{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T17:53:57Z","timestamp":1781546037569,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:13:05Z","timestamp":1774267985000},"page":"789-807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Short Bowel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Martha G.","family":"Cline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Husnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093787","article-title":"Effects of artificial ileocolonic sphincter on motility in intestinal remnant following subtotal small intestinal resection in the dog","volume":"39","author":"Quigley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)80080-4","article-title":"Delayed gastroduodenal emptying is an important mechanism for control of intestinal transit in short-gut syndrome","volume":"171","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib3","series-title":"Nutritional management of hospitalized small animals","first-page":"152","article-title":"Nutritional management of short bowel syndrome in dogs and cats","author":"Chan","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib4","series-title":"Applied veterinary clinical nutrition","first-page":"235","article-title":"Nutritional management of gastrointestinal diseases","author":"Cave","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.3.403","article-title":"Extensive small bowel resection in dogs and cats: 20 cases (1998-2004)","volume":"228","author":"Gorman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib6","first-page":"S9","article-title":"Definition, classification, and causes of short bowel syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Pironi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib7","series-title":"ICD-11 for mortality and morbidity statistics","article-title":"DA96.04 short bowel syndrome","author":"Organization","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985817750455","article-title":"Congenital short-bowel syndrome in an adult dog","volume":"55","author":"Clancy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.07.004","article-title":"Characteristics of adult patients with chronic intestinal failure due to short bowel syndrome: an international multicenter survey","volume":"45","author":"Pironi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091889","article-title":"Chronic intestinal failure in children: an International multicenter cross-sectional survey","volume":"14","author":"Lezo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1981.tb00607.x","article-title":"Short bowel syndrome-a case report in a dog and discussion of the pathophysiology of bowel resection","volume":"22","author":"Williams","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1992.tb00049.x","article-title":"Short-bowel syndrome in four dogs","volume":"21","author":"Yanoff","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/41.5.1002","article-title":"Compensatory enteral hyperalimentation for management of patients with severe short bowel syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Cosnes","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2004.30345.x","article-title":"Intestinal rehabilitation and the short bowel syndrome: part 1","volume":"99","author":"DiBaise","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2019.11.013","article-title":"Understanding short bowel syndrome: current status and future perspectives","volume":"52","author":"Massironi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI100410","article-title":"Intravenous injections: a study of the composition of the blood during continuous trauma to the intestines when no fluid is injected and when fluid is injected continuously","volume":"11","author":"Beard","year":"1932","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90842-9","article-title":"Intestinal secretion induced by volume expansion in the dog","volume":"75","author":"Duffy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2017.12.012","article-title":"Medical and surgical management of short bowel syndrome","volume":"155","author":"Billiauws","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.08.0352","article-title":"Gastrointestinal signs and a need for nutritional management may persist long term in dogs and cats undergoing resection of the ileocolic junction: 35 cases (2008-2020)","volume":"260","author":"Stecyk","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1994.tb01718.x","article-title":"Preservation versus excision of the ileocolic junction during colectomy for megacolon: a study of 22 cats","volume":"35","author":"Sweet","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(03)00113-1","article-title":"A serum factor(s) after small bowel resection induces intestinal epithelial cell proliferation: effects of timing, site, and extent of resection","volume":"38","author":"Juno","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib22","first-page":"23s","article-title":"Intestinal adaptation following resection","volume":"38","author":"Tappenden","year":"2014","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026697915937","article-title":"Factors affecting outcome following proximal and distal intestinal resection in the dog: an examination of the relative roles of mucosal adaptation, motility, luminal factors, and enteric peptides","volume":"44","author":"Thompson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90897-L","article-title":"The motor response to intestinal resection: motor activity in the canine small intestine following distal resection","volume":"105","author":"Quigley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5 pt.1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80261-2","article-title":"Effects of oral versus intravenous nutrition on intestinal adaptation after small bowel resection in the dog","volume":"70","author":"Feldman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib26","first-page":"175","article-title":"Influence of lipids on intestinal adaptation after resection","author":"Morin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Mechanisms of Intestinal Adaptation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607186010004343","article-title":"The effect of a pectin-supplemented elemental diet on intestinal adaptation to massive small bowel resection","volume":"10","author":"Koruda","year":"1986","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib28","first-page":"Cd006321","article-title":"Human growth hormone and