{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T02:11:42Z","timestamp":1762567902535,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T23:18:21Z","timestamp":1759792701000},"page":"141-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Updates in Pet Reptile Infectious Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"M. Graciela","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib2","first-page":"575","article-title":"Viruses and viral diseases of reptiles","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Marschang","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0078","article-title":"Detection of testadenoviruses and atadenoviruses in tortoises and turtles in Europe","volume":"52","author":"Salzmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"journal-title":"Adenoviridae","article-title":"ICTV report chapter","year":"2023","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib4"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.5818\/12-2020.1","article-title":"Detection of infectious agents in samples from reptiles presented at veterinary clinics in Poland","volume":"31","author":"Pasterny","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib6","first-page":"47","article-title":"Prevalence of agamid adenoviruses of the bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) in Japan","volume":"68","author":"Akabane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn J Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13234","article-title":"Clinical presentation and disease prevalence of captive central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) at veterinary clinics in Australia","volume":"101","author":"Sollom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2021.01.007","article-title":"Diagnostics of infectious respiratory pathogens in reptiles","volume":"24","author":"Marschang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Ex An Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.642894","article-title":"Herpesviruses in reptiles","volume":"8","author":"Okoh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.733299","article-title":"Herpesviruses in captive Chelonians in Europe between 2016 and 2020","volume":"8","author":"Leineweber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-02-2020","article-title":"Effects of the antivirals lysine and lactoferrin on testudinid herpesviruses and a ranavirus in cell culture","volume":"31","author":"Marschang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib12","series-title":"Ranaviruses","first-page":"155","article-title":"Ranavirus distribution and host range","author":"Marschang","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2020.01.014","article-title":"Emerging infectious diseases of Chelonians: an update","volume":"23","author":"Adamovicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am. Ex An Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib14","first-page":"441","article-title":"Emerging infectious diseases of reptiles","volume":"vol. 9","author":"Marschang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081440","article-title":"Influence of herbicide exposure and ranavirus infection on growth and survival of juvenile red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans)","volume":"13","author":"Goodman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"journal-title":"Arenaviridae","article-title":"ICTV report chapter","year":"2023","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib16"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2013.01.003","article-title":"Selected emerging infectious diseases of squamata","volume":"16","author":"Latney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.05065-22","article-title":"Segment RNA levels correlate with the presence of inclusion bodies and the number of L segments in snakes with reptarenavirus infection-lessons learned from a large breeding colony","volume":"11","author":"Thiele","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12792","article-title":"Reptarenaviruses in apparently healthy snakes in an Australian zoological collection","volume":"97","author":"Hyndman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib20","first-page":"353","article-title":"First report of reptarenavirus in the invasive red-tail Boa, Boa constrictor Linnaeus, 1758, from Puerto Rico","volume":"53","author":"Castro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carib J Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01705","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01705-22","article-title":"Boid inclusion body disease is also a disease of wild boa constrictors","volume":"10","author":"Alfaro-Alarc\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01968-20","article-title":"Experimental reptarenavirus infection of Boa constrictor and Python regius","volume":"95","author":"Hetzel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311015","article-title":"Multifocal cutaneous neoplastic vascular proliferations in a rainbow boa (Epicrates cenchria) collection with boid inclusion body disease","volume":"19","author":"Broering Ferreira","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib24","series-title":"Mader\u2019s reptile and amphibian medicine and surgery","first-page":"247","article-title":"Virology","author":"Marschang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.3390\/v15122313","article-title":"A multiplex RT-PCR method for the detection of reptarenavirus infection","volume":"15","author":"Baggio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-23-00010","article-title":"Ophidian serpentoviruses: a review and perspective","volume":"33","author":"Boon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.733404","article-title":"Nidoviruses in reptiles: a review","volume":"8","author":"Parrish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.3390\/v16091477","article-title":"Identification and characterization of novel serpentoviruses in viperid and elapid snakes","volume":"16","author":"Tillis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib29","first-page":"22","article-title":"Detection of nidoviruses in live pythons and boas","volume":"45","author":"Marschang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-1279-5","article-title":"Investigations into the presence of nidoviruses in pythons","volume":"17","author":"Blahak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.2588","article-title":"Detection of nidoviruses in samples collected from captive snakes in Europe between 2016 and 2021","volume":"192","author":"Leineweber","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00338","article-title":"Longitudinal and cross-sectional sampling of serpentovirus (nidovirus) infection in captive snakes reveals high prevalence, persistent infection, and increased mortality in pythons and divergent serpentovirus infection in boas and colubrids","volume":"6","author":"Hoon-Hanks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib33","article-title":"Wildlife nidoviruses: biology, epidemiology, and disease associations of selected nidoviruses of mammals and reptiles","volume":"14","author":"Flies","year":"2023","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib34","first-page":"931","article-title":"Serpentoviruses in free-ranging shingleback skinks (Tiliqua rugosa) in western Australia and south Australia, Australia","volume":"60","author":"O\u2019Reilly","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040653","article-title":"Delving into the