{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:56:36Z","timestamp":1791284196613,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T18:27:40Z","timestamp":1587407260000},"page":"353-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Selected Emerging Infectious Diseases of Squamata"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"La\u2019Toya V.","family":"Latney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.X.","family":"Wellehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638711403415","article-title":"Detection of Cryptosporidium species in feces or gastric contents from snakes and lizards as determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis and partial sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene","volume":"23","author":"Richter","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.05.012","article-title":"The detection of Cryptosporidium serpentis in snake fecal samples by real-time PCR","volume":"204","author":"da Silva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0399:MINART]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Morphology is not a reliable tool for delineating species within Cryptosporidium","volume":"89","author":"Fall","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib4","first-page":"396","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative assessment of direct fluorescence antibody, modified acid-fast stain, and sucrose flotation techniques for detection of Cryptosporidium serpentis oocysts in snake fecal specimens","volume":"1","author":"Graczyk","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.09.006","article-title":"Cryptosporidium varanii takes precedence over C. saurophilum","volume":"118","author":"Pavlasek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.10.002","article-title":"Cloaca prolapse and cystitis in green iguana (Iguana iguana) caused by a novel Cryptosporidium species","volume":"175","author":"Kik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1810-5","article-title":"Multilocus genotypic analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from cockatiels, Japan","volume":"106","author":"Abe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.10.001","article-title":"Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium, Hepatozoon and Spirometra in snakes from central China","volume":"10","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0025.1","article-title":"Renal and cloacal cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium avian genotype V) in a major Mitchell's Cockatoo Lophochroa leadbeateri","volume":"46","author":"Curtiss","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1045-x","article-title":"Occurrence of Cryptosporidium sp. In snakes in Japan","volume":"103","author":"Kuroki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-017-5645-1","article-title":"Prevalence, transmission, and host specificity of Cryptosporidium spp. in various animal groups from two French zoos","volume":"116","author":"Osman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.2.891-899.2004","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. In captive reptiles","volume":"70","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib13","first-page":"187","article-title":"Experimental transmission of Cryptosporidium oocyst isolates from mammals, birds and reptiles to captive snakes","volume":"29","author":"Graczyk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib14","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in juvenile bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): effects of treatment with paromomycin","volume":"21","author":"Grosset","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Herpetol Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.01.018","article-title":"Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in captive green iguanas (Iguana iguana)","volume":"252","author":"Ga\u0142\u0119cki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2013.01.003","article-title":"Selected emerging infectious diseases of squamata","volume":"16","author":"Latney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0080.1","article-title":"Treatment of Cryptosporidium serpentis infection in a king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) with paromomycin","volume":"49","author":"Rivas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib18","first-page":"96","article-title":"Efficacy of glutaraldehyde disinfectant against Cryptosporidium parvum in the presence of various organic soils","volume":"86","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0AOAC Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2013.11.001","article-title":"Drying of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts to slides abrogates use of vital dyes for viability staining","volume":"96","author":"Robertson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Microbiol Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028x.jfp-11-367","article-title":"Effect of chlorine, blanching, freezing, and microwave heating on Cryptosporidium parvum viability inoculated on green peppers","volume":"75","author":"Duhain","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Food Prot"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.042","article-title":"Combination of cell culture and quantitative PCR (cc-qPCR) to assess disinfectants efficacy on Cryptosporidium oocysts under standardized conditions","volume":"167","author":"Shahiduzzaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1638\/03-099","article-title":"Dermatophilus chelonae in a king cobra (Ophiophagus hannah)","volume":"35","author":"Wellehan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6574","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6574","article-title":"Identification of Austwickia chelonae as cause of cutaneous granuloma in endangered crocodile lizards using metataxonomics","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1002\/1873-3468.13208","article-title":"Identification of a diphtheria toxin-like gene family beyond the Corynebacterium genus","volume":"592","author":"Mansfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65478-0","article-title":"Devriesea