{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T12:10:01Z","timestamp":1750335001550,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T21:54:31Z","timestamp":1735077271000},"page":"227-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ferret Gastroenterology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mette L.","family":"Halck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne R.A.","family":"van Zeeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nico J.","family":"Schoemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.03.003","article-title":"Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases - pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"68","author":"Kinoshita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib2","first-page":"1098","article-title":"Ensuring proper nutrition in ferrets","volume":"91","author":"Bell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib3","first-page":"674","article-title":"Determination of transit time in ferret and domestic cat","volume":"128","author":"Fodor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Magy Allatorv Lapja"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib4","first-page":"449","article-title":"A\u00a0comparative study of the vagal innervation of the stomach in man and the ferret","volume":"136","author":"Mackay","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2008.03.011","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of dental disease in ferrets","volume":"17","author":"Johnson-Delaney","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2016.04.009","article-title":"Anatomy and disorders of the oral cavity of ferrets and other exotic companion carnivores","volume":"19","author":"Johnson-Delaney","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1159\/000144823","article-title":"Gross and microscopic anatomy of the major salivary glands of the ferret","volume":"98","author":"Poddar","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000144684","article-title":"Morphological and histological study of the gastro-intestinal tract of the ferret","volume":"96","author":"Poddar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib9","series-title":"Biology and diseases of the ferret","first-page":"23","article-title":"Anatomy of the ferret","author":"Evans","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01991652","article-title":"Is there a functional large intestine in the ferret?","volume":"37","author":"Bueno","year":"1981","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib11","series-title":"Biology and diseases of the ferret","first-page":"363","article-title":"Diseases of the gastrointestinal system","author":"Maurer","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2005.01.004","article-title":"Gastrointestinal diseases of the ferret","volume":"8","author":"Lennox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib13","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents","first-page":"27","article-title":"3 - gastrointestinal diseases of ferrets","author":"Hoefer","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib14","series-title":"Biology and diseases of the ferret","first-page":"157","article-title":"Normal clinical and biological parameters","author":"Fox","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.103164","article-title":"Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in ferret and the histological assessment of the endoscopic biopsies","volume":"178","author":"Devaux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2087-5","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of the accuracy of ultrasound and computed tomography in common diagnoses causing acute abdominal pain","volume":"21","author":"van Randen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0219748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219748","article-title":"Use of computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction in canines and felines","volume":"14","author":"Miniter","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2015.05.002","article-title":"Flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"18","author":"Pignon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1053\/saep.2003.127877","article-title":"Advances in diagnosis and treatment of small exotic mammal dental disease","volume":"12","author":"Verstraete","year":"2003","journal-title":"Seminars Avian Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12546","article-title":"Oral and dental diseases in a population of domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"57","author":"Nemec","year":"2016","journal-title":"JSAP (J Small Anim Pract)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib21","first-page":"8","article-title":"Oral examination results in rescued ferrets: clinical findings","volume":"28","author":"Eroshin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2009.12.002","article-title":"The senior ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"13","author":"Hoppes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2014.07.010","article-title":"Acquired oronasal fistula in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"23","author":"Thas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"year":"2009","author":"Kling","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib24"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2010.07.006","article-title":"Emerging ferret diseases","volume":"19","author":"Johnson-Delaney","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-9194(17)30098-1","article-title":"Therapeutics in ferrets","volume":"3","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"year":"2018","series-title":"Small animal surgery","author":"Fossum","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib27"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2024.01.006","article-title":"Successful treatment of a mandibular multilobular tumor of bone in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"49","author":"Blackwell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib29","first-page":"210","article-title":"Salivary mucocele (Zygomatic gland) in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"51","author":"Fehr","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kleintierpraxis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.194.10.1437","article-title":"Zygomatic salivary gland mucocele in a ferret","volume":"194","author":"Miller","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.12.1462","article-title":"Autoimmune myasthenia gravis in a ferret","volume":"235","author":"Couturier","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.205.03.444","article-title":"Megaesophagus in 9 ferrets","volume":"205","author":"Blanco","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib33","first-page":"506","article-title":"Megaesophagus in a domestic ferret","volume":"43","author":"Harms","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib34","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology","first-page":"596","article-title":"Chapter 