{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:38:20Z","timestamp":1785497900275,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T17:39:26Z","timestamp":1667497166000},"page":"1267-1281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Veterinary Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Hamer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley B.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00005-11","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas\u2019 disease in the United States","volume":"24","author":"Bern","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Observations on the feeding and defecation patterns of three triatomine species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)","volume":"34","author":"Zeled\u00f3n","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000478","article-title":"Congenital Chagas disease: current diagnostics, limitations and future perspectives","volume":"31","author":"Messenger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0231","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi connatal transmission in dogs with Chagas disease: experimental case report","volume":"11","author":"Rodriguez-Morales","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jepm.2018.10.007","article-title":"Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection in sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) and hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) via ingestion","volume":"29","author":"Latas","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exot Pet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1740.1","article-title":"Oral transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi with opposing evidence for the theory of carnivory","volume":"95","author":"Roellig","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.06.004","article-title":"An ecological overview on the factors that drives to Trypanosoma cruzi oral transmission","volume":"151","author":"de Noya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0526","article-title":"Bionomics and spatial distribution of triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in Texas and other southern states, USA","volume":"98","author":"Curtis-Robles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12139","article-title":"The distribution and abundance of triatomine insects, potential vectors of Chagas disease, in a metropolitan area in southern Arizona, United States","volume":"49","author":"Reisenman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004291","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004291","article-title":"Molecular diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi detected in the vector Triatoma protracta from California, USA","volume":"10","author":"Shender","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005298","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005298","article-title":"Epidemiology and molecular typing of Trypanosoma cruzi in naturally-infected hound dogs and associated triatomine vectors in Texas, USA","volume":"11","author":"Curtis-Robles","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.06.004","article-title":"Canine Chagas\u2019 disease (American trypanosomiasis) in North America","volume":"39","author":"Barr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.08.1037","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Walker hounds from Virginia","volume":"56","author":"Barr","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.1853","article-title":"Prevalence of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) among dogs in Oklahoma","volume":"217","author":"Bradley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2299.1","article-title":"Factors associated with Trypanosoma cruzi exposure among domestic canines in Tennessee","volume":"96","author":"Rowland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1980.177.03.247","article-title":"Myocarditis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi in a native Louisiana dog","volume":"177","author":"Snider","year":"1980","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2007.12.021","article-title":"Distribution and characterization of canine Chagas disease in Texas","volume":"152","author":"Kjos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.189.12.1583","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a dog from Oklahoma","volume":"189","author":"Fox","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1981.42.08.1444","article-title":"Occurrence of antibody to Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs in the southeastern United States","volume":"42","author":"Tomlinson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.75.4.366","article-title":"Human and sylvatic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in California","volume":"75","author":"Navin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005074","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005074","article-title":"One health interactions of chagas disease vectors, canid hosts, and human residents along the texas-mexico border","volume":"10","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3572-y","article-title":"High prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in shelter dogs from southern Louisiana, USA","volume":"12","author":"Elmayan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0901.020217","article-title":"Chagas disease in a domestic transmission cycle, southern Texas, USA","volume":"9","author":"Beard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15352","article-title":"Repeated cross-sectional study of Trypanosoma cruzi in shelter dogs in Texas, in the context of Dirofilaria immitis and tick-borne pathogen prevalence","volume":"33","author":"Hodo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0789","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi (Agent of Chagas Disease) in Sympatric Human and Dog Populations in \"Colonias\" of the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas","volume":"96","author":"Curtis-Robles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.07.010","article-title":"Comparison of two immunochromatographic assays and the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test for diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs in south central Louisiana","volume":"165","author":"Nieto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0005819","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005819","article-title":"Widespread Trypanosoma cruzi infection in government working dogs along the Texas-Mexico border: Discordant serology, parasite genotyping and associated vectors","volume":"11","author":"Meyers","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009935","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009935","article-title":"High incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infections in dogs directly detected through longitudinal tracking at 10 multi-dog kennels, Texas, USA","volume":"15","author":"Busselman","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.05.029","article-title":"Reservoir host competence and the role of domestic and commensal hosts in the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"151","author":"Gurtler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2325","article-title":"Considering dogs as complementary targets of chagas disease control","volume":"19","author":"Travi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib32","first-page":"2960","article-title":"Chagas disease in 12 dogs translocated from Texas","volume":"35","author":"Gavic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0582","article-title":"Nationwide exposure of U.S. working dogs to the Chagas disease parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"102","author":"Meyers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15516","article-title":"Risk factors and select cardiac characteristics in dogs naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi presenting to a teaching hospital in Texas","volume":"33","author":"Meyers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(91)90019-9","article-title":"Antibody and lymphoblastogenic responses of dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from North American mammals","volume":"29","author":"Barr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.06.954","article-title":"Clinical, clinicopathological, and parasitological observations of Trypanosomiasis in dogs infected with North American Trypanosoma cruzi isolates","volume":"52","author":"Barr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.12.2033","article-title":"Pathological features of dogs inoculated with North American Trypanosoma cruzi isolates","volume":"52","author":"Barr","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.06.007","article-title":"Genetically different isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi elicit different infection dynamics in raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana)","volume":"39","author":"Roellig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.81.390","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi circulating in the southern region of the State of Mexico (Zumpahuacan) are pathogenic: a dog model","volume":"81","author":"Barbabosa-Pliego","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.958","article-title":"A study of experimental reinfection by Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs","volume":"65","author":"Machado","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00023-19","article-title":"Chagas disease in the United States: a Public Health Approach","volume":"33","author":"Bern","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib42","first-page":"155","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs: electrocardiographic and echocardiographic evaluation, in