{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T19:17:01Z","timestamp":1769368621909,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,26]],"date-time":"2012-02-26T04:44:17Z","timestamp":1330231457000},"page":"51-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evidence-Based Use of Prokinetic Drugs for Abomasal Disorders in Cattle"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Constable","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Nouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aubrey N.","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Wittek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.7.1184","article-title":"Risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle","volume":"53","author":"Constable","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.545","article-title":"Assessment of effects of erythromycin, neostigmine, and metoclopramide on abomasal motility and emptying rate in calves","volume":"66","author":"Wittek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib3","first-page":"13","article-title":"Left-sided abomasal displacement: II Influence of some therapeutics","volume":"53","author":"Vlaminck","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02786.x","article-title":"Use of D-xylose absorption test to measure abomasal emptying rate in healthy lactating Holstein-Friesian cows and in cows with left displaced abomasum or abomasal volvulus","volume":"19","author":"Wittek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.232.3.418","article-title":"Effect of preoperative administration of erythromycin or flunixin meglumine on postoperative abomasal emptying rate in dairy cows undergoing surgical correction of left displacement of the abomasum","volume":"232","author":"Wittek","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00401.x","article-title":"Effect of preoperative erythromycin or dexamethasone\/vitamin C on postoperative abomasal emptying rate in dairy cows undergoing surgical correction of abomasal volvulus","volume":"37","author":"Wittek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib7","first-page":"276","article-title":"Motility of the rumen and abomasum during hypocalcemia","volume":"47","author":"Daniel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can J Comp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib8","first-page":"4","article-title":"Left-sided abomasal displacement: Hypocalcemia as a possible cause of diminished gastro-intestinal motility","volume":"53","author":"Vlaminck","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)30854-3","article-title":"Effects of hypocalcaemia on abomasal motility","volume":"44","author":"Madison","year":"1988","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1988.tb00025.x","article-title":"The influence of insulin on abomasal emptying rate in cattle","volume":"35","author":"van Meirhaeghe","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Vet Med A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib11","first-page":"392","article-title":"Einfluss von Endotoxinen auf die Labmagenentleerung beim Rind","volume":"92","author":"Vlaminck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Dtsch Tier\u00e4rztl Wschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib12","first-page":"28","article-title":"Effect of endotoxins on contractility of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum","volume":"111","author":"Kaze","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dtsch tier\u00e4rztl Wschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib13","first-page":"22","article-title":"The influence of metabolic alkalosis and other factors on abomasal emptying rate in goats and cows","volume":"26","author":"Poulsen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nord Vet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib14","first-page":"562","article-title":"Beitrag zur Labmagenverlagerung-Einflu\u03b2 der Kalziumionen und der metabolischen Alkalose auf die-Entleerungsgeschwindigkeit des Labmagens","volume":"81","author":"Poulsen","year":"1974","journal-title":"Dtsch Tier\u00e4rztl Wschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547801","article-title":"Effects of intravenous infusion of glucose and pancreatic glucagon on abomasal function in dairy cows","volume":"39","author":"Holtenius","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3561","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2968","article-title":"Potassium and insulin affect the contractility of abomasal smooth muscle","volume":"93","author":"T\u00fcrck","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib17","first-page":"620","article-title":"Comparison of two oral electrolyte solutions and route of administration on the abomasal emptying rate of Holstein-Friesian calves","volume":"20","author":"Nouri","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.8.1377","article-title":"Effect of suckling isotonic or hypertonic solutions of sodium bicarbonate or glucose on abomasal emptying rate in calves","volume":"67","author":"Sen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1462","article-title":"Comparative effects of two oral rehydration solutions on milk clotting, abomasal luminal pH, and abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves","volume":"92","author":"Constable","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib20","first-page":"5","article-title":"Effects of fasting and xylazine sedative on digestive tract motility, rumen VFA and certain blood components in ruminants","volume":"19","author":"Hara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinarija Zootechnika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2982.1998.00119.x","article-title":"In vitro motility disorders associated with displaced abomasum in dairy cows","volume":"10","author":"Geishauser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Mot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.01.018","article-title":"In vitro effects of bethanechol on abomasal and duodenal smooth muscle preparations from dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum from healthy dairy cows","volume":"184","author":"Niederberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1995.tb00416.x","article-title":"Drugs coordinating and restoring gastrointestinal motility and their effect on selected hypodynamic