{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:26:59Z","timestamp":1786987619121,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T08:15:23Z","timestamp":1557735323000},"page":"243-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["The Equine Sarcoid"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Derek C.","family":"Knottenbelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib1","series-title":"Clinical equine oncology","first-page":"119","article-title":"Principles of chemotherapy","author":"Knottenbelt","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctep.2005.10.008","article-title":"A\u00a0suggested clinical classification for the equine sarcoid","volume":"4","author":"Knottenbelt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Tech Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2000.00119.x","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of periorbital sarcoid in the horse: 445 cases from 1974 - 1999","volume":"3","author":"Knottenbelt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib4","first-page":"17","article-title":"Equine sarcoid immunotherapy","volume":"69","author":"Klein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Practische Tierarzt"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12144","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot phase II study of the efficacy and biosafety of doxorubicin chemotherapy in tumor-bearing equidae","volume":"27","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1053\/jvet.2001.25874","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the surgical margins of equine sarcoids for bovine papilloma virus DNA","volume":"30","author":"Martens","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12456","article-title":"Laser surgery as a treatment for histologically confirmed sarcoids in the horse","volume":"48","author":"Compston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.08.1125","article-title":"Carbon dioxide laser removal of a verrucous sarcoid from the ear of a horse","volume":"195","author":"Palmer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02981.x","article-title":"Report of the first international workshop on equine sarcoid","volume":"25","author":"Marti","year":"1993","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib10","first-page":"773","article-title":"Carbon dioxide laser as a surgical instrument for sarcoid therapy\u2013a retrospective study on 60 cases","volume":"38","author":"Carstanjen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.c5430","article-title":"Successful treatment of equine sarcoids by topical aciclovir application","volume":"168","author":"Stadler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1215-0","article-title":"Topical use of 5% acyclovir cream for the treatment of occult and verrucous equine sarcoids: a double-blinded placebo-controlled study","volume":"13","author":"Haspeslagh","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib13","first-page":"123","volume":"vol. 17","author":"Knottenbelt","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.02.261","article-title":"Intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin in oily emulsion in horses","volume":"202","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.10.1617","article-title":"Use of cisplatin-containing biodegradable beads for treatment of cutaneous neoplasia in equidae: 59 cases (2000-2004)","volume":"229","author":"Hewes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12331","article-title":"Enhanced cytotoxicity of bleomycin, cisplatin, and carboplatin on equine sarcoid cells following electroporation-mediated delivery in\u00a0vitro","volume":"40","author":"Souza","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103867","article-title":"Electrochemotherapy as a single or adjuvant treatment to surgery of cutaneous sarcoid tumours in horses: a 31-case retrospective study","volume":"179","author":"Tozon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib18","unstructured":"F\u00fcrst, M. Klinische Studie \u00fcber den Einsatz von Bleomycin bei der Behandlung von Equines Sarkoiden [Clinical evaluation of bleomycin for the treatment of equine sarcoid]. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorw\u00fcrde der Vetsuisse-Fakult\u00e4t Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich Zur\u00fcck zum Suchergebnis. 2006."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib19","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study on the use of ultra-deformable liposomes containing bleomycin in the treatment of equine sarcoid","author":"Knottenbelt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib20","unstructured":"Reid SWJ, Reid KT. (1992) The equine sarcoid: Detection of papillomaviral DNA in sarcoid tumours by use of consensus primers and the polymerase chain reaction. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Equine Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK, 7\u201311 July 1991. p. 297-300."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib21","series-title":"Equine sarcoids: a clinical, epidemiological and immunological study","first-page":"33","author":"Brostrom","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30189-X","article-title":"Equine Sarcoids","volume":"14","author":"Goodrich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America (Equine Practice)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00199861","article-title":"Equine sarcoid: BCG immunotherapy compared to cryosurgery in a prospective randomised clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Klein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02552.x","article-title":"BCG treatment of periocular sarcoid","volume":"17","author":"Lavach","year":"1985","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01571.x","article-title":"BCG emulsion immunotherapy of equine sarcoid","volume":"20","author":"Vanselow","year":"1988","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib26","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Immunotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the bovine eye and of equine sarcoid","volume":"115","author":"Klein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tijdschr Diergeneeskd"},{"issue":"4C","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib27","first-page":"3367","article-title":"Equine sarcoid tumour treated by autogenous tumour vaccine","volume":"19","author":"Kinnunen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00390.x","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of BPV-1 L1 virus-like particles in a dose-escalation vaccination trial in horses","volume":"44","author":"Hainisch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib29","unstructured":"Espy BMK How to treat Equine sarcoids by autologous implants. Autologous grafting treatment for equine sarcoid. Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners AAEP 2008, 26\u201329 November 2000, San Antonio. 68-73."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib30","first-page":"709","article-title":"Levine Autologous vaccination for the treatment of equine sarcoids: 18 cases (2009\u20132014)","volume":"56","author":"Rothacker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib31","first-page":"709","article-title":"Autologous vaccination for the treatment of equine sarcoids: 18 cases (2009-2014)","volume":"56","author":"Rothacker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83568-0","article-title":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells represent a reservoir of bovine papillomavirus DNA in sarcoid-affected equines","volume":"89","author":"Brandt","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.09.003","article-title":"Increased FOXP3 expression in tumour-associated tissues of horses affected with equine sarcoid disease","volume":"202","author":"M\u00e4hlmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.06.019","article-title":"Small interfering RNA targeting bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 induces apoptosis in equine sarcoid transformed fibroblasts","volume":"145","author":"Gobeil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.031526-0","article-title":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is crucial for bovine papillomavirus type-1 transformation of equine fibroblasts","volume":"92","author":"Yuan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30192-X","article-title":"Radiation therapy in the horse","volume":"14","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03046.x","article-title":"Iridium-192 interstitial brachytherapy for equine periocular tumours: treatment results and prognostic factors in 115 horses","volume":"27","author":"Th\u00e9on","year":"1995","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1979.tb01283.x","article-title":"Treatment of periocular tumours in horses using radioactive gold198 grains","volume":"11","author":"Wynn-Jones","year":"1979","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.159.11.337","article-title":"Treatment of periocular and non-ocular sarcoids in 18 horses by interstitial brachytherapy with iridium-192","volume":"159","author":"Byam-Cook","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12782","article-title":"Initial experience with high dose rate brachytherapy of periorbital sarcoids in the horse","volume":"30","author":"Hollis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib41","first-page":"77","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo evaluation of hypericin for photodynamic therapy of equine sarcoids the veterinary","volume":"159","author":"Martens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2013.05.009","article-title":"Veterinary photodynamic therapy: a review","volume":"10","author":"Buchholz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0597.x","article-title":"Treatment of clinically diagnosed equine sarcoid with a mistletoe extract (Viscum album austriacus)","volume":"24","author":"Christen-Clottu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00045391-200007030-00007","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and clinical effects of Viscum album (Iscador M and Iscador P) in children with recurrent respiratory infections as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear accident","volume":"7","author":"Chernyshov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3619","article-title":"Assessing the risk of epidemic dropsy from black salve use","author":"Croaker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2016.1204483","article-title":"Clinical course of sarcoids in 61 Franches-Montagnes horses over a 5-7-year period","volume":"36","author":"Berruex","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Q"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073919300185?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073919300185?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:16:11Z","timestamp":1760069771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749073919300185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749073919300185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0739"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0739","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Equine Sarcoid","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2019.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}