{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T21:16:01Z","timestamp":1783545361176,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T23:25:24Z","timestamp":1781220324000},"page":"397-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Therapies for Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Rana","family":"Bozorgmanesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. Gary","family":"Magdesian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib1","series-title":"Small animal clinical pharmacology","first-page":"41","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions","author":"Madison","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib2","author":"Jennings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib3","first-page":"303","article-title":"Toxicity of an orally administered formulation of metronidazole in healthy horses","volume":"42","author":"White","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Association of Equine Practitioners, Proceedings"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.05.021","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors in liver patients","volume":"18","author":"Hsiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062253","article-title":"The effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on liver cirrhosis patients with refractory ascites: a literature review","volume":"12","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib6","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Sodium-glucose transport 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors","author":"Padda","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib7","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Trazodone. 2024 Feb 29","author":"Shin","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.t01-1-01780.x","article-title":"Trazodone-induced hepatotoxicity: a case report with comments on drug-induced hepatotoxicity","volume":"95","author":"Fernandes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib9","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Pentoxifylline. 2024 Feb s 29","author":"Annamaraju","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0547-2","article-title":"Repurposing pentoxifylline for the treatment of fibrosis: an overview","volume":"34","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3892\/br.2024.1861","article-title":"Prolonged use of pentoxifylline increases the life expectancy of patients with compensated cirrhosis: a 20-year retrospective study","volume":"21","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Lu\u00e9vano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib12","first-page":"802","article-title":"Pipeline of new drug treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease\/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24544","article-title":"Pentoxifylline improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Zein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib14","first-page":"1505","article-title":"The effect of alpha-tocopherol and pentoxyfilline on ischemia-reperfusion induced liver injury in rats","volume":"45","author":"Vardareli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.9.1621","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of pentoxifylline and its 5-hydroxyhexyl metabolite after oral and intravenous administration of pentoxifylline to healthy adult horses","volume":"67","author":"Liska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2746\/095777307X229318","article-title":"Presumptive colchicine toxicity in a 17-year-old Arab gelding being treated for chronic active hepatitis","volume":"19","author":"Peek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib17","series-title":"Diseases of the hepatobiliary system, large animal internal medicine","first-page":"953","article-title":"Therapy of liver failure","author":"Davis","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.70048","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of intragastric ursodeoxycholic acid and its impact on bile acid profiles in horses","author":"Macias","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G209","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00121.2015","article-title":"Therapeutic targeting of bile acids","volume":"309","author":"Camilleri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib20","unstructured":"Divers TJ. The equine liver in health and disease. American Association of Equine Practitioners, Proceedings 2015, 61."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.53.81","article-title":"Serum bile acid composition of the dog, cow, horse and human","volume":"53","author":"Washizu","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01839151","article-title":"Bile acid fractionations by high-performance liquid chromatography in equine liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Kaneko","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.5604\/16652681.1198824","article-title":"Is ursodeoxycholic acid detrimental in obstructive cholestasis? A propos of a case of malignant biliary obstruction","volume":"15","author":"Bessone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib24","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Lactulose","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2025"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.194.03.405","article-title":"Cholelithiasis in horses: ten cases (1982-1986)","volume":"194","author":"Johnston","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.5.661","article-title":"Clinical implications of high liver enzyme activities in hospitalized neonatal foals","volume":"239","author":"Haggett","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00725.x","article-title":"Successful treatment and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation of Tyzzer\u2019s disease in a foal and clinical and pathologic characteristics of 6 additional foals (1986-2005)","volume":"20","author":"Borchers","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400777032156","article-title":"Medical treatment of cholangiohepatitis and cholelithiasis in mature horses: 9 cases (1991-1998)","volume":"32","author":"Peek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02483.x","article-title":"Suppurative cholangiohepatitis and enteritis in adult horses","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12534","article-title":"Minimum inhibitory concentrations of equine Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolates (1996-2012)","volume":"29","author":"Rhodes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12030","article-title":"Efficacy of mass antimicrobial treatment of foals with subclinical pulmonary abscesses associated with Rhodococcus equi","volume":"27","author":"Venner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-023-01289-0","article-title":"Dose recommendations for common drugs in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic literature review","volume":"43","author":"Karsten Dafonte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Drug Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.12968\/ukve.2024.8.2.85","article-title":"Management of hepatopathy in horses","volume":"8","author":"Addis","year":"2024","journal-title":"UK-Vet Equine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib34","article-title":"Perioperative management of patients with liver disease for non-hepatic surgery: a systematic review","volume":"75","author":"Endale Simegn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib35","series-title":"Equine medicine, surgery and reproduction","first-page":"49","article-title":"Gastroenterology 2. Hepatic and intestinal disorders","author":"Mair","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199937010-00002","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of opioids in liver disease","volume":"37","author":"Tegeder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Pharmokinet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2009.12.002","article-title":"Anesthesia for patients with renal\/hepatic disease","volume":"25","author":"Weil","year":"2010","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med"},{"issue":"8707","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91594-Z","article-title":"\u201cEndogenous\u201d benzodiazepine activity in body fluid of patients with hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"336","author":"Mullen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Number 10","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.10.1333","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in horses fed silibinin complexed with