gastrointestinal disorders in horses and cattle","volume":"42","author":"Steiner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Vet Med A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.1469","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of change in abomasal position during the last three months of gestation and first three months of lactation in Holstein-Friesian cows","volume":"227","author":"Wittek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.161.5.155","article-title":"Changes in abdominal dimensions during late gestation and early lactation in Holstein-Friesian heifers and cows and their association with left displaced abomasum","volume":"161","author":"Wittek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib26","first-page":"G71","article-title":"Gastric emptying of liquids and solids: roles of proximal and distal stomach","volume":"239","author":"Kelly","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR19900014","article-title":"Nutritional regulation of gastric secretion, digestion, and emptying","volume":"3","author":"Low","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.10087","article-title":"Cholinergic and noncholinergic innervation of the smooth muscle layers in the bovine abomasum","volume":"267","author":"Pfannkuche","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.08.029","article-title":"Binding sites of muscarinic and adrenergic receptors in gastrointestinal tissues of dairy cows suffering from left displacement of the abomasum","volume":"186","author":"Ontsouka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib30","first-page":"892","article-title":"A review on stimulation of abomasal motility and emptying after surgical correction of left displaced abomasum or abomasal volvulus","volume":"91","author":"Wittek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prakt Tierarzt"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib31","first-page":"195","article-title":"Einfluss von Flunixin-Meglumine und Neoancemin auf die klinische Rekonvaleszens und die Labmagenentleerung bein K\u00fchen mit linksseitiger Labmagenverlagerung","volume":"43","author":"Gieseler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Slov Vet Res"},{"issue":"G","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib32","first-page":"351","article-title":"Effects of preoperative application of butafosfan and cyanocobalamin on reconvalescence, clinico-chemical parameters, antioxidative metabolism and postoperative abomasal emptying in cows with abomasal dislocation","volume":"34","author":"F\u00fcrll","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4ztl Prax"},{"issue":"G","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1621525","article-title":"Effects of preoperative flunixin meglumine in cows with left abomasal displacement (LDA)","volume":"36","author":"Gieseler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tier\u00e4rztl Prax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.01.111","article-title":"Abomasal and duodenal motility in yearling cattle after administration of prokinetic drugs","volume":"55","author":"Roussel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib35","first-page":"177","article-title":"Prokinetic properties of erythromycin lactobionate in cattle","author":"Huhn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc XX World Buiatrics Congress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.12.1392","article-title":"Effect of parenteral administration of erythromycin, tilmicosin, and tylosin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves","volume":"68","author":"Nouri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.0027.x","article-title":"Effect of erythromycin and gentamicin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves","volume":"22","author":"Nouri","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.4.527","article-title":"Effect of parenteral administration of ivermectin and erythromycin on abomasal emptying rate in suckling calves","volume":"70","author":"Afshari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib39","first-page":"1","article-title":"Immuno-modulation and anti-inflammatory benefits of antibiotics: the example of tilmicosin","volume":"74","author":"Buret","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib40","first-page":"G688","article-title":"Erythromycin mimics exogenous motilin in gastrointestinal contractile activity in the dog","volume":"247","author":"Itoh","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90164-T","article-title":"Erythromycin accelerates gastric emptying by inducing antral contractions and improved gastroduodenal coordination","volume":"102","author":"Annese","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(96)00333-6","article-title":"Motilin and clinical application","volume":"18","author":"Itoh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3011.1998.tb01247.x","article-title":"Identification of the motilide pharmacophores using quantitative structure activity relationships","volume":"52","author":"Khiat","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Peptide Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.06.022","article-title":"Motilin and erythromycin-A share a common binding site in the third transmembrane segment of the motilin receptor","volume":"70","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800811006","article-title":"Macrolides in roles beyond antibiotic therapy","volume":"81","author":"Pilot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.07.892","article-title":"Prognostic value of surgical and postoperative findings in cattle with abomasal volvulus","volume":"199","author":"Constable","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004123221502","article-title":"Improvement of gastric emptying in diabetic gastroparesis by erythromycin","volume":"322","author":"Janssens","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(91)90037-H","article-title":"Effect of erythromycin and of octreotide on motilin receptor density in the rabbit","volume":"32","author":"Depoortere","year":"1991","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib49","first-page":"147","article-title":"Messenger RNA levels and binding sites of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in gastrointestinal muscle layers from healthy dairy cows","volume":"27","author":"Ontsouka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Recept Signal Transd Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.67.12.1992","article-title":"Distribution of muscarinic receptor subtypes and interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy dairy cows","volume":"67","author":"Stoffel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01362-0","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology","volume":"50","author":"Caulfield","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2002.00450.