30 - canine and feline esophagus","author":"Gaschen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib35","first-page":"363","article-title":"Thymoma in two ferrets","volume":"45","author":"Taylor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.251.4.451","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of esophageal foreign body or stricture in three ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"251","author":"Webb","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.195.07.969","article-title":"Medical and surgical management of eosophagal foreign body in a ferret","volume":"195","author":"Caligiuri","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib38","article-title":"Use of a gastrostomy and jejunostomy tube for management of gastric distention following pyloric outflow obstruction in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"28","author":"Adamovicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib39","unstructured":"Preliminary evaluation of esophageal stenting for recurrent benign esophageal strictures in 1 ferret and 2 dogs. 26th annual forum of the American college of veterinary internal medicine; June 4\u20137, 2008; San Antonio, TX."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib40","unstructured":"Diagnosis and management of esophageal strictures in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo). 12th annual conference of the association of exotic mammal veterinarians, September 14\u201319, 2013; Indianapolis, IN."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589703400308","article-title":"Helicobacter mustelae-associated gastric adenocarcinoma in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"34","author":"Fox","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1053\/saep.2001.19544","article-title":"Helicobacter mustelae infection in ferrets: pathogenesis, epizootiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"10","author":"Fox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Seminars Avian Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2012.03.016","article-title":"The welfare of ferrets (Mustela putorius furo T): a review on the housing and management of pet ferrets","volume":"139","author":"Vinke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0901-7","article-title":"Neoplastic diseases in the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in Italy: classification and tissue distribution of 856 cases (2000-2010)","volume":"12","author":"Avallone","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib45","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"63","author":"Bousquet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.67.939","article-title":"Gastric adenocarcinoma with ossification in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"67","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.200.08.1117","article-title":"Pyloric adenocarcinoma in a ferret","volume":"200","author":"Rice","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.137.11.272","article-title":"2 cases of pyloric adenocarcinoma in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"137","author":"Sleeman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2004.05.001","article-title":"Ferret oncology: diseases, diagnostics, and therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Antinoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib50","first-page":"8","article-title":"Molecular characterization of enteric coccidia from domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"23","author":"Pastor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.12.1584","article-title":"Outbreaks of severe enteric disease associated with Eimeria furonis infection in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) of 3 densely populated groups","volume":"239","author":"Sledge","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib52","first-page":"361","article-title":"Enteric coccidiosis in a ferret","volume":"43","author":"Blankenshipparis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2015.04.012","article-title":"Biliary coccidiosis associated with immunosuppressive treatment of pure red cell aplasia in an adult ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"24","author":"Kaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589603300412","article-title":"Biliary coccidiosis in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib55","first-page":"617","article-title":"Parasites of domesticated pet ferrets","volume":"16","author":"Bell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Compend Continuing Educ Pract Vet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib56","first-page":"539","article-title":"Fatal cryptosporidiosis in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo): a morphopathologic study","volume":"26","author":"G\u00f3mez-Villamandos","year":"1995","journal-title":"JZWM"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102236","article-title":"Occurrence and molecular typing of Giardia isolates in pet rabbits, chinchillas, Guinea pigs and ferrets collected in Europe during 2006-2012","volume":"175","author":"Pantchev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1703-7","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis isolates from domestic ferrets","volume":"106","author":"Abe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-3405RN","article-title":"Zoonotic genotype of Giardia intestinalis detected in a ferret","volume":"91","author":"Abe","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2019-0007","article-title":"Intestinal parasites of pets and other house-kept animals in Moscow","volume":"56","author":"Kurnosova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.d2962","article-title":"Increasing numbers of Giardia (but not coccidian) infections in ferrets, 2002 to 2010","volume":"168","author":"Pantchev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib62","series-title":"Biology and diseases of the ferret","first-page":"145","article-title":"Housing and management","author":"Fox","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib63","first-page":"198","article-title":"The treatment of Salmonella typhimurium infection in ferrets","volume":"39","author":"Coburn","year":"1949","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.55.3.419-420.1948","article-title":"The isolation of Salmonella typhimurium from ferrets","volume":"55","author":"Morris","year":"1948","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bacteriol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1983.44.06.1049","article-title":"Ferret as a potential reservoir for human campylobacteriosis","volume":"44","author":"Fox","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.6.1848-1852.1990","article-title":"A\u00a0domestic ferret model of immunity to Campylobacter jejuni induced enteric