aftermath of a disease-associated near-extinction event: a five-year study of a serpentovirus (Nidovirus) in a critically endangered turtle population","volume":"16","author":"Parrish","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.12.008","article-title":"Respiratory disease in ball pythons (Python regius) experimentally infected with ball python nidovirus","volume":"517","author":"Hoon-Hanks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061371","article-title":"In vitro characterization and antiviral susceptibility of ophidian serpentoviruses","volume":"11","author":"Tillis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172714","article-title":"The role of host species in experimental ferlavirus infection: comparison of a single strain in ball pythons (Python regius) and corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus)","volume":"13","author":"Pees","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92156-5","article-title":"Epizootic reptilian ferlavirus infection in individual and multiple snake colonies with additional evidence of the virus in the male genital tract","volume":"11","author":"Piewbang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638720911023","article-title":"Detection and molecular epidemiology of ferlaviruses in farmed snakes with respiratory disease in Guangxi province, China","volume":"32","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Diag Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1638\/2023-0123","article-title":"Cross-species transmission of a genogroup c ferlavirus in a zoological collection in the United States","volume":"56","author":"Pastor","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0091","article-title":"Detection of Mycoplasma sp. in Indochinese box turtles (Cuora bourreti)","volume":"50","author":"DiGeronimo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib43","article-title":"Surveillance of Mycoplasma agassizii in Texas tortoises (Gopherus berlandieri) for translocation with emphasis on treatment and recovery","volume":"17","author":"Moeller","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1638\/2021-0076","article-title":"Detection of mycoplasma and chlamydia in pythons with and without serpentovirus infection","volume":"52","author":"Racz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985818780451","article-title":"Pneumonia in a captive central bearded dragon with concurrent detection of helodermatid adenovirus 2 and a novel Mycoplasma species","volume":"55","author":"Crossland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-025-04487-4","article-title":"Detection of Mycoplasma spp. from snakes from five different families","volume":"21","author":"Faulhaber","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-24-00029","article-title":"Effectiveness of nasal flush treatments in Mycoplasma PCR- or DNA sequencing\u2013positive tortoises","volume":"35","author":"Caron","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10030324","article-title":"Salmonella spp. in pet reptiles in Portugal: prevalence and chlorhexidine gluconate antimicrobial efficacy","volume":"10","author":"Cota","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1251036","article-title":"Salmonella in reptiles: a review of occurrence, interactions, shedding and risk factors for human infections","volume":"11","author":"Pees","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Develop Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14121722","article-title":"A case of food-borne salmonellosis in a corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) after a feeder mouse meal","volume":"14","author":"Meletiadis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib51","series-title":"Infectious diseases and pathology of reptiles","first-page":"705","article-title":"Bacterial diseases of reptiles","author":"Pasmans","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2024.01.002","article-title":"Fibrinonecrotic enteritis and orchitis associated with Salmonella enterica subsp houtenae infection in a short-tailed boa (Boa constrictor amarali)","volume":"209","author":"de Freitas Pereira","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.613718","article-title":"Pet reptiles: a potential source of transmission of multidrug-resistant salmonella","volume":"7","author":"Marin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3002.230963","article-title":"Salmonella vitkin outbreak associated with bearded dragons, Canada and United States, 2020-2022","volume":"30","author":"Paphitis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib55","first-page":"795","article-title":"Mycotic diseases of reptiles","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"2021"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3338","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01465-13","article-title":"Molecular characterization of reptile pathogens currently known as members of the chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii complex and relationship with some human-associated isolates","volume":"51","author":"Sigler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00024","article-title":"Clinical manifestation and molecular characterization of a novel member of the nannizziopsiaceae in a pulmonary granuloma from a Galapagos tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra)","volume":"7","author":"Christman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-22-00023","article-title":"Systemic Nannizziopsis arthrosporioides in an African side-neck turtle (Pelomedusa subrufa)","volume":"33","author":"Durante","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.02168-22","article-title":"A cross-inoculation experiment reveals that Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola and Nannizziopsis guarroi can each infect both snakes and lizards","volume":"89","author":"Gentry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib60","series-title":"Mader\u2019s reptile and amphibian medicine and surgery","first-page":"270","article-title":"Mycology","author":"Wellehan","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.5818\/19-12-221.1","article-title":"Oncolygenalean dermatomycoses (formerly yellow fungus disease, snake fungal disease) in reptiles","volume":"30","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2021.10.001","article-title":"Nannizziopsis guarroi as a cause of multisystemic granulomatous disease with clinical cutaneous lesions in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)","volume":"40","author":"Ayers","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exot Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx083","article-title":"Characterization of Nannizziopsis guarroi with genomic and proteomic analysis in three lizard species","volume":"56","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"author":"Keller","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib64"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-21-00026.2","article-title":"Successful treatment of Nannizziopsis guarroi infection using systemic terbinafine in a central bearded dragon (Pogona viticeps)","volume":"32","author":"Foltin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib66","unstructured":"Keller KA. Life is a party, until your patient gets yellow fungus disease. The joint conference AEMV-ARAV, August 25-28, 2024, New Orleans, Lousiana."