{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:22:01Z","timestamp":1791354121070,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]],"date-time":"2014-10-07T13:49:40Z","timestamp":1412689780000},"page":"677-693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Equine Piroplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"L. Nicki","family":"Wise","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Pelzel-McCluskey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Mealey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00251-08","article-title":"Persistently infected horses are reservoirs for intrastadial tick-borne transmission of the apicomplexan parasite Babesia equi","volume":"76","author":"Ueti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1935(92)90061-5","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis: a review","volume":"148","author":"de Waal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.15.3.972","article-title":"An account on equine babesioses","volume":"15","author":"Friedhoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev Sci Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44713","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044713","article-title":"Re-emergence of the Apicomplexan Theileria equi in the United States: elimination of persistent infection and transmission risk","volume":"7","author":"Ueti","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-603","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic position of Theileria equi","volume":"13","author":"Kappmeyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050431","article-title":"Redescription of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 as Theileria equi Mehlhorn, Schein 1998","volume":"84","author":"Mehlhorn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-35","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Theileria equi infecting horses in North America: evidence for a limited source of U.S. introductions","volume":"6","author":"Hall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v80i3.196","article-title":"After-hours equine emergency admissions at a University Referral Hospital (1998-2007): causes and interventions","volume":"80","author":"Viljoen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0S Afr Vet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib9","first-page":"629","article-title":"Piroplasmose vraie du cheval (P. caballi) dans le Sud-Est","volume":"107","author":"Basset","year":"1931","journal-title":"Comp Rend Soc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12168","article-title":"Review of equine piroplasmosis","volume":"27","author":"Wise","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)03114-C","article-title":"Recent developments in elucidating tick vector relationships for anaplasmosis and equine piroplasmosis","volume":"57","author":"Stiller","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.101182","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis associated with Amblyomma cajennense ticks, Texas, USA","volume":"17","author":"Scoles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib13","first-page":"768","article-title":"Transmission of equine piroplasmosis by Dermacentor nitens Neumann","volume":"142","author":"Roby","year":"1963","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.6.1152","article-title":"Transmission of Babesia caballi by Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae) is restricted to one generation in the absence of alimentary reinfection on a susceptible equine host","volume":"45","author":"Schwint","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib15","first-page":"99","article-title":"The transovarial transmission of Babesia caballi by Hyalomma truncatum","volume":"57","author":"De Waal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.5.588","article-title":"Outbreak of equine piroplasmosis in Florida","volume":"240","author":"Short","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.05.017","article-title":"Molecular evidence for transplacental transmission of Theileria equi from carrier mares to their apparently healthy foals","volume":"148","author":"Allsopp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.10.019","article-title":"A\u00a0case of transplacental transmission of Theileria equi in a foal in Trinidad","volume":"175","author":"Georges","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.154.13.406","article-title":"Transplacental transmission of Theileria equi in two foals born and reared in the United Kingdom","volume":"154","author":"Phipps","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib20","first-page":"725","article-title":"Babesiosis in the newborn foal","author":"Erbsloh","year":"1975","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Fertil Suppl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib21","first-page":"5","article-title":"Acute babesiosis in foals","volume":"8","author":"Al-Saad","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anim Vet Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib22","first-page":"454","article-title":"Ticks as vectors of equine piroplasmosis","volume":"155","author":"Thompson","year":"1969","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib23","unstructured":"World Organization of Animal Health. Equine prioplasmosis terrestrial manual. 2013. Available at: www.OIE.int. Accessed February 15, 2013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3064.1","article-title":"Prevalence of antibodies to Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses from northeastern Mexico","volume":"98","author":"Cantu-Martinez","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2307\/3281285","article-title":"Fine structure of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 within lymphocytes and erythrocytes of horses: an in\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro study","volume":"69","author":"Moltmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib26","series-title":"Babesiosis of domestic animals and man","first-page":"197","article-title":"Equine babesiosis","author":"Schein","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76996","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076996","article-title":"Lymphocytes and macrophages are infected by Theileria equi, but T cells and B cells are not required to establish infection in\u00a0vivo","volume":"8","author":"Ramsay","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050404","article-title":"Ultrastructure of sporogony in Babesia equi in salivary glands of adult female Boophilus microplus ticks","volume":"84","author":"Guimaraes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02351869","article-title":"The development of Babesia (Theileria) equi (Laveran, 1901) in the gut and the haemolymph of the vector ticks, Hyalomma species","volume":"80","author":"Zapf","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib30","first-page":"561","article-title":"An investigation into the clinical pathological changes and serological response in horses experimentally infected with Babesia equi and Babesia caballi","volume":"54","author":"de Waal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(75)90006-5","article-title":"Experimental acute Babesia caballi infections. II. Response of platelets and fibrinogen","volume":"37","author":"Allen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib32","series-title":"Infectious diseases of the horse","first-page":"333","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis","author":"Donnellan","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib33","first-page":"453","article-title":"Biology of equine piroplasmosis","volume":"155","author":"Holbrook","year":"1969","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib34","first-page":"699","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis\u2013another