{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:17:54Z","timestamp":1793935074678,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T12:05:43Z","timestamp":1665662743000},"page":"525-539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Application of Acupuncture in Equine Practice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Repac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Mangan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huisheng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib1","series-title":"Traditional Chinese veterinary acupuncture and Moxibustion","author":"Yu","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Equine Acupuncture: From Ancient Art to Modern Validation","volume":"4","author":"Xie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Vet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983621","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/983621","article-title":"A\u00a0Retrospective Analysis of 5,195 Patient Treatment Sessions in an Integrative Veterinary Medicine Service: Patient Characteristics, Presenting Complaints, and Therapeutic Interventions","volume":"2015","author":"Shmalberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Med Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.5.619","article-title":"Survey of colleges and schools of veterinary medicine regarding education in complementary and alternative veterinary medicine","volume":"239","author":"Memon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib5","first-page":"55","article-title":"Veterinary Acupuncture: Current Use, Trends and Opinions - American Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine","volume":"6","author":"Hunley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Vet Acupuncture"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib6","first-page":"41","article-title":"Evidence-based Application of Acupuncture in Equine Practice","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Vet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.281","article-title":"Evaluation of electroacupuncture treatment of horses with signs of chronic thoracolumbar pain","volume":"227","author":"Xie","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib8","first-page":"22","article-title":"The effectiveness of electro-acupuncture on pain threshold in sport horses with back pain","volume":"4","author":"Rungsri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib9","first-page":"140","article-title":"Acupuncture in the restoration of vasomotor tonus of equine athletes with back pain","volume":"7","author":"Bello","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dairy Vet Anim Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib10","first-page":"33","article-title":"Effect of Laser Acupuncture on Mitigating Anxiety in Acute Stressed Horses: A Randomized, Controlled Study","volume":"14","author":"Ying","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib11","first-page":"823","article-title":"Response to acupuncture treatment in horses with chronic laminitis","volume":"58","author":"Faramarzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib12","first-page":"9","article-title":"Comparison of First and Second Acupuncture Treatments in Horses with Chronic Laminitis","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib13","first-page":"15","article-title":"Using acupuncture and electroacupuncture in the treatment of laminitis in racing horses: a comparative study","volume":"35","author":"Aljobory","year":"2021","journal-title":"Coll Vet Med\/Univ Mosul"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/vaa.12373","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study of the effects of acupuncture treatment on objective and subjective gait parameters in horses","volume":"44","author":"Dunkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analgesia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib15","first-page":"75","article-title":"Equine Sarcoid treated by acupuncture: eighteen cases","volume":"50","author":"Thoresen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Holist Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.165.20.602","article-title":"Use of electroacupuncture to treat laryngeal hemiplegia in horses","volume":"165","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2008.07.023","article-title":"Aquapuncture Improves Metabolic Capacity in Thoroughbred Horses","volume":"28","author":"Angeli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.5455\/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.3","article-title":"The scientific basis of acupuncture for veterinary pain management: A review based on relevant literature from the last two decades","volume":"11","author":"Dewey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib19","series-title":"Veterinary pain management","first-page":"365","article-title":"Acupuncture","author":"Alvarez","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12928","article-title":"Equine acupuncture methods and applications: A review","volume":"32","author":"Pellegrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib21","first-page":"740","article-title":"Mechanism of electroacupuncture on inflammatory pain: neural-immune-endocrine interactions","volume":"39","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"JTCM"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1177\/0964528420907338","article-title":"Acupuncture stimulation attenuates TNF-\u03b1 production via vagal modulation in the concanavalin A model of hepatitis","volume":"38","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acupuncture Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-020-09708-z","article-title":"Purinergic signaling as a basis of acupuncture-induced analgesia","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-017-2789-x","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Signaling Molecules in Acupoints: Toward Mechanisms of Acupuncture","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(77)90032-X","article-title":"Trigger points and acupuncture points for pain: Correlations and implications","volume":"3","author":"Melzack","year":"1977","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib26","first-page":"35","article-title":"The Validity of Acupuncture in Veterinary Medicine","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Vet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib27","first-page":"35","article-title":"Review