agamarum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium associated with dermatitis and septicaemia in agamid lizards","volume":"58","author":"Martel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1638\/2012-0100R.1","article-title":"Findings of Devriesea agamarum associated infections in spiny-tailed lizards (Uromastyx sp.) in Croatia","volume":"44","author":"Lukac","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0184.1","article-title":"Devriesea in a Plumed basilisk (Basiliscus pulmfrons) and Chinese water dragons (Physignathus cocincinus) in a zoological collection","volume":"47","author":"Rossier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11874-x","article-title":"A\u00a0virulent clone of Devriesea agamarum affects endangered Lesser Antillean iguanas (Iguana delicatissima)","volume":"7","author":"Hellebuyck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.08.021","article-title":"Devriesea agamarum causes dermatitis in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)","volume":"134","author":"Hellebuyck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.05.003","article-title":"Designing a successful antimicrobial treatment against Devriesea agamarum infections in lizards","volume":"139","author":"Hellebuyck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.01.029","article-title":"Bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) asymptomatically infected with Devriesea agamarum are a source of persistent clinical infection in captive colonies of dab lizards (Uromastyx sp.)","volume":"150","author":"Devloo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2010.02962.x","article-title":"Prolonged environmental persistence requires efficient disinfection procedures to control Devriesea agamarum associated disease in lizards","volume":"52","author":"Hellebuyck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"7393","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10947","article-title":"Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health","volume":"484","author":"Fisher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"42","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13003","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508681112","article-title":"Current extinction rates of reptiles and amphibians","volume":"112","author":"Alroy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U\u00a0S\u00a0A"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12419","article-title":"Correlates of extinction risk in squamate reptiles: the relative importance of biology, geography, threat and range size","volume":"25","author":"B\u00f6hm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob Ecol Biogeogr"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10678","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702078114","article-title":"Extinction risk is most acute for the world\u2019s largest and smallest vertebrates","volume":"114","author":"Ripple","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.3767\/003158513X669698","article-title":"Phylogeny of chrysosporia infecting reptiles: proposal of the new family Nannizziopsiaceae and five new species","volume":"31","author":"Stchigel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01465-13","article-title":"Molecular characterization of reptile pathogens currently known as members of the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii complex and relationship with some human-associated isolates","volume":"51","author":"Sigler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01465-13","article-title":"Molecular characterization of reptile pathogens currently known as members of the chrysosporium anamorph of nannizziopsis vriesii complex and relationship with some human-associated isolates","volume":"51","author":"Sigler","year":"2013","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib40","series-title":"Reptile and amphibian medicine and surgery","first-page":"270","article-title":"Mycology","author":"Wellehan","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib41","first-page":"46","article-title":"An overview of reptile fungal pathogens in the genera Nannizziopsis, Paranannizziopsis, and Ophidiomyces","volume":"26","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Herpetol Med Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx083","article-title":"Characterization of Nannizziopsis guarroi with genomic and proteomic analysis in three lizard species","volume":"56","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12345","article-title":"Nannizziopsis guarroi infection in 2 inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): clinical, cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural aspects","volume":"45","author":"Le Donne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2019.03.020","article-title":"Nannizziopsis chlamydospora associated necrotizing dermatomycosis in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)","volume":"31","author":"Rhim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2009.00736.x","article-title":"Dermatomycosis in a pet inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) caused by a Chrysosporium species related to Nannizziopsis vriesii","volume":"20","author":"Abarca","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638716636422","article-title":"Dermatomycosis in three central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) associated with Nannizziopsis chlamydospora","volume":"28","author":"Schmidt-Ukaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib47","first-page":"443","article-title":"Cutaneous mycoses in chameleons caused by the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (Apinis) Currah","volume":"28","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1638\/04-020","article-title":"Fatal cutaneous mycosis in tentacled snakes (Erpeton tentaculatum caused by the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii","volume":"36","author":"Bertelsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib49","author":"Nichols"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0133","article-title":"Mycotic dermatitis in juvenile freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) caused by Nannizziopsis