emerging disease","volume":"141","author":"Maurer","year":"1962","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.01.043","article-title":"Molecular detection of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in the bone marrow of asymptomatic horses","volume":"170","author":"Pitel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1986.47.08.1668","article-title":"Experimental Babesia equi infection in mature horses","volume":"47","author":"Kuttler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(97)80563-1","article-title":"Clinical and histopathological aspects of splenectomized foals infected by Babesia equi","volume":"17","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(99)00110-7","article-title":"Erythrocyte associated haemato-biochemical changes in Babesia equi infection experimentally produced in donkeys","volume":"85","author":"Ambawat","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(75)90080-X","article-title":"Combined immunodeficiency in horses: characterization of the lymphocyte defect","volume":"3","author":"McGuire","year":"1975","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.5.1909-1913.1994","article-title":"Specific immune responses are required to control parasitemia in Babesia equi infection","volume":"62","author":"Knowles","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.13.2.297-300.2006","article-title":"Development of specific immunoglobulin Ga (IgGa) and IgGb antibodies correlates with control of parasitemia in Babesia equi infection","volume":"13","author":"Cunha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.7.2285-2290.1999","article-title":"Detection of equine antibodies to Babesia caballi by recombinant B. caballi rhoptry-associated protein 1 in a competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"37","author":"Kappmeyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2008.03.005","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory findings in equine piroplasmosis","volume":"28","author":"Zobba","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Equine Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib44","first-page":"915","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis in the United States: a review","volume":"155","author":"Taylor","year":"1969","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(75)90053-3","article-title":"Experimental acute Babesia caballi infections. I. Red blood cell dynamics","volume":"37","author":"Allen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib46","first-page":"345","article-title":"Haematology of experimental babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in steroid immunosuppressed horses","volume":"39","author":"Oladosu","year":"1992","journal-title":"Zentralbl Veterinarmed B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(96)01100-4","article-title":"Equine babesiosis associated with strenuous exercise: clinical and pathological studies in Jordan","volume":"69","author":"Hailat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib48","first-page":"33","article-title":"Isolation of pure Babesia equi and Babesia caballi organisms in splenectomized horses from endemic areas in South Africa","volume":"55","author":"De Waal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(17)35194-1","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis: leukocytic response to Babesia equi (Laveran, 1901) infection in Chile","volume":"131","author":"Rudolph","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(96)80070-4","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis an update on diagnosis, treatment and prevention","volume":"152","author":"Br\u00fcning","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.12.3122-3126.1992","article-title":"Antibody to a recombinant merozoite protein epitope identifies horses infected with Babesia equi","volume":"30","author":"Knowles","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.06.158","article-title":"The different effector function capabilities of the seven equine IgG subclasses have implications for vaccine strategies","volume":"45","author":"Lewis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1982.tb02365.x","article-title":"Evidence of maternal antibodies to Babesia equi and B caballi in foals of seropositive mares","volume":"14","author":"Donnelly","year":"1982","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(86)90091-9","article-title":"Species-specific serodiagnosis of equine piroplasma infections by means of complement fixation test (CFT), immunofluorescence (IIF), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)","volume":"20","author":"Weiland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.01.009","article-title":"Sequence heterogeneity in the gene encoding the rhoptry-associated protein-1 (RAP-1) of Babesia caballi isolates from South Africa","volume":"169","author":"Bhoora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00471-X","article-title":"Detection of Babesia equi (Laveran, 1901) by nested polymerase chain reaction","volume":"101","author":"Nicolaiewsky","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.004","article-title":"Sequence heterogeneity in the 18S rRNA gene within Theileria equi and Babesia caballi from horses in South Africa","volume":"159","author":"Bhoora","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076071","article-title":"Maintenance of serological memory by polyclonal activation of human memory B cells","volume":"298","author":"Bernasconi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2746\/042516402776180124","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of imidocarb dipropionate in horses after intramuscular administration","volume":"34","author":"Belloli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00404-09","article-title":"Imidocarb dipropionate clears persistent Babesia caballii infection with elimination of transmission potential","volume":"53","author":"Schwint","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.10.025","article-title":"Efficacy of imidocarb dipropionate in eliminating Theileria equi from experimentally infected horses","volume":"196","author":"Grause","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v76i1.390","article-title":"Clinical and clinicopathological changes in 6 healthy ponies following intramuscular administration of multiple doses of imidocarb dipropionate","volume":"76","author":"Meyer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0S Afr Vet Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)32521-9","article-title":"Clinicopathological aspects of imidocarb dipropionate toxicity in horses","volume":"31","author":"Adams","year":"1981","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.93.3.73","article-title":"Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia equi): therapeutic trials of imidocarb dihydrochloride in horses and donkeys","volume":"93","author":"Frerichs","year":"1973","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00027-4","article-title":"Vaccination of donkeys against Babesia equi using killed merozoite immunogen","volume":"106","author":"Kumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073914000662?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073914000662?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:15:26Z","timestamp":1760069726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749073914000662"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749073914000662"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0739"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0739","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Equine Piroplasmosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2014.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}