phospholipid","volume":"74","author":"Hackett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01251-y","article-title":"Silymarin as supportive treatment in liver diseases: a narrative review","author":"Gillessen Hartmut","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1159\/000113648","article-title":"An updated systematic review with meta-analysis for the clinical evidence of silymarin","volume":"15","author":"Saller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Forschende Komplement\u00e4rmed"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib42","first-page":"584","article-title":"Use of milk thistle in farm and companion animals: a review","volume":"89","author":"Tedesco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.10.1327","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of silibinin in horses","volume":"74","author":"Hackett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/vetreco-2020-000416","article-title":"Efficacy of oral Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum on toxicity of imidocarb dipropionate in horses","volume":"7","author":"Jaramillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Veterinary Record Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12002","article-title":"Milk thistle and its derivative compounds: a review of opportunities for treatment of liver disease","volume":"27","author":"Hackett","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2962","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins6102962","article-title":"Milk thistle extract and silymarin inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced lamellar separation of hoof explants in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Reisinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0401rev","article-title":"S-Adenosylmethionine: a control switch that regulates liver function","volume":"1","author":"Mato","year":"2002","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2012.04.041","article-title":"S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) therapy in liver disease: a review of current evidence and clinical utility","volume":"57","author":"Anstee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21650","article-title":"Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in liver health and injury","volume":"45","author":"Mato","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02699.x","article-title":"The effects of S-Adenosylmethionine on clinical pathology and redox potential in the red blood cell, liver, and bile of clinically normal cats","volume":"19","author":"Center","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122124","article-title":"S-adenosyl-L-methionine for the treatment of chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165895","article-title":"S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) halts the autoimmune response in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) via antioxidant and S-glutathionylation processes in cholangiocytes","volume":"1866","author":"Kilanczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) - Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-020-00466-7","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic study of a novel oral formulation of S-adenosylmethionine (MSI-195) in healthy subjects: dose escalation, food effect and comparison to a commercial nutritional supplement product","volume":"21","author":"Cameron","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02395218","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in healthy volunteers","volume":"27","author":"Giulidori","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13601","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and food impact assessment of ademetionine enteric-coated tablet as an endogenous substance drug in healthy Chinese volunteers","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Therapeut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2009.02.010","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic properties of S-Adenosylmethionine after oral and intravenous administration of its tosylate disulfate salt: a multiple-dose, open-label, parallel-group study in healthy Chinese volunteers","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00994.x","article-title":"A comparative review of vitamin E and associated equine disorders","volume":"26","author":"Finno","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12692","article-title":"Effects of feeding two RRR-\u03b1-tocopherol formulations on serum, cerebrospinal fluid and muscle \u03b1-tocopherol concentrations in horses with subclinical vitamin E deficiency","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284820974917","article-title":"The efficacy of vitamin E in reducing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"13","author":"Abdel-Maboud","year":"2020","journal-title":"Therapeut Adv Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1129","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2018-136364","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"95","author":"Amanullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/66347","article-title":"Vitamin E (\u03b1 tocopherol) attenuates toxicity and oxidative stress induced by aflatoxin in rats","volume":"26","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(00)00141-8","article-title":"Vitamin E as treatment for chronic hepatitis B: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"49","author":"Andreone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00476-8","article-title":"A randomized placebo controlled trial of vitamin E for alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"40","author":"Mezey","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.745609","article-title":"Effects of oral vitamin C supplementation on liver health and associated parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147985","article-title":"Association between dietary vitamin C intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study among middle-aged and older adults","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.120228","article-title":"Vitamin C alleviates alcoholic liver injury by suppressing neutrophil infiltration in senescence marker protein 30-knockout mice irrespective of its antioxidant effects","volume":"297","author":"Baek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib67","first-page":"3322","article-title":"Vitamin C as a potential ameliorating agent against hepatotoxicity among alcohol abusers","volume":"27","author":"Al Garea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1080\/1071576031000068627","article-title":"Pulmonary bioavailability of ascorbic acid in an ascorbate-synthesising species, the horse","volume":"37","author":"Deaton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3320325","article-title":"Drug-induced liver injury: clinical evidence of N-Acetyl cysteine protective effects","volume":"2021","author":"Ntamo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1983.23283172844.x","article-title":"Dimethyl sulfoxide: effects on function of fresh platelets and on the viability of platelets in storage","volume":"23","author":"Fratantoni","year":"1983","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3315","article-title":"Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on lipid profiles and liver enzymes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Ardekani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2011.12.011","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 in rats with acetaminophen toxicity","volume":"33","author":"Fouad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121955","article-title":"Long-term zinc supplementation improves liver function and decreases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"10","author":"Hosui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2023.2168993","article-title":"Effects of dietary zinc chloride hydroxide and zinc methionine on the immune system and blood profile of healthy adult horses and ponies","volume":"77","author":"van B\u00f6mmel-Wegmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073926000362?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749073926000362?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T20:43:30Z","timestamp":1783543410000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749073926000362"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0749073926000362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0739"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0739","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Therapies for Liver Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cveq.2026.04.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}