as a guide for the anesthesiologist in directing fluid therapy","volume":"82","author":"Haynes","year":"1989","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01615.x","article-title":"Evaluation of pulse oximetry in anaesthetised foals using multiple combinations of transducer type and transducer attachment site","volume":"28","author":"Chaffin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1990.tb01179.x","article-title":"Pulse oximetry in horses","volume":"19","author":"Whitehair","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02447.x","article-title":"Cardiac output technologies with special reference to the horse","volume":"17","author":"Corley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.731","article-title":"Cardiac output measured by lithium dilution, thermodilution, and transesophageal Doppler echocardiography in anesthetized horses","volume":"61","author":"Linton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.2746\/042516402776180287","article-title":"Comparison of lithium dilution and thermodilution cardiac output measurements in anaesthetised neonatal foals","volume":"34","author":"Corley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04198.x","article-title":"Haemodynamic, pathological, haematological and behavioural changes during endotoxin infusion in equine neonates","volume":"22","author":"Lavoie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.56.1","article-title":"Comparison of methods of cardiac output measurements determined by dye dilution, pulsed Doppler echocardiography and thermodilution in horses","volume":"56","author":"Mizuno","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.76.6.647","article-title":"Complications of pulmonary artery catheterization in the care of critically ill patients. A prospective study","volume":"76","author":"Elliott","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB57","series-title":"Current therapy in equine medicine","first-page":"572","article-title":"Cardiovascular examination and diagnostic techniques","author":"Durando","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB58","series-title":"Manual of equine emergencies","first-page":"130","article-title":"Cardiovascular system","author":"Reef","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB59","first-page":"204","article-title":"Central venous oxygen saturation monitoring in the critically ill patient","volume":"7","author":"Rivers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB60","unstructured":"Divers TJ. Blood transfusion therapy in horses and foals. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society. Orlando; 2000. p. 658\u201360."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1987.48.06.971","article-title":"Mixed venous oxygen tension as an estimate of cardiac output in anesthetized horses","volume":"48","author":"Wetmore","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB62","unstructured":"Rentko VT. Tissue oxygenation via red cells and plasma in the equine patient. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society. Orlando; 2000. p. 701\u20133."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01300.x","article-title":"Blood-gas, acid-base and haematological values in horses during an endurance ride","volume":"11","author":"Rose","year":"1979","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1992.tb02864.x","article-title":"Mixed venous blood gases in recumbent and upright positions in foals from birth to 14 days of age","volume":"24","author":"Madigan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB65","series-title":"Manual of equine emergencies: treatments and procedures","first-page":"541","article-title":"Neonatology","author":"Wilkins","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB66","series-title":"Equine clinical neonatology","first-page":"153","article-title":"Respiratory disease: approach to diagnosis","author":"Koterba","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30667-3","article-title":"Blood gas and acid-base changes in the neonatal foal","volume":"3","author":"Hodgson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.213.05.691","article-title":"Evaluation of a portable clinical analyzer in a veterinary hospital setting","volume":"213","author":"Grosenbaugh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.1999.0067","article-title":"Accuracy and precision of the portable StatPal II and the laboratory-based NOVA Stat Profile 1 for measurement of pH, PCO2, and PO2 in equine blood","volume":"28","author":"Klein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB70","series-title":"Manual of equine emergencies: treatment and procedures","first-page":"628","article-title":"Emergency measurement of complete blood count, serum chemistry values, blood gases, and body fluids in equine practice","author":"Divers","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB71","series-title":"Manual of equine neonatal medicine","first-page":"368","article-title":"Blood gases","author":"Madigan","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB72","unstructured":"Madigan JE, Thomas WP. Cardiopulmonary function in normal newborn foals from 1\u201314 days of age. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum. Washington, DC, 1984. p. 101\u201316."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1984.tb01936.x","article-title":"Respiratory studies in foals from birth to seven days old","volume":"16","author":"Steward","year":"1984","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB74","first-page":"521","article-title":"Blood gas and acid-base status in spontaneously delivered, term-induced and induced premature foals","volume":"32","author":"Rose","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04111.x","article-title":"Arterial blood gases and acid-base balance in healthy young and old horses","volume":"30","author":"Aguilera-Tejero","year":"1998","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB76","series-title":"Current therapy in equine medicine","first-page":"870","article-title":"Normal clinical pathology data","author":"Parry","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1983.183.07.773","article-title":"Pathophysiologic and adaptive changes in acid-base disorders","volume":"183","author":"Brobst","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04347.x","article-title":"Evaluation of pulse oximetry in horses surgically treated for colic","volume":"26","author":"Matthews","year":"1994","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.04.497","article-title":"Accuracy of a reflectance pulse oximeter in anesthetized horses","volume":"54","author":"Watney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB80","unstructured":"Palmer J. Respiratory support of critical equine neonates [session 188]. In: Proceedings of 21st Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum. Charlotte; 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB81","unstructured":"Feldman BF. Equine clinical biochemistry. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society Symposium. Orlando; 2000. p. 661\u20133."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1990.tb07779.x","article-title":"Indices of renal function: values in eight normal foals from birth to 56 days","volume":"67","author":"Edwards","year":"1990","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1982.tb02358.x","article-title":"The concept of osmolality: its use in the evaluation of \u201cdehydration\u201d in the horse","volume":"14","author":"Brownlow","year":"1982","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00927.x","article-title":"Renal clearance, urinary excretion of endogenous substances, and urinary diagnostic indices in healthy neonatal foals","volume":"5","author":"Brewer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB85","unstructured":"Wilkins PA. Magnesium infusion in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. In: Proceedings of the 19th American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum. Denver; 2001. p. 242\u20134."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011300","article-title":"Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients","volume":"345","author":"van den Berghe","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.1.93","article-title":"Clinical response to aminoglycoside therapy: importance of the ratio of peak concentration to minimal inhibitory concentration","volume":"155","author":"Moore","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/149.3.443","article-title":"The association of aminoglycoside plasma levels with mortality in patients with gram-negative bacteremia","volume":"149","author":"Moore","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04405.x","article-title":"Effect of route of administration and age on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin administered by the intravenous and intraosseous routes to 3- and 5-day-old foals","volume":"26","author":"Golenz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1086\/514620","article-title":"The pharmacodynamics of aminoglycosides","volume":"27","author":"Lacy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB91","unstructured":"Palmer J. Fetal monitoring. In: Proceedings of the Equine Symposium and 2000 Annual Conference of the Society for Theriogenology. San Antonio; 2000. p. 39\u201343."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.177.02.174","article-title":"Limitations in equine fetal electrocardiography","volume":"177","author":"Buss","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100.2.25","article-title":"Fetal electrocardiography in the mare as a practical aid to diagnosing singleton and twin pregnancy","volume":"100","author":"Parkes","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1978.tb02211.x","article-title":"Foetal electrocardiography in the mare","volume":"10","author":"Colles","year":"1978","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03773.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of fetal well-being during late gestation: development of an equine biophysical profile","volume":"28","author":"Reef","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001_BIB96","unstructured":"Vaala WE. Medical management of mares with complicated pregnancies [session 246]. In: Proceedings of the 21st Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum. Charlotte; 2003."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073903000725?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073903000725?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:05:31Z","timestamp":1760069131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749073903000725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749073903000725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0739"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0739","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Monitoring the critically ill equine patient","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2003.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"converted-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}