{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:27:21Z","timestamp":1793741241728,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T11:14:06Z","timestamp":1791371646000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Route of Administration and Regulatory Oversight of Ectoparasiticides"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"given":"Danielle A.","family":"Mzyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2006.06.003","article-title":"Ectoparasites of cattle and small ruminants","volume":"22","author":"Cortinas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109613","article-title":"World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) second edition: guideline for evaluating the efficacy of parasiticides against ectoparasites of ruminants","volume":"302","author":"Holdsworth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib3","first-page":"152","article-title":"Route of administration influences the concentration of ivermectin reaching nematode parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle","volume":"14","author":"Leathwick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol: Drugs Drug Resist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12897","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic comparison of six anthelmintics in sheep, goats, and cattle","volume":"44","author":"Myers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2017.05.005","article-title":"The effectiveness of a fixed-dose combination pour-on formulation of 1.25% fipronil and 2.5% fluazuron against economically important ectoparasites and associated pharmacokinetics in cattle","volume":"66","author":"Lopes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00285-5","article-title":"Licking behaviour and environmental contamination arising from pour-on ivermectin for cattle","volume":"31","author":"Laffont","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00254-5","article-title":"Evaluation of insecticide ear tags containing ethion for control of pyrethroid-resistant Haematobia irritans (L.) on dairy cattle","volume":"91","author":"Anziani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.50.071803.130341","article-title":"Fecal residues of veterinary parasiticides: nontarget effects in the pasture environment","volume":"50","author":"Floate","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.4671","article-title":"Implications of endectocide residues on the survival of aphodiine dung beetles: a meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Finch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib10","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. MOU 225-73-8010: Memorandum of Understanding Between the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration Regarding Mutual Responsibilities Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. Available at: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/about-fda\/domestic-mous\/mou-225-73-8010 (Accessed 8 August 2026)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib11","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency. Modernizing the Approach to EPA and FDA Oversight of Animal Products Regulated as Pesticides or New Animal Drugs. 2026. Available at: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticides\/modernizing-approach-epa-and-fda-oversight-animal-products-regulated-pesticides-or-new (Accessed 8 August 2026)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib12","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency. Introduction to Pesticide Labels. 2026. Available at: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticide-labels\/introduction-pesticide-labels (Accessed 8 August 2026)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib13","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA). Available at: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/guidance-regulations\/animal-medicinal-drug-use-clarification-act-1994-amduca (Accessed 8 August 2026)."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.702597x","article-title":"A review of ectoparasites and their effect on cattle production","volume":"70","author":"Byford","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.07.011","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ivermectin in domestic animal species","volume":"179","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.1999.0312","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of eprinomectin in plasma and milk following topical administration to lactating dairy cattle","volume":"67","author":"Alvinerie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib17","first-page":"71","article-title":"Doramectin concentration profiles in cattle: comparison of different formulations and routes of administration","volume":"109","author":"Sallovitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib18","first-page":"77","article-title":"Ivermectin disposition kinetics in cattle: effects of route of administration and animal factors","volume":"109","author":"Lifschitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib19","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Animal Drugs @ FDA: Approved Animal Drug Products. Available at: https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/products\/approved-animal-drug-products-green-book (Accessed 8 August 2026)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.13488","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous eprinomectin in plasma and milk in dry dairy cattle","volume":"48","author":"Miller","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Therapeut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib21","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency. Pesticide Labeling Questions & Answers. 2026. Available at: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticide-labels\/pesticide-labeling-questions-answers (Accessed 8 August 2026)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.04.460","article-title":"Efficacy of injectable doramectin against natural Boophilus microplus infestations in cattle","volume":"56","author":"Muniz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib23","first-page":"69","article-title":"Evaluation of the protective efficacy of doramectin against sucking lice of cattle","volume":"69","author":"Baggott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib24","first-page":"163","article-title":"An eprinomectin extended-release injection formulation providing nematode control in cattle for up to 150 days","volume":"192","author":"Soll","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.04.009","article-title":"Ivermectin (3.15%) long-acting formulations in cattle: absorption pattern and pharmacokinetic considerations","volume":"147","author":"Lifschitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101848","article-title":"Successive treatments with ivermectin (3.15%) to control the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in cattle: pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessment","volume":"13","author":"Sarli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib27","first-page":"31","article-title":"Efficacy of ivermectin against ectoparasites of cattle in South Africa","volume":"56","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"1985","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/96.3.892","article-title":"Evaluation of alternative tactics for management of insecticide-resistant horn flies (Diptera: muscidae)","volume":"96","author":"Steelman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00431-9","article-title":"Treatment vs non-treatment of helminth infections in cattle: defining the threshold","volume":"98","author":"Vercruysse","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13196","article-title":"Efficacy of novaluron as a feed-through for control of immature horn flies, house flies, and stable flies (Diptera: muscidae) developing in cow manure","volume":"51","author":"Lohmeyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1093\/jee\/96.5.1608","article-title":"Efficacy of the Ivomec SR bolus for control of horn flies (Diptera: muscidae) on cattle in South Texas","volume":"96","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00435-0","article-title":"Horn fly (Diptera: muscidae) resistance to organophosphate insecticides","volume":"96","author":"Barros","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib33","first-page":"321","article-title":"Resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in horn flies, Haematobia irritans, in the United States","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(93)90056-S","article-title":"Economic benefits of parasite control in cattle","volume":"46","author":"Hawkins","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612014042","article-title":"Reassessment of the potential economic impact of cattle parasites in Brazil","volume":"23","author":"Grisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Bras Parasitol Vet"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749072026000587?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0749072026000587?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:29:09Z","timestamp":1793737749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0749072026000587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0749072026000587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0749-0720"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0749-0720","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Route of Administration and Regulatory Oversight of Ectoparasiticides","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvfa.2026.09.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}