crocodili","volume":"50","author":"Hill","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2016.1177472","article-title":"Detection of Paranannizziopsis australasiensis in tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) using fungal culture and a generic fungal PCR","volume":"64","author":"Humphrey","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z Vet J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy134","article-title":"Novel Paranannizziopsis species in a Wagler's viper (Tropidolaemus wagleri), tentacled snakes (Erpeton tentaculatum), and a rhinoceros snake (Rhynchophis boulengeri) in a zoological collection","volume":"57","author":"Rainwater","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3844","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03352-1","article-title":"Emerging fungal pathogen Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in wild European snakes","volume":"7","author":"Franklinos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00677-17","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00677-17","article-title":"Genome sequence of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, an emerging fungal pathogen of snakes","volume":"5","author":"Ohkura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1638\/2017-0112R.1","article-title":"Detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in two captive bocourt water snakes (subsessor bocourti) and one captive pueblan milk snake (lampropeltis triangulum campbelli)","volume":"49","author":"Picquet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-04-093.1","article-title":"Detection of snake fungal disease due to Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in Virginia, USA","volume":"52","author":"Guthrie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0123.1","article-title":"Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola on a captive black racer (Coluber constrictor) and a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) in Pennsylvania","volume":"47","author":"Ohkura","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-39.2.329","article-title":"An outbreak of fungal dermatitis and stomatitis in a free-ranging population of pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in Florida","volume":"39","author":"Cheatwood","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wildl Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib59","series-title":"Current therapy in reptile medicine and surgery","first-page":"53","article-title":"Update on fungal infections in reptiles","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib60","author":"Sleeman"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib61","first-page":"7","article-title":"Systemic Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola infection in a free-ranging plains garter snake (Thamnophis radix)","volume":"24","author":"Dolinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Herpetol Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1656\/045.023.0310","article-title":"Detection of snake fungal disease from a Lampropeltis triangulum (eastern milksnake) in northern Michigan","volume":"23","author":"Ravesi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Northeast Naturalist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638716663250","article-title":"Snake fungal disease caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola in a free-ranging mud snake (Farancia abacura)","volume":"28","author":"Last","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib64","author":"Allender"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0034.1","article-title":"Plasma electrophoretic profiles in the eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) and influences of age, sex, year, location, and snake fungal disease","volume":"46","author":"Allender","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-02-049","article-title":"Hematology in an eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) population and the emergence of Ophidiomyces in Illinois, USA","volume":"52","author":"Allender","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.7589\/2015-12-333","article-title":"Detection of Ophidiomyces, the causative agent of snake fungal disease, in the eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) in Michigan, USA, 2014","volume":"52","author":"Allender","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib68","first-page":"173","article-title":"Estimation of Ophidiomyces prevalence to evaluate snake fungal disease risk","volume":"82","author":"Hileman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wildl Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.7589\/2017-05-109","article-title":"Tracking outcomes of snake fungal disease in free-ranging pygmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius)","volume":"54","author":"Lind","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1670\/18-147","article-title":"Interactive effects of food supplementation and snake fungal disease on pregnant pygmy rattlesnakes and their offspring","volume":"53","author":"Lind","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Herpetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1638\/2012-0248R2.1","article-title":"Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola dermatitis in eight free-ranging timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) from Massachusetts","volume":"46","author":"McBride","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib72","first-page":"606","article-title":"Body temperatures and winter activity in overwintering timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus Horridus) In Tennessee, USA","volume":"12","author":"Nordberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Herpetol Conserv Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.funeco.2015.05.003","article-title":"The natural history, ecology, and epidemiology of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola and its potential impact on free-ranging snake populations","volume":"17","author":"Allender","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fungal Ecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0218351","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218351","article-title":"Ophidiomycosis