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of reticular motility in cows after administration of atropine, scopolamine and xylazine","volume":"49","author":"Braun","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.3.313","article-title":"In vitro effects of bethanechol on intestinal smooth muscle preparations from the duodenum and jejeunum of healthy dairy cows","volume":"68","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2007.05.012","article-title":"In vitro effects of bethanechol on smooth muscle preparations from abomasal fundus, corpus, and antrum of dairy cows","volume":"84","author":"Buehler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib55","first-page":"171","article-title":"In vitro effects of bethanechol on intestinal smooth muscle preparations in presence and absence of M2 or M3 muscarinic receptor antagonists in healthy dairy cows","volume":"114","author":"Zanolari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dtsch Tier\u00e4rztl Wschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0140-7783.2003.00528.x","article-title":"In vitro effects of cisapride, metoclopramide and bethanechol on smooth muscle preparations from abomasal antrum and duodenum","volume":"26","author":"Michel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J vet Pharmacol Therap"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib57","first-page":"68","article-title":"Treatment of left-sided abomasal displacement","volume":"51","author":"Thornton","year":"1970","journal-title":"Modern Vet Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib58","first-page":"195","article-title":"Treatment of right-sided abomasal displacement","volume":"57","author":"Olson","year":"1976","journal-title":"Modern Vet Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib59","first-page":"485","article-title":"Studies on the comparative actions of carbamylcholine, physostigmine and neostigmine in different species of domestic animals","volume":"26","author":"Clark","year":"1954","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.129.6.111","article-title":"Medical treatment of right-sided dilatation of the abomasum in cows","volume":"129","author":"Buchanan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib61","first-page":"31","article-title":"Aspects fonctionnels de la jonction gastro-duodenale chez le veau nouveau-ne","volume":"4","author":"Dardillat","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Rech Veter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007419","article-title":"Passage of ingesta through the calf abomasum and small intestine","volume":"172","author":"Smith","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.12.2498","article-title":"Neostigmine methylsulfate delays gastric emptying of particulate markers in horses","volume":"46","author":"Adams","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib64","first-page":"1595","article-title":"Distribution of mRNA that codes for subtypes on adrenergic receptors in gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows","volume":"65","author":"Meylan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib65","first-page":"171","article-title":"Electroacupuncture and moxibustion for correction of abomasal displacement in dairy cattle","author":"Jang","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.09.1488","article-title":"Effect of hypocalcemia on motility of the ruminant stomach","volume":"42","author":"Huber","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 98","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib67","first-page":"251","article-title":"Effect of induced subclinical hypocalcemia on the motility of the bovine digestive tract","author":"Hara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib68","first-page":"501","article-title":"Changes in blood ionized calcium and some other blood parameters before and after replacement of a left-sided displaced abomasum in dairy cattle","volume":"104","author":"Bajcsy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Dtsch Tier\u00e4rztl Wschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72674-6","article-title":"Metabolic predictors of displaced abomasum in dairy cattle","volume":"88","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.203.06.0852","article-title":"Hypocalcemia at parturition as a risk factor for left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cows","volume":"203","author":"Massey","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(03)00054-9","article-title":"Fluids and electrolytes","volume":"19","author":"Constable","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30167-5","article-title":"Treatment of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium balance disorders","volume":"15","author":"Goff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.04.607","article-title":"Effects of oral administration of a calcium-containing gel on serum calcium concentration in postparturient dairy cows","volume":"202","author":"Queen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.05.958","article-title":"Effect of calcium chloride gel treatment in dairy cows on incidence of periparturient diseases","volume":"209","author":"Oetzel","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.7761597x","article-title":"Effectiveness of calcium chloride in increasing blood calcium concentrations of periparturient dairy cows","volume":"77","author":"Dhiman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.01.72","article-title":"Effect of oral administration of a calcium chloride gel on blood mineral concentrations, parturient disorders, reproductive performance, and milk production of dairy cows with retained fetal membranes","volume":"215","author":"Hernandez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1997.210.02.240","article-title":"Hypokalemia