{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:34:42Z","timestamp":1792607682332,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T11:14:13Z","timestamp":1747048453000},"page":"615-626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus, a Hepatitis B-like Virus Associated with Feline Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Julia A.","family":"Beatty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001415","article-title":"ICTV virus taxonomy profile: hepadnaviridae","volume":"101","author":"Magnius","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050269","article-title":"A novel hepadnavirus identified in an immunocompromised domestic cat in Australia","volume":"10","author":"Aghazadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.3390\/v16091361","article-title":"Hepatitis B viral protein HBx: roles in viral replication and hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021386","article-title":"Hepadnavirus genome replication and persistence","volume":"5","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.09.011","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase\u2013Target of current antiviral therapy and future drug development","volume":"123","author":"Clark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-239","article-title":"Medical virology of hepatitis B: how it began and where we are now","volume":"10","author":"Gerlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib7","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Global hepatitis report 2024: action for access in low- and middle-income countries, 2024, World Health Organization. Geneva, Switzerland, Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240091672 (Accessed 1 April 2025)."},{"issue":"10381","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01468-4","article-title":"Hepatitis B","volume":"401","author":"Jeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4533","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.9.4533","article-title":"A virus similar to human hepatitis B virus associated with hepatitis and hepatoma in woodchucks","volume":"75","author":"Summers","year":"1978","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S283","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.043","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in the woodchuck model of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"127","author":"Tennant","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16151","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308049110","article-title":"Bats carry pathogenic hepadnaviruses antigenically related to hepatitis B virus and capable of infecting human hepatocytes","volume":"110","author":"Drexler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5757","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.10.5757","article-title":"Isolation of a hepadnavirus from the woolly monkey, a New World primate","volume":"95","author":"Lanford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.3390\/v10090464","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis and in situ hybridization for FcaGHV1 in feline lymphoma","volume":"10","author":"Aghazadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1217","article-title":"The detection and full genomic characterization of domestic cat Orthohepadnaviruses from T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"9","author":"Ad\u0131g\u00fczel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02700-0","article-title":"Molecular detection and characterisation of Domestic Cat Hepatitis B Virus (DCHBV) from blood and liver tissues of cats in Malaysia","volume":"17","author":"Anpuanandam","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3390\/v16020167","article-title":"Epidemiology of pathogenic retroviruses and domestic cat hepadnavirus in community and client-owned cats in Hong Kong","volume":"16","author":"Beatty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010046","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus and pathogenic retroviruses; a sero-molecular survey of cats in Santiago, Chile","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12956","article-title":"Comparison of the prevalence of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in a population of cats with uveitis and in a healthy blood donor cat population in the United Kingdom","volume":"25","author":"Jeanes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47175-8","article-title":"Identification of hepadnavirus in the sera of cats","volume":"9","author":"Lanave","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241212","article-title":"Insights into the genetic diversity, recombination, and systemic infections with evidence of intracellular maturation of hepadnavirus in cats","volume":"15","author":"Piewbang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.22-0439","article-title":"Detection of domestic cat hepadnavirus by next-generation sequencing and epidemiological survey in Japan","volume":"85","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v15102128","article-title":"Genetic diversity of domestic cat hepadnavirus in Southern Taiwan","volume":"15","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.22-0010","article-title":"Identification of domestic cat hepadnavirus from a cat blood sample in Japan","volume":"84","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib25","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus genotype B is present in Southern Brazil","author":"Tessmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.42.2.89","article-title":"The woodchuck model of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"42","author":"Tennant","year":"2001","journal-title":"ILAR J"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.3795","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B infection","volume":"319","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a021469","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021469","article-title":"The chimpanzee model for hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Wieland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14461","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against domestic cat hepadnavirus using baculovirus-expressed core protein","volume":"69","author":"Fruci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00549-4","article-title":"Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"22","author":"Iannacone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03208-9","article-title":"Patients with chronic hepatitis B who have persistently normal alanine aminotransferase or aged < 30 years may exhibit significant histologic damage","volume":"24","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.09.013","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"66","author":"Chayanupatkul","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v14050986","article-title":"Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Rizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3390\/v9040075","article-title":"HBV DNA integration: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"9","author":"Tu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i1.91","article-title":"Avian hepatitis B viruses: molecular and cellular biology, phylogenesis, and host tropism","volume":"13","author":"Funk","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib36","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Non-neoplastic liver disease associated with chronic ground squirrel hepatitis virus infection","volume":"23","author":"Cullen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.4.1673-1679.1991","article-title":"Woodchuck hepatitis virus is a more efficient oncogenic agent than ground squirrel hepatitis virus in a common host","volume":"65","author":"Seeger","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib38","first-page":"659","article-title":"Differential activation of myc gene family members in hepatic carcinogenesis by closely related hepatitis B viruses","volume":"13","author":"Hansen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2295","article-title":"Genome-wide