{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:44:59Z","timestamp":1793295899962,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T21:21:06Z","timestamp":1758576066000},"page":"245-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fluid Therapy in the Critically Ill Patient"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Kristin","family":"Zersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.668688","article-title":"Fluid overload","volume":"8","author":"Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib2","first-page":"H508","article-title":"Permeation of the luminal capillary glycocalyx is determined by hyaluronan","volume":"277","author":"Henry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12925","article-title":"The endothelial glycocalyx: structure and function in health and critical illness","volume":"30","author":"Gaudette","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer515","article-title":"Revised Starling equation and the glycocalyx model of transvascular fluid exchange: an improved paradigm for prescribing intravenous fluid therapy","volume":"108","author":"Woodcock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-020-01277-2","article-title":"Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: a comprehensive review","volume":"22","author":"L\u2019Heureux","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.661660","article-title":"The effects of resuscitative fluid therapy on the endothelial surface layer","volume":"8","author":"Smart","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06506-y","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2005.00138.x","article-title":"Assessment of changes in blood volume in response to resuscitative fluid administration in dogs","volume":"15","author":"Silverstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13055","article-title":"Hemostatic capacity of canine chilled whole blood over time","volume":"31","author":"Edwards","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1135880","article-title":"The hemostatic profile of cold-stored whole blood from non-greyhound and greyhound dogs over 42 days","volume":"10","author":"Cooper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12671","article-title":"Comparison of albumin, colloid osmotic pressure, von Willebrand factor, and coagulation factors in cryopoor plasma, cryopreciptate, and fresh frozen plasma","volume":"27","author":"Culler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.430","article-title":"Association of hydroxyethyl starch administration with mortality and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients requiring volume resuscitation. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"309","author":"Zarychanski","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16676160","article-title":"Effects of tetrastarch (hydroxyethyl starch 130\/0.4) on plasma creatinine concentrations in cats: a retrospective analysis (2010-2015)","volume":"19","author":"Yozova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12483","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of the effects of administration of tetrastarch (hydoxyethyl starch 130\/0.4) on plasma creatinine concentration in dogs (2010-2013): 201 dogs","volume":"26","author":"Yozova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13056","article-title":"Prospective randomized controlled blinded clinical trial evaluating biomarkers of acute kidney injury following 6% hydroxethyl starch 130\/0.4 or Harmann\u2019s solution in dogs","volume":"31","author":"Boyd","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12412","article-title":"Retrospective cohort study on the incidence of acute kidney injury and death following hyroxyethyl starch (HES 10% 250\/0.5\/5:1) administration in dogs (2007-2010)","volume":"26","author":"Hayes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14645","article-title":"Changes in serum creatinine concentration and acute kidney injury grade in dogs treated with hydroxyethyl starch 130\/0.4 from 2013-2015","volume":"31","author":"Silgrist","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.802507","article-title":"Assessment of hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES 130\/0.4) kidney storage in critically ill dogs: a post-mortem prospective study","volume":"8","author":"Adamik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2012.00816.x","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of canine hemostasis following dilution with hydroxyethyl starch (130\/0.4) via thromboelastometry","volume":"22","author":"Falco","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.73.12.1908","article-title":"In vitro effect of hydroxyethyl starch 130\/0.4 on canine platelet function","volume":"73","author":"Classen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12492","article-title":"Effect of synthetic colloid administration on coagulation in healthy dogs and dogs with systemic inflammation","volume":"29","author":"Gauthier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00464.x","article-title":"The effect of Hetastarch (670\/0.5) in vivo on platelet closure time in the dog","volume":"19","author":"Smart","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13286","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of the use of canine-specific albumin in 125 critically ill dogs","volume":"33","author":"Sahagian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010307","article-title":"Early goal directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock","volume":"345","author":"Rivers","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1701380","article-title":"Early, goal-directed therapy for septic shock- a patient-level meta-analysis","volume":"376","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.6.2000","article-title":"Predicting fluid responsiveness in ICU patients: a critical analysis of the evidence","volume":"121","author":"Michard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2012.00822.x","article-title":"The effectiveness of intravenous fluid resuscitation for the treatment of emergency room hypotension in dogs","volume":"22","author":"Silverstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12477","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of fluid overload and relationship to outcome in critically ill dogs","volume":"26","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.630643","article-title":"Assessment of volume status and fluid responsiveness in small animals","volume":"8","author":"Boysen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12728","article-title":"Evaluation of pulse pressure variation and pleth variability index to predict fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated isoflurane-anesthetized dogs","volume":"28","author":"Sano","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2017.07.007","article-title":"Plethysmography variability index for prediction of fluid responsivness during graded haemorrhage and transfusion in sevoflurane-anaesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs","volume":"44","author":"Endo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib32","first-page":"26","article-title":"Intraoperative assessment of fluid responsivess in normotensive dogs under isoflurane anaesthesia","volume":"8","author":"Skouropoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.625708","article-title":"Fluid therapy and the microcirculation in health and critical illness","volume":"8","author":"Cooper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib34","first-page":"444","article-title":"Monitoring microcirculation in critical illness","volume":"22","author":"Kara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.72.4.438","article-title":"Assessment of microcirculatory changes by use of sidestream dark field microscopy during hemorrhagic shock in dogs","volume":"72","author":"Peruski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00488.x","article-title":"Measurements of microvascular perfusion in healthy anesthetized dogs using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging","volume":"19","author":"Silverstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006_bib37","article-title":"Sidestream dark field imaging and biomarker evaluation reveal minimal significant changes to the microcirculation and glycocalyx in a canine hemorrhagic shock model","volume":"84","author":"Cardillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561625001159?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561625001159?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T14:06:37Z","timestamp":1763993197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195561625001159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195561625001159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-5616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-5616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fluid Therapy in the Critically Ill Patient","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}