prevalence in Georgia\u2019s Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi) populations","volume":"14","author":"Chandler","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0222.1","article-title":"Disseminated Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola infection in a captive eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus)","volume":"47","author":"Robertson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12406","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of nebulized and subcutaneously implanted terbinafine in cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus)","volume":"40","author":"Kane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0179.1","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of voriconazole and itraconazole in healthy cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) and massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) with snake fungal disease","volume":"48","author":"Lindemann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.7589\/2016-01-012","article-title":"Evaluation of common disinfectants effective against Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the causative agent of snake fungal disease","volume":"52","author":"Rzadkowska","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0217164","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217164","article-title":"Three genetically distinct ferlaviruses have varying effects on infected corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus)","volume":"14","author":"Pees","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870101300208","article-title":"Paramyxovirus infection in caiman lizards (Draecena guianensis)","volume":"13","author":"Jacobson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Diagn Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib82","first-page":"86","article-title":"Virological screening of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and the first detection of paramyxoviruses in this species","volume":"22","author":"Abbas","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Herpetol Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.05.011","article-title":"Comparison of paramyxovirus isolates from snakes, lizards and a tortoise","volume":"144","author":"Marschang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0200R4.1","article-title":"Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of ferlavirus in captive vipers of Costa Rica","volume":"48","author":"Solis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.3390\/v3112087","article-title":"Viruses infecting reptiles","volume":"3","author":"Marschang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.02.002","article-title":"RT-PCR diagnosis followed by sequence characterization of paramyxoviruses in clinical samples from snakes reveals concurrent infections within populations and\/or individuals","volume":"144","author":"Papp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib87","series-title":"Diseases and pathology of reptiles","first-page":"395","article-title":"Viruses and viral diseases of reptiles","author":"Jacobson","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.4.482","article-title":"Immunologic responses in corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) after experimentally induced infection with ferlaviruses","volume":"78","author":"Neul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.04.022","article-title":"Isolation and molecular identification of sunshine virus, a novel paramyxovirus found in Australian snakes","volume":"12","author":"Hyndman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3814-x","article-title":"Taxonomy of the Mononegavirales: update 2018","volume":"163","author":"Amarasinghe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.11.008","article-title":"Evidence for the vertical transmission of Sunshine virus","volume":"175","author":"Hyndman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib92","unstructured":"Wellehan J, Rivera S, Ossiboff R, et\u00a0al. Identification of a novel sunshine virus in sidewinders (Crotalus cerastes) with pneumonia in North America. Proceedings of the 9th World Congress of Herpetology. Dunedin, New Zealand, January 5-10, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2004.03.024","article-title":"Bitis gabonica (Gaboon viper) snake venom gland: toward a catalog for the full-length transcripts (cDNA) and proteins","volume":"337","author":"Francischetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/genomeA.00779-14","article-title":"Genome sequence of a bornavirus recovered from an African garter snake (Elapsoidea loveridgei)","volume":"2","author":"Stenglein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Announc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006881","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006881","article-title":"Divergent bornaviruses from Australian carpet pythons with neurological disease date the origin of extant Bornaviridae prior to the end-Cretaceous extinction","volume":"14","author":"Hyndman","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01484-14","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01484-14","article-title":"Ball python nidovirus: a candidate etiologic agent for severe respiratory disease in Python regius","volume":"5","author":"Stenglein","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-11-144","article-title":"Identification of a novel nidovirus in an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in ball pythons (Python regius)","volume":"11","author":"Uccellini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.068700-0","article-title":"Novel divergent nidovirus in a python with pneumonia","volume":"95","author":"Bodewes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib99","unstructured":"Ziebuhr J, Baric RS, Baker S, et\u00a0al. Reorganization of the family Coronaviridae into two families, Coronaviridae (including the current subfamily Coronavirinae and the new subfamily Letovirinae) and the new family Tobaniviridae (accommodating the current subfamily Torovirinae and three other subfamilies), revision of the genus rank structure and introduction of a new subgenus rank. In: International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. University of Otago, New Zealand, 2018."