survey of recurrent HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Sung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib40","first-page":"620692","article-title":"Conserved yet divergent Smc5\/6 complex degradation by mammalian hepatitis B virus X proteins","author":"Shofa","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3753","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073753","article-title":"Conserved functions of orthohepadnavirus X Proteins to inhibit type-i interferon signaling","volume":"25","author":"Choonnasard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16525","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus associated with hepatopathy in cats: a retrospective study","volume":"36","author":"Piewbang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.1626","article-title":"Evaluating the presence of domestic cat hepadnavirus viraemia in cats with biochemical alterations suggestive of liver disease","volume":"191","author":"Scavone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1979.tb07026.x","article-title":"Plasma and tissue enzyme activities in the cat","volume":"20","author":"Nilkumhang","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib45","unstructured":"Lala V., Zubair M. and Minter D., Liver function tests, 2023, StatPearls Publishing, FL, USA, Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK482489\/ (Accessed 2 February 2025)."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100969","article-title":"A novel hepadnavirus is associated with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in cats.","volume":"11","author":"Pesavento","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2014.03.009","article-title":"Piecemeal necrosis of the liver revisited a review","volume":"96","author":"French","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib48","unstructured":"Chen MC, Cavasin JP, Choi YR, et al. Association between domestic cat hepadnavirus and feline hepatocellular carcinoma. Oral Research Abstract presented at: European Society of Veterinary Pathology and European College of Veterinary Pathologists (ESVP\/ECVP\/ESTP) Congress; 28th-31st August, 2024; Madrid, Spain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib49","series-title":"WSAVA standards for clinical and histological diagnosis of canine and feline liver diseases","first-page":"85","article-title":"Chapter 7 - morphological classification of parenchymal disorders of the canine and feline liver: 2. Hepatocellular death, hepatitis and cirrhosis","author":"van den Ingh","year":"2006"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12810","article-title":"Histopathological frequency of feline hepatobiliary disease in the UK","volume":"59","author":"Bayton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(95)50035-X","article-title":"Hepatic neoplasia in the dog and cat","volume":"25","author":"Hammer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Clin N Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib52","series-title":"Tumors in domestic animals","first-page":"602","article-title":"Tumors of the liver and gallbladder","author":"Cullen","year":"2016"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.07.1080","article-title":"Nonhematopoietic hepatic neoplasms in cats: 21 cases (1983-1988)","volume":"201","author":"Post","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6289","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in 19 cats from a single institution (1980\u20132013)","volume":"52","author":"Goussev","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3101.240568","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus infection in iberian lynxes","volume":"31","author":"Diakoudi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/3931047","article-title":"Occurrence of typical domestic animal viruses in wild carnivorans: an emerging threat to the conservation of endangered species","volume":"2024","author":"Martins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10120668","article-title":"Hepadnavirus infection in a cat with chronic liver disease: a multi-disciplinary diagnostic approach","volume":"10","author":"Capozza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06842-z","article-title":"A novel hepadnavirus in domestic dogs","volume":"12","author":"Diakoudi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v14071543","article-title":"Hepadnavirus DNA is detected in canine blood samples in Hong Kong but not in liver biopsies of chronic hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"14","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010150","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus: molecular epidemiology and phylogeny in cats in Hong Kong","volume":"15","author":"Capozza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib61","article-title":"Serological and molecular survey on domestic dog hepadnavirus in household dogs, Italy","volume":"13","author":"Fruci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2023.105695","article-title":"Conserved use of the sodium\/bile acid cotransporter (NTCP) as an entry receptor by hepatitis B virus and domestic cat hepadnavirus","volume":"217","author":"Shofa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antivir Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102091","article-title":"Prevalence and genomic sequence analysis of domestic cat hepadnavirus in the United States","volume":"14","author":"Stone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00152-1","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccines","volume":"39","author":"Shouval","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15610676","article-title":"Efficacy of antiviral chemotherapy for retrovirus-infected cats:What does the current literature tell us?","volume":"17","author":"Hartmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib66","first-page":"167","article-title":"Absent inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by azidothymidine in patients chronically coinfected by HIV-1 and HBV","volume":"19","author":"Gallian","year":"1996","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.33","article-title":"Hepatitis B therapy","volume":"8","author":"Kwon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci2040456","article-title":"Efficacy of antiviral drugs against feline immunodeficiency virus","volume":"2","author":"Hartmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2021.105648","article-title":"Interferon therapies in small animals","volume":"271","author":"Mueller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib70","first-page":"477","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of recombinant feline interferon-omega on feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-infected and FeLV\/feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-coinfected symptomatic cats","volume":"18","author":"de Mari","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib71","first-page":"221","article-title":"Interferon-omega suppresses hepatitis B surface antigen production in human hepatoma cell line","volume":"40","author":"Hajnick\u00e1","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2021.04.009","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus\u2013host interactions and novel targets for viral cure","volume":"49","author":"Ligat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Virology"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561625000427?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561625000427?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T03:13:52Z","timestamp":1749179632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195561625000427"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195561625000427"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-5616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-5616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus, a Hepatitis B-like Virus Associated with Feline Liver Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}