{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T22:29:00Z","timestamp":1771367340079,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T21:49:38Z","timestamp":1762206578000},"page":"419-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Managing Comorbidity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tyler","family":"Carmack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324775","article-title":"From bedside to bench: summary from the American Geriatrics Society\/National Institute on aging research conference on comorbidity and multiple morbidity in older adults","volume":"20","author":"Boyd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.08.004","article-title":"Prevalence of disorders recorded in cats attending primary-care veterinary practices in England","volume":"202","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10236.x","article-title":"Prevalence of intercurrent disease in dogs and cats presented for vaccination at a veterinary practice","volume":"76","author":"Banyard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02775-3","article-title":"Prevalence of commonly diagnosed disorders in UK dogs under primary veterinary care: results and applications","volume":"17","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib5","series-title":"Treatment and care of the geriatric veterinary patient","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2012.04.007","article-title":"Geriatric veterinary pharmacology","volume":"42","author":"KuKanich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.4824","article-title":"Contextualised care a welcome recalibration","volume":"195","author":"Grieve","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-7343","article-title":"AAHA senior care guidelines for dogs and cats","volume":"59","author":"Dhaliwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113010","article-title":"Ethical challenges posed by advanced veterinary care in companion animal veterinary practice","volume":"11","author":"Quain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2007.01.011","article-title":"Ethical issues in geriatric feline medicine","volume":"9","author":"Rollin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5161","article-title":"Major medical causes by breed and life stage for dogs presented at veterinary clinics in the Republic of Korea: a survey of electronic medical records","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2017.1360161","article-title":"Preliminary description of aging cats and dogs presented to a New Zealand first-opinion veterinary clinic at end-of-life","volume":"65","author":"Gates","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Z Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1140417","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence of owner-reported medical conditions in the 25 most common dog breeds in the dog aging project pack","volume":"10","author":"Forsyth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0310299","article-title":"Dual sensory impairments in companion dogs: prevalence and relationship to cognitive impairment","volume":"19","author":"Hopper","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beproc.2018.07.013","article-title":"Owner-reported sensory impairments affect behavioural signs associated with cognitive decline in dogs","volume":"157","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Process"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz043","article-title":"Associations between self-reported sensory impairment and risk of cognitive decline and impairment in the health and retirement study cohort","volume":"75","author":"Maharani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1213379","article-title":"Sensory processing deficits and related cortical pathological changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15572062","article-title":"AAHA\/AAFP pain management guidelines for dogs and cats","volume":"17","author":"Epstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib19","series-title":"Cardiovascular disease in companion animals","first-page":"317","article-title":"Drugs for the treatment of heart failure","author":"Ware","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-7444","article-title":"2024 AAHA fluid therapy guidelines for dogs and cats","volume":"60","author":"Pardo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01094.x","article-title":"Promoting discussions and decisions about dogs\u2019 quality-of-life","volume":"52","author":"Yeates","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"1446","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-54192-6_9","article-title":"Nutrition and aging in dogs and cats","author":"Stockman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2012.04.008","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats","volume":"42","author":"Bartges","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-025-01521-z","article-title":"Enhancing cognitive functions in aged dogs and cats: a systematic review of enriched diets and nutraceuticals","volume":"47","author":"Blanchard","year":"2025","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.842458","article-title":"Canine geriatric rehabilitation: considerations and strategies for assessment, functional scoring, and follow up","volume":"9","author":"Frye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.12.010","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral assessment in dogs and pet food market applications","volume":"29","author":"Zicker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-005-4001-z","article-title":"Assessment of nutritional interventions for modification of age-associated cognitive decline using a canine model of human aging","volume":"27","author":"Araujo","year":"2005","journal-title":"AGE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6637","article-title":"AAHA\/IAAHPC end-Of-life care guidelines","volume":"52","author":"Bishop","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2006.10.005","article-title":"Client-veterinarian communication: skills for client centered dialogue and shared decision making","volume":"37","author":"Cornell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vetr.74","article-title":"Owner quality of life, caregiver burden and anticipatory grief: how they differ, why it matters","volume":"188","author":"Spitznagel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-3743.2012.00314.x","article-title":"Multi-professional communication for older people in transitional care: a review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Allen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Older People Nurs"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561625001615?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561625001615?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T21:41:37Z","timestamp":1771364497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195561625001615"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195561625001615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-5616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-5616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Managing Comorbidity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2025.09.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}