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3109\/13693781003743122","article-title":"Voriconazole, a safe alternative for treating infections caused by the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)","volume":"48","author":"Van Waeyneberghe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.12.0575","article-title":"Nannizziopsis guarroi has prolonged environmental persistence on clinically relevant substrates","volume":"261","author":"Keller","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2024.01.005","article-title":"Benzalkonium chloride and polyhexanide disinfectant (F10 SC) requires off-label use for environmental disinfection to be effective against Nannizziopsis guarroi","volume":"49","author":"Seth","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exotic Pet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riam.2022.11.002","article-title":"A surprising finding: the curious case of a tongue lesion misdiagnosed as paracoccidiomycosis","volume":"40","author":"Van den Ende","year":"2023","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Micrologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-022-01612-8","article-title":"Ophidiomyces ophidiicola detection and infection: a global review on a potential threat to the world\u2019s snake populations","volume":"68","author":"Di Nicola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro J Wildl Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib72","first-page":"46","article-title":"Investigating agreement between snake sheds and skin swabs in detection of Ophidiomyces ophidiicola","volume":"26","author":"Dibadj","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289159","article-title":"Development and application of a qPCR-based genotyping assay for Ophidiomyces ophidiicola to investigate the epidemiology of ophidiomycosis","volume":"18","author":"Haynes","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289641","article-title":"Environmental temperature influences ophidiomycosis progression and survival in experimentally challenged prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis)","volume":"18","author":"Kendall","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820985217","article-title":"Shell lesions associated with Emydomyces testavorans infection in freshwater aquatic turtles","volume":"58","author":"Woodburn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-23-00164","article-title":"Emydomyces testavorans surveillance in multiple free-ranging terrestrial and aquatic chelonian species in Illinois, USA","volume":"60","author":"Fredrickson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2024.05.005","article-title":"Emydomyces testavorans DNA is detected from shell swabs of companion chelonians","volume":"50","author":"Brunner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Exotic Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib78","first-page":"495","article-title":"Shell disease in northwestern pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) in Washington state, USA","volume":"50","author":"Haman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Herptol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib79","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bioencapsulation is a feasible method of terbinafine administration in Emydomyces testavorans-infected Western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata)","volume":"84","author":"Cerreta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-20-00022","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of nebulized terbinafine in plasma and keratin of northwestern pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata) associated with emydomycosis","volume":"32","author":"Flaminio","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1638\/2020-0161","article-title":"Plasma voriconazole concentrations following single- and multiple-dose subcutaneous injections in Western pond turtles (Actinemys marmorata)","volume":"52","author":"Wright","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.7589\/JWD-D-24-00094","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy of disinfectant methods against Emydomyces testavorans, a fungus associated with shell disease in freshwater aquatic turtles","volume":"61","author":"Liszka","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejop.2024.126066","article-title":"Minimal zoonotic risk of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis from frogs and reptiles","volume":"93","author":"Egan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Protistol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2020.01.002","article-title":"Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species in wild-caught pet spiny-tailed lizards","volume":"11","author":"Kubota","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.01.018","article-title":"Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in captive green iguanas (Iguana iguana)","volume":"252","author":"Ga\u0142\u0119cki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-22-00043","article-title":"Open label, multi-arm randomized clinical evaluation of clofazimine and curcumin treatments for Cryptosporidium serpentis infection in Eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon couperi)","volume":"33","author":"Bogan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-22-00014","article-title":"Evaluation of the drug combination nitazoxanide, azithromycin, and rifabutin as a treatment for Cryptosporidium serpentis infection in eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon couperi)","volume":"32","author":"Bogan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-21-00010","article-title":"Evaluation of paromomycin treatment for Cryptosporidium serpentis infection in eastern indigo snakes (Drymarchon couperi)","volume":"31","author":"Bogan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05611-1","article-title":"Afoxolaner (NexGard\u00ae) in pet snakes for the treatment and control of Ophionyssus natricis (Mesostigmata: macronyssidae)","volume":"16","author":"Mendoza-Rold\u00e1n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit Vect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib90","series-title":"Mader\u2019s reptile and amphibian medicine and surgery","first-page":"1337","article-title":"Parasitology (including hemoparasites)","author":"Wellehan","year":"2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496-e131","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12898","article-title":"Successful treatment of Ophionyssus natricis with afoxolaner in two Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus)","volume":"31","author":"Fuantos G\u00e1mez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5818\/JHMS-D-20-00024","article-title":"Testudine intranuclear coccidiosis (TINC)","volume":"32","author":"Wellehan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Herpetol Med Surg"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094919425000623?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1094919425000623?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T02:06:43Z","timestamp":1762567603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1094919425000623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1094919425000623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1094-9194"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1094-9194"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Updates in Pet Reptile Infectious Diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvex.2025.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}