{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T18:10:51Z","timestamp":1769019051375,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T08:01:19Z","timestamp":1631606479000},"page":"1249-1265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Focused Ultrasound of the Fetus, Female and Male Reproductive Tracts, Pregnancy, and Dystocia in Dogs and Cats"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Fulton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib1","series-title":"Point of care ultrasound Techniques for the small animal Practitioner","first-page":"255","article-title":"POCUS: Reproductive \u2013 Female","author":"Fulton","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib2","series-title":"Small animal diagnostic ultrasound","first-page":"634","article-title":"Ovaries and Uterus","author":"Mattoon","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.04.030","article-title":"In utero development of the fetal intestine: sonographic evaluation and correlation with gestational age and fetal maturity in dogs","volume":"84","author":"Gil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.11.015","article-title":"Early results on canine fetal kidney development: Ultrasonographic evaluation and value in prediction of delivery time","volume":"107","author":"Gil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.05.034","article-title":"Estimation of gestational age and assessment of canine fetal maturation using radiology and ultrasonography: a review","volume":"70","author":"Lopate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2018.02.008","article-title":"Gestational Aging and Determination of Parturition Date in the Bitch and Queen Using Ultrasonography and Radiography","volume":"48","author":"Lopate","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Clin Small Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib7","series-title":"Point of care ultrasound Techniques for the small animal Practitioner","first-page":"265","article-title":"POCUS: Dystocia","author":"Fulton","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2004.10.006","article-title":"Reproductive emergencies","volume":"35","author":"Jutkowitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib9","first-page":"215","article-title":"Diagnosis of canine fetal health by ultrasonography","volume":"57","author":"Zone","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.014","article-title":"Surgical management of canine and feline dystocia","volume":"40","author":"Traas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib11","series-title":"Textbook of Veterinary diagnostic Radiology","first-page":"735","article-title":"The uterus, ovaries, and testes","author":"Feeney","year":"2007"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12781","article-title":"Cystic ovaries and ovarian neoplasia in the female dog \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Arlt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib13","first-page":"199","article-title":"Ultrasound of the reproductive system: female dog","volume":"7","author":"Pollard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2004.00489.x","article-title":"Ultrasonography and cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch","volume":"39","author":"Bigliardi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.036","article-title":"Mucometra, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, and pyometra in the bitch: advances in treatment and assessment of future reproductive success","volume":"70","author":"Verstegen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib16","series-title":"Canine and feline Theriogenology","first-page":"463","article-title":"Disorders of the feline uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts)","author":"Johnston","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.041","article-title":"Cystic endometrial hyperplasia, pseudo-placentational endometrial hyperplasia, and other cystic conditions of the canine and feline uterus","volume":"70","author":"Schlafer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.04.005","article-title":"Surgical methods of contraception and sterilization","volume":"66","author":"Howe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2008.11.002","article-title":"Reproductive ultrasound in the bitch and queen","volume":"24","author":"Davidson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Top Compan Anim Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib20","series-title":"Recent advances in small animal reproduction","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging of the reproductive tract of the bitch","author":"England","year":"2003"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib21","first-page":"465","article-title":"Uterine horn torsion in two non-gravid bitches","volume":"41","author":"Misumi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib22","first-page":"350","article-title":"Unilateral uterine torsion secondary to an inflammatory endometrial polyp in the bitch","volume":"59","author":"Chambers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib23","first-page":"845","article-title":"Massive uterine lipoleiomyoma and leiomyoma in a miniature poodle bitch","volume":"59","author":"Percival","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1985.9693996","article-title":"Pregnancy diagnosis in the dog: A comparison between abdominal palpation and linear-array real-time echography","volume":"7","author":"Taverne","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1983.tb00425.x","article-title":"Real-time pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch","volume":"24","author":"Bondestam","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib26","first-page":"20","article-title":"Application of Ultrasonography in Canine Pregnancy- An Overview","volume":"7","author":"Khatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Livestock Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib27","series-title":"Recent advances in small animal reproduction","article-title":"Canine Pregnancy: Predicting Parturition and Timing Events of Gestation","author":"Concannon","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib28","series-title":"Textbook of Veterinary diagnostic Radiology","first-page":"729","article-title":"The prostate gland","author":"Lattimer","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib29","series-title":"Point of care ultrasound Techniques for the small animal Practitioner","first-page":"247","article-title":"POCUS: Reproductive - Male","author":"Fulton","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib30","series-title":"Canine and feline Theriogenology","first-page":"337","article-title":"Disorders of the canine prostate","author":"Johnston","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib31","first-page":"186","article-title":"Computed tomographic features of the feline prostate","volume":"12","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Morphol Anthropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2008.11.003","article-title":"Reproductive ultrasound of the dog and tom","volume":"24","author":"Davidson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Top Compan Anim Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.039","article-title":"Canine prostatic disease: a review of anatomy, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"70","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.206.02.171","article-title":"What is your diagnosis? Large, round mass with intramural mineralization in the mid-to-caudal portion of the abdominal cavity \u2013 prostatomegaly","volume":"206","author":"Lisciandro","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib35","first-page":"152","article-title":"Pathogenesis of prostatic neoplasia in castrated dogs: why the increased risk?","volume":"2","author":"Root-Kustritz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Theriogenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib36","first-page":"873","article-title":"Congenital defects of the dog","volume":"14","author":"Hoskins","year":"1992","journal-title":"Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib37","series-title":"Canine and feline Theriogenology","first-page":"312","article-title":"Disorders of the canine testes and epididymes","author":"Johnston","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib38","first-page":"257","article-title":"Update on canine brucellosis","volume":"1","author":"Hollett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Theriogenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib39","first-page":"93","article-title":"Neoplasia of the Reproductive Tract of the Male Dog","volume":"1","author":"Root-Kustriz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clincal Theriogenology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib40","first-page":"97","article-title":"Seminomas and an interstitial cell tumor in an 8 year old male Husky","volume":"10","author":"Ontiveros","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib41","first-page":"299","article-title":"Management of an invasive and metastatic Sertoli cell tumor with associated myelotoxicosis in a dog","volume":"57","author":"Withers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib42","series-title":"Small animal diagnostic ultrasound","first-page":"231","article-title":"Prostate and Testes","author":"Mattoon","year":"2002"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008_bib43","first-page":"531","article-title":"Pathology of male reproductive organs","volume":"2","author":"Foster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Theriogenol"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561621000978?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561621000978?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T01:46:42Z","timestamp":1759283202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195561621000978"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195561621000978"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-5616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-5616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Focused Ultrasound of the Fetus, Female and Male Reproductive Tracts, Pregnancy, and Dystocia in Dogs and Cats","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.07.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}