Malinalco, State of Mexico","volume":"2","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Vieyra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Rep Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00332","article-title":"Echocardiographic measurements in a preclinical model of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy in dogs: validation and reproducibility","volume":"9","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16166","article-title":"Cardiac diagnostic test results and outcomes in 44 dogs naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"35","author":"Matthews","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.53.04.521","article-title":"Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features of trypanosomiasis in dogs inoculated with North American Trypanosoma cruzi isolates","volume":"53","author":"Barr","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13967","article-title":"Diagnostic features of acute chagas myocarditis with sudden death in a family of boxer dogs","volume":"30","author":"Vitt","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02322-6","article-title":"Selected cardiac abnormalities in Trypanosoma cruzi serologically positive, discordant, and negative working dogs along the Texas-Mexico border","volume":"16","author":"Meyers","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib48","first-page":"100545","article-title":"Fatal Chagas myocarditis in government working dogs in the southern United States: Cross-reactivity and differential diagnoses in five cases across six months","volume":"24","author":"Meyers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib49","series-title":"Vector surveillance to determine species composition and occurrence of Trypanosoma cruzi at three military installations in San Antonio, Texas","first-page":"12","author":"McPhatter","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.04.010","article-title":"Military working dogs: an overview of veterinary care of these formidable assets","volume":"51","author":"McGraw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib51","article-title":"Control of chagas disease: second report of the WHO expert committee","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105239","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi, beyond the dogma of non-infection in birds","volume":"99","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-013120-043949","article-title":"Chagas disease ecology in the United States: recent advances in understanding Trypanosoma cruzi transmission among triatomines, wildlife, and domestic animals and a quantitative synthesis of vector\u2013host interactions","volume":"10","author":"Busselman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilx020","article-title":"Toward an ecological framework for assessing reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens: wildlife reservoirs of Trypanosoma cruzi across the southern United States","volume":"58","author":"Hodo","year":"2017","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0009","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi among eleven potential reservoir species from six states across the southern United States","volume":"10","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vector-Borne Zoonot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-018-1318-5","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi transmission among captive nonhuman primates, wildlife, and vectors","volume":"15","author":"Hodo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib57","first-page":"443","article-title":"Low prevalence of Chagas parasite infection in a nonhuman primate colony in Louisiana","volume":"51","author":"Dorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009147","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009147","article-title":"Surveillance of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatomine vectors, feral dogs and cats, and wild animals in and around El Paso county, Texas, and New Mexico","volume":"15","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.109014","article-title":"Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and associated histologic findings in domestic cats (Felis catus)","volume":"278","author":"Zecca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00923-z","article-title":"Shelter cats host infections with multiple Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in southern Louisiana","volume":"52","author":"Dumonteil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib61","first-page":"667","article-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi and Incidental Sarcocystis spp. in endangered ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) of South Texas, USA","volume":"57","author":"Zecca","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wildl Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2016.04.001","article-title":"High Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence associated with minimal cardiac pathology among wild carnivores in central Texas","volume":"5","author":"Curtis-Robles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0008932","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008932","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi parasites infecting dogs in southern Louisiana sheds light on parasite transmission cycles and serological diagnostic performance","volume":"14","author":"Dumonteil","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-1734.1","article-title":"Evaluation of the Chagas Stat-Pak (TM) assay for detection of Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in wildlife reservoirs","volume":"95","author":"Yabsley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.328","article-title":"The indeterminate phase of Chagas' disease: ultrastructural characterization of cardiac changes in the canine model","volume":"57","author":"Andrade","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malcolm E.L., Saunders A.B., Vitt J.P., et al., Antiparasitic treatment with itraconazole and amiodarone in 2 dogs with severe, symptomatic Chagas cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med, 36, 2022, 1100-1105.","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16422"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12098","article-title":"Bradyarrhythmias and pacemaker therapy in dogs with Chagas disease","volume":"27","author":"Saunders","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.case.2020.06.002","article-title":"Cardiac manifestations of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in a domestic dog","volume":"4","author":"Stoner","year":"2020","journal-title":"CASE (Phila)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.05.007","article-title":"Chagas cardiomyopathy: The potential effect of benznidazole treatment on diastolic dysfunction and cardiac damage in dogs chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"161","author":"Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabb7656","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abb7656","article-title":"A\u00a0modified drug regimen clears active and dormant trypanosomes in mouse models of Chagas disease","volume":"12","author":"Bustamante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.255.3.317","article-title":"Investigation of a combination of amiodarone and itraconazole for treatment of American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) in dogs","volume":"255","author":"Madigan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638719868508","article-title":"PCR monitoring of parasitemia during drug treatment for canine Chagas disease","volume":"31","author":"Zao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vet Diagn Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab513","article-title":"Recommendations for screening and diagnosis of Chagas disease in the United States","volume":"225","author":"Forsyth","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.105168","article-title":"Immunity and vaccine development efforts against Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"200","author":"Rios","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib75","first-page":"9794575","article-title":"DNA vaccine treatment in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"2020","author":"Arce-Fonseca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002818","article-title":"Projected future distributions of vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in North America under climate change scenarios","volume":"8","author":"Garza","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib77","author":"Merchant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2278-2","article-title":"Systemic insecticide treatment of the canine reservoir of Trypanosoma cruzi induces high levels of lethality in Triatoma infestans, a principal vector of Chagas disease","volume":"10","author":"Loza","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008_bib79","series-title":"Killer K9s: ectoparasiticide given to dogs induce high mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of Trypanosoma cruzi","author":"Busselman","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561622000833?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561622000833?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T01:48:18Z","timestamp":1759283298000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195561622000833"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195561622000833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-5616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-5616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Veterinary Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) in the United States","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2022.06.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}