of Veterinary Acupuncture Clinical Trials","volume":"11","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Vet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2017.08.003","article-title":"Acupuncture for Small Animal Neurologic Disorders","volume":"48","author":"Roynard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib29","series-title":"Xie\u2019s veterinary acupuncture","author":"Xie","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib30","first-page":"46","article-title":"Characteristics of PET cerebral functional imaging during\u2019 Deqi\u2019 of acupuncture in healthy volunteers","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acupuncture Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jams.2014.02.007","article-title":"Effects and Mechanisms of Acupuncture Based on the Principle of Meridians","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Acupuncture Meridian Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6976892","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6976892","article-title":"Anatomical Evidence of Acupuncture Meridians in the Human Extracellular Matrix: Results from a Macroscopic and Microscopic Interdisciplinary Multicentre Study on Human Corpses","volume":"2019","author":"Maurer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed.2011.010056","article-title":"Neuroanatomical Characteristics of Acupuncture Points: Relationship between Their Anatomical Locations and Traditional Clinical Indications","volume":"29","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acupuncture Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib34","series-title":"Practical Guide to Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine: equine practice","author":"Xie","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0264.1","article-title":"Epinephrine or Gv-26 electrical stimulation reduces inhalant anesthestic recovery time in common snapping turtles (Chelydra Serpentina)","volume":"47","author":"Goe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2013.06.008","article-title":"Pharmacopuncture Versus Acepromazine in Stress Responses of Horses During Road Transport","volume":"34","author":"Santos Godoi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12601","article-title":"Effects of dexmedetomidine administered at acupuncture point GV20 compared to intramuscular route in dogs","volume":"58","author":"Pons","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib38","first-page":"33","article-title":"Prospective Study on the Correlation of Positive Acupuncture Scan and Lameness in 102 Performance Horses","volume":"9","author":"le Jeune","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Vet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib39","unstructured":"Xie H, Holyoak GR. Tips to Improve Acupuncture Results for Lameness in Horses. In: American Association of Equine Practitioners Conference Proceedings. December 1-5 2018; San Francisico, CA."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2015.12.004","article-title":"Acupuncture and Equine Rehabilitation","volume":"32","author":"le Jeune","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Clin Equine Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib41","first-page":"5281039","article-title":"What Is the Appropriate Acupuncture Treatment Schedule for Chronic Pain? Review and Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"2019","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.59565\/EYDX6098","article-title":"Black Box\u00a0Theory and Diagnostic System of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Vet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib43","first-page":"1","article-title":"A\u00a0Randomized, Controlled, Blinded Study of the Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Treatment of Cervical Stiffness in Horses","volume":"16","author":"Pasteur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Vet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib44","first-page":"63","article-title":"Review of Equine Cervical Pain","volume":"11","author":"Pasteur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Traditional Chin Vet Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2002.63.1006","article-title":"Evaluation of a method to experimentally induce colic in horses and the effects of acupuncture applied at the Guan-yuan-shu (similar to BL-21) acupoint","volume":"63","author":"Merritt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"78","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib47","first-page":"1862","article-title":"Electro-acupuncture of Tsusanli and Shangchuhsu regulates gastric activity possibly through mediation of the vagus-solotary complex","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90322.2008","article-title":"Electroacupuncture improves impaired gastric motility and slow waves induced by rectal distension in dogs","volume":"295","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib49","first-page":"2","article-title":"Treating Navicular Syndrome in Equine Patients","volume":"33","author":"Waguespack","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3390\/ani2030455","article-title":"Acupuncture Points of the Horse\u2019s Distal Thoracic Limb: A Neuroanatomic Approach to the Transposition of Traditional Points","volume":"2","author":"Lancaster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15142","article-title":"Pathological classification of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy","volume":"32","author":"Draper","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.249.10.1187","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy of a forelimb in horses: 27 cases (2000\u20132013)","volume":"249","author":"Emond","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073922000505?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073922000505?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T04:18:54Z","timestamp":1760069934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749073922000505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749073922000505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0739"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0739","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical Application of Acupuncture in Equine Practice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2022.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}