disease","volume":"58","author":"Bell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib67","first-page":"432","article-title":"Reproductive failure in mink and ferrets after intravenous or oral inoculation of Camylobacter jejuni","volume":"54","author":"Bell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.05.022","article-title":"Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacterial species from ferrets and stoats","volume":"132","author":"de Lisle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2011.09.002","article-title":"Mycobacterial infection in the ferret","volume":"15","author":"Pollock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin Exot Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2000.36173","article-title":"Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis from experimentally infected ferrets to non-infected ferrets (Mustela furo)","volume":"48","author":"Qureshi","year":"2000","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2015.06.019","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective study of 17 cases of mycobacteriosis in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) between 2005 and 2013","volume":"24","author":"Mentr\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.08.1217","article-title":"Granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium in a ferret","volume":"204","author":"Schultheiss","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10406.x","article-title":"Mycobacterium genavense infection in two aged ferrets with conjunctival lesions","volume":"78","author":"Lucas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2010.08.004","article-title":"Detection and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium celatum as a cause of splenitis in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"144","author":"Piseddu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1982.43.05.858","article-title":"Proliferative colitis in ferrets","volume":"43","author":"Fox","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1053\/saep.2003.127886","article-title":"Gross pathology of small mammals","volume":"12","author":"Krogstad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Seminars Avian Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.6.1700-1703.1998","article-title":"Proliferative enterocolitis associated with dual infection with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and awsonia intracellularis in rabbits","volume":"36","author":"Schauer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2016.11.274","article-title":"Proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis in chickens","volume":"156","author":"Ohta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1989.194.10.1435","article-title":"Treatment of proliferative colitis in ferrets","volume":"194","author":"Krueger","year":"1989","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.160215","article-title":"Determination of ferret enteric coronavirus genome in laboratory ferrets","volume":"23","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.01.031","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE) in ferrets","volume":"349","author":"Wise","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.526","article-title":"Coronavirus-associated epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets","volume":"217","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.16-0059","article-title":"Establishment of serological test to detect antibody against ferret coronavirus","volume":"78","author":"Minami","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2014.02.006","article-title":"Two cases of systemic coronavirus-associated disease resembling feline infectious peritonitis in domestic ferrets in Japan","volume":"23","author":"Shigemoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib85","series-title":"Biology and diseases of the ferret","first-page":"187","article-title":"Growth and reproduction","author":"Fox","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib86","first-page":"167","article-title":"Isolation of atypical rotavirus causing diarrhea in neonatal ferrets","volume":"37","author":"Torresmedina","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31815eedfa","article-title":"Rotavirus disease: impact of coinfections","volume":"27","author":"Grimprel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.08-VP-0315-S-FL","article-title":"Detection of Group C rotavirus in juvenile ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) with diarrhea by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction: sequencing and analysis of the complete coding region of the VP6 gene","volume":"46","author":"Wise","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2004.09.008","article-title":"Viral diseases of ferrets","volume":"8","author":"Langlois","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00336-0","article-title":"Transfer of antibody via mother's milk","volume":"21","author":"Van de Perre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)33110-2","article-title":"Contact transmission of distemper virus in ferrets","volume":"24","author":"Shen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2024.08.001","article-title":"Vaccine-induced distemper in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo): 5 cases (2022)","volume":"51","author":"Gonzalez-Jassi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2022.09.001","article-title":"A\u00a0novel and highly divergent Canine Distemper Virus lineage causing distemper in ferrets in Australia","volume":"576","author":"George","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib94","first-page":"12","article-title":"Biomolecular analysis of canine distemper virus strains in two domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"10","author":"Guercio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12457","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical presentation of canine distemper disease in dogs and ferrets in Australia, 2006-2014","volume":"94","author":"Wyllie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.2.1506-1513.1997","article-title":"Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets as a model for testing Morbillivirus vaccine strategies: NYVAC- and ALVAC-based CDV recombinants protect against symptomatic infection","volume":"71","author":"Stephensen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib97","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents","first-page":"13","article-title":"2 - basic approach to veterinary care of ferrets","author":"Quesenberry","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib98","first-page":"21","article-title":"Influenza infection of man from the ferret","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"1936","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib99","first-page":"56","article-title":"Lessons for human influenza from pathogenicity studies in ferrets","volume":"10","author":"H","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib100","unstructured":"A ferret model of synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 5th international conference on options for the control of influenza; Oct 07\u201311, 2003; Okinawa, Japan. Elsevier Science Bv."