syndrome in dairy cows: 10 cases (1992\u20131996)","volume":"210","author":"Sielman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.143.18.503","article-title":"Description of 14 cases of bovine hypokalemia syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Sattler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib79","first-page":"235","article-title":"Hypokalemia, muscle weakness, and recumbency in dairy cattle","volume":"1","author":"Peek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Therap"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib80","first-page":"81","article-title":"Displacement of the abomasum in adult cattle in east Germany: incidence, etiology, and prevention","volume":"XXVII","author":"F\u00fcrll","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prakt Tierarzt Collegium Veterinarium"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.188.09.1019","article-title":"Review of the pathophysiology of alterations in potassium homeostasis","volume":"188","author":"Brobst","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-80-19585","article-title":"Stimulation of peristalsis in the potassium deficient rat by acetyl-B-methylcholine","volume":"80","author":"Perdue","year":"1952","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(60)90038-2","article-title":"The consequences of potassium depletion","volume":"11","author":"Welt","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Chron Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2004.00547.x","article-title":"Effect of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on gastric emptying and small intestinal transit in humans","volume":"16","author":"Bouras","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1996.tb03940.x","article-title":"Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine agonists on myoelectric activity of the forestomach and antroduodenal area in sheep","volume":"48","author":"Plaza","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib86","series-title":"Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract","first-page":"613","article-title":"Motility of the stomach and gastroduodenal junction","author":"Meyer","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2003.00500.x","article-title":"Modification of spontaneous contractility of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum by serotonin receptor agonists","volume":"26","author":"Spring","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.287","article-title":"Abomasal impaction in Holstein-Friesian cows: 80 cases (1980\u20132003)","volume":"227","author":"Wittek","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.5.652","article-title":"Effect of surgical correction of left displaced abomasum by means of omentopexy via right flank laparotomy or two-step laparoscopy-guided abomasopexy on postoperative abomasal emptying rate in lactating dairy cows","volume":"234","author":"Wittek","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1151","article-title":"Distribution of mRNA that codes for 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows","volume":"65","author":"Meylan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-228","article-title":"5-hydroxytryptamine-4 receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels and densities in gastrointestinal muscle layers from healthy dairy cows","volume":"84","author":"Ontsouka","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib92","first-page":"761","article-title":"Effect of the antiemetic metoclopramide on the digestive tract of fattening calves, and its use in digestive disorders","volume":"33","author":"Zdelar","year":"1979","journal-title":"Veterinarski Glasnik"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib93","first-page":"89","article-title":"Effects of metoclopramide, clenbuterol, and butorphanol on ruminoreticular motility in calves","volume":"78","author":"Guard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cornell Vet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.1994.tb00224.x","article-title":"Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide in cattle","volume":"17","author":"Jones","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1997.tb01120.x","article-title":"The quantitative effect of metoclopramide on abomasal and duodenal myoelectric activity of goats","volume":"44","author":"Huhn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vet Med A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-197612020-00001","article-title":"Metoclopramide: a review of its pharmacological properties and clinical use","volume":"12","author":"Pinder","year":"1976","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib97","first-page":"107","article-title":"Clinical, haematological and biochemical findings and the results of treatment in cattle with acute functional pyloric stenosis","volume":"126","author":"Braun","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1988.193.12.1534","article-title":"Abomasal dilatation and emptying defect in a flock of Suffolk ewes","volume":"193","author":"Ruegg","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib99","article-title":"Myoelectrical and myomechanical response of the pyloric antrum in sheep to metoclopramide","volume":"733","author":"Kopcha","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of 6th Annual Veterinary Medical Forum of the ACVIM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1159\/000007687","article-title":"Prokinetics in patients with gastroparesis: a systematic analysis","volume":"60","author":"Sturm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Digestion"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S074907201100082X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S074907201100082X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T03:39:34Z","timestamp":1760067574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S074907201100082X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S074907201100082X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0720"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0720","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evidence-Based Use of Prokinetic Drugs for Abomasal Disorders in Cattle","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2011.12.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}