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib100","first-page":"1","article-title":"Longitudinal and cross-sectional sampling of serpentovirus (nidovirus) infection in captive snakes reveals high prevalence, persistent infection, and increased mortality in pythons and divergent serpentovirus infection in boas and colubrids","volume":"338","author":"Hoon-Hanks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib101","first-page":"22","article-title":"Detection of nidoviruses in live pythons and boas","volume":"45","author":"Marschang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tierarztliche Praxis Ausgabe K Kleintiere\/heimtiere"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00718-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00718-17","article-title":"Nidovirus-associated proliferative pneumonia in the green tree python (Morelia viridis)","volume":"91","author":"Dervas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0012-7","article-title":"The evolutionary history of vertebrate RNA viruses","volume":"556","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0165209","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165209","article-title":"Discovery and partial genomic characterisation of a novel nidovirus associated with respiratory disease in wild shingleback lizards (Tiliqua rugosa)","volume":"11","author":"O\u2019Dea","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0205209","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205209","article-title":"Identification of a novel nidovirus as a potential cause of large scale mortalities in the endangered Bellinger River snapping turtle (Myuchelys georgesi)","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00180-12","article-title":"Identification, characterization, and in\u00a0vitro culture of highly divergent arenaviruses from boa constrictors and annulated tree boas: candidate etiological agents for snake inclusion body disease","volume":"3","author":"Stenglein","year":"2012","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004900","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004900","article-title":"Widespread recombination, reassortment, and transmission of unbalanced compound viral genotypes in natural arenavirus infections","volume":"11","author":"Stenglein","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2013.12.009","article-title":"Structural characterization of the glycoprotein GP2 core domain from the CAS virus, a novel arenavirus-like species","volume":"426","author":"Koellhoffer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.051995-0","article-title":"Detection of novel divergent arenaviruses in boid snakes with inclusion body disease in The Netherlands","volume":"94","author":"Bodewes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Virol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10918","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01123-13","article-title":"Isolation, identification, and characterization of novel arenaviruses, the etiological agents of boid inclusion body disease","volume":"87","author":"Hetzel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8657","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01112-15","article-title":"Arenavirus coinfections are common in snakes with boid inclusion body disease","volume":"89","author":"Hepojoki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.15654\/TPK-140743","article-title":"Identification of snake arenaviruses in live boas and pythons in a zoo in Germany","volume":"43","author":"Aqrawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztl Prax Aus K Kleintiere Heimtiere"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12792","article-title":"Reptarenaviruses in apparently healthy snakes in an Australian zoological collection","volume":"97","author":"Hyndman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aus Vet J"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00451-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00451-17","article-title":"Differential disease susceptibilities in experimentally reptarenavirus-infected boa constrictors and ball pythons","volume":"91","author":"Stenglein","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2010.07.014","article-title":"Inclusion body disease, A worldwide infectious disease of boid snakes: a review","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03119-14","article-title":"Replication of Boid inclusion body disease-associated arenaviruses is temperature sensitive in both boid and mammalian cells","volume":"89","author":"Hepojoki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.01.003","article-title":"Pathological vicissitudes and oxidative stress enzyme responses in mice experimentally infected with reptarenavirus (isolate UPM\/MY01)","volume":"104","author":"Abba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1006179","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006179","article-title":"Co-infecting reptarenaviruses can be vertically transmitted in boa constrictor","volume":"13","author":"Keller","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007415","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007415","article-title":"Characterization of Haartman Institute snake virus-1 (HISV-1) and HISV-like viruses\u2014the representatives of genus Hartmanivirus, family Arenaviridae","volume":"14","author":"Hepojoki","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094919420300098?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094919420300098?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T22:03:34Z","timestamp":1761084214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094919420300098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094919420300098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-9194"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1094-9194","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Selected Emerging Infectious Diseases of Squamata","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}