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2709.210774","article-title":"Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human to domestic ferret","volume":"27","author":"Ra\u010dnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638716641156","article-title":"Histology and immunohistochemistry of severe inflammatory bowel disease versus lymphoma in the ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"28","author":"Watson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib103","series-title":"Ferret husbandry, medicine and surgery","first-page":"15","article-title":"Ferret gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases","author":"Burgess","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719896555","article-title":"Proposed grading scheme for inflammatory bowel disease in ferrets and correlation with clinical signs","volume":"32","author":"Cazzini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib105","first-page":"29","article-title":"Clinical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease in ferrets","volume":"4","author":"Burgess","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exot Dvm"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib106","first-page":"707","article-title":"Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in a domestic ferret","volume":"41","author":"Fazakas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2006.05.026","article-title":"Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in three ferrets","volume":"9","author":"Carmel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib108","article-title":"Retrospective case control study of pet ferrets with cystine urolithiasis in Quebec, Canada: epidemiological and clinical features","volume":"5","author":"Lamglait","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2008.01.001","article-title":"Toxicology of ferrets","volume":"11","author":"Dunayer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/inpr.189","article-title":"Dealing with gastrointestinal disease in ferrets","volume":"44","author":"Livingstone","year":"2022","journal-title":"In Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib111","first-page":"23","article-title":"Managing ferret toxicoses","volume":"2","author":"Richardson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exot Dvm"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1426","article-title":"Acute ibuprofen toxicosis in a ferret","volume":"216","author":"Cathers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2014.08.004","article-title":"Enteric colonization by Staphylococcus delphini in four ferret kits with diarrhoea","volume":"151","author":"Gary","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib114","series-title":"Biology and diseases of the ferret","first-page":"519","article-title":"Bacterial and mycoplasmal diseases","author":"Swennes","year":"2014"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.70.893","article-title":"Cytomorphological and immunohistochemical features of lymphoma in ferrets","volume":"70","author":"Onuma","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2012.09.010","article-title":"An update on ferret lymphoma: a proposal for a standardized classification of ferret lymphoma","volume":"21","author":"Mayer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2013.05.004","article-title":"Gastrointestinal disease in exotic small mammals","volume":"22","author":"Huynh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.45-5-663","article-title":"Laboratory findings, histopathology, and immunophenotype of lymphoma in domestic ferrets","volume":"45","author":"Ammersbach","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.09.1402","article-title":"Neoplastic diseases in ferrets: 574 cases (1968-1997)","volume":"212","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"276","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib120","first-page":"67","article-title":"Upper intestinal occlusion by a foreign body in a ferret","volume":"38","author":"Bi\u00e9trix","year":"2007","journal-title":"Point Vet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib121","series-title":"Biology and diseases of the ferret","first-page":"285","article-title":"Surgery","author":"Mehler","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib122","first-page":"13","article-title":"Gastrointestinal foreign body in ferrets - 25 cases (1986 to 1990)","volume":"28","author":"Mullen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib123","series-title":"Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents","first-page":"92","article-title":"Neoplasia in ferrets","author":"Williams","year":"2020"},{"issue":"C","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2020.05.002","article-title":"A\u00a0rectovaginal fistula in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with a normal anus: a case report","volume":"35","author":"Schlax","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib125","unstructured":"Rectovaginal fistula with atresia ani in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo). ICARE 2024; 2024; Ghent, Belgium."},{"issue":"188","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib126","first-page":"51","article-title":"Routine operations on the ferret","volume":"29","author":"Reviron","year":"1998","journal-title":"Point Vet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2017.01.025","article-title":"Anal sac adenocarcinoma with metastasis and hypercalcemia in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)","volume":"26","author":"Vilalta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib128","first-page":"476","article-title":"Localised radiotherapy for a ferret with possible anal sac apocrine adenocarcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Nakata","year":"2008","journal-title":"JSAMP"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002_bib129","first-page":"646","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal sac in a ferret - a case report","volume":"60","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kleintierpraxis"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094919424000628?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094919424000628?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T11:32:18Z","timestamp":1750332738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094919424000628"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094919424000628"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-9194"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1094-9194"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ferret Gastroenterology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvex.2024.11.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}