glutamine for patients with short bowel syndrome","author":"Wales","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296430","article-title":"Human gut hormone profiles in patients with short bowel syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Andrews","year":"1992","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2022.02.013","article-title":"Short bowel syndrome and dysmotility","volume":"49","author":"Premkumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.134.7.747","article-title":"Esophageal pH monitoring abnormalities and gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants with intestinal malrotation","volume":"134","author":"Jolley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113536","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease and foregut dysmotility in children with intestinal failure","volume":"12","author":"Rybak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.15117","article-title":"Educational review and cases of delayed gastric emptying in children with short bowel syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Everhart","year":"2025","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.04.002","article-title":"Medical management of motility disorders in patients with intestinal failure: a focus on necrotizing enterocolitis, gastroschisis, and intestinal atresia","volume":"46","author":"Dicken","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1997296","article-title":"Gut microbiota-motility interregulation: insights from in vivo, ex vivo and in silico studies","volume":"14","author":"Waclawikov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3240573","article-title":"Interaction between the gut microbiota and intestinal motility","volume":"2022","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.014407","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of probiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota on gut motility and constipation","volume":"8","author":"Dimidi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.08.007","article-title":"Small bowel diameter in short bowel syndrome as a predictive factor for achieving enteral autonomy","volume":"178","author":"Ives","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib39","first-page":"53s","article-title":"Surgical management of short bowel syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Iyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74493-8_19","article-title":"Diagnosis of innervation-related motility disorders of the gut and basic aspects of enteric nervous system development","volume":"24","author":"Molenaar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Prog Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.012","article-title":"Breaking down a gut-to-brain circuit that prevents malabsorption","volume":"185","author":"Jarvie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib42","series-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of the ileal brake in humans. Dissertation","author":"Vu","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-006-0021-9","article-title":"Ileal brake: neuropeptidergic control of intestinal transit","volume":"8","author":"Van Citters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib44","first-page":"G727","article-title":"Vagally mediated gastric relaxation induced by intestinal nutrients in the dog","volume":"251","author":"Azpiroz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112300","article-title":"Enterogastrone-like effect of peptide YY is vagally mediated in the dog","volume":"77","author":"Pappas","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib46","first-page":"217","article-title":"Intestinal motility after massive small bowel resection in conscious canines: comparison of acute and chronic phases","volume":"23","author":"Uchiyama","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib47","series-title":"Applied veterinary clinical nutrition","first-page":"546","article-title":"Parenteral nutrition","author":"Perea","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-016-0511-3","article-title":"Management and complications of short bowel syndrome: an updated review","volume":"18","author":"Carroll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib49","first-page":"982","article-title":"Effects of monomeric and polymeric diets on small intestine following massive resection","volume":"88","author":"Lai","year":"1989","journal-title":"Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib50","first-page":"262","article-title":"Effect of casein versus casein hydrolysate on mucosal adaptation following massive bowel resection in infant rats","volume":"3","author":"Vanderhoof","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.05.032","article-title":"AGA clinical practice update on management of short bowel syndrome: expert review","volume":"20","author":"Iyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib52","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Loperamide: a pharmacological review","volume":"7","author":"Baker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199212000-00011","article-title":"The effect of loperamide on anorectal function in normal healthy men","volume":"15","author":"Musial","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.09.002","article-title":"Gastric motility disorders in dogs and cats","volume":"51","author":"Husnik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01039.x","article-title":"Metoclopramide reversal of decreased gastrointestinal myoelectric and contractile activity in a model of canine postoperative ileus","volume":"18","author":"Graves","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15787","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of the effect of metoclopramide, erythromycin, and exenatide on solid-phase gastric emptying in healthy cats","volume":"34","author":"Husnik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000253410.36492.E9","article-title":"Erythromycin is more effective than metoclopramide in the treatment of feed intolerance in critical illness","volume":"35","author":"Nguyen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.2001.890206.x","article-title":"Effects of 5-HT(4) receptor agonists, cisapride and mosapride citrate on electrocardiogram in anaesthetized rats and guinea-pigs and conscious cats","volume":"89","author":"Kii","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000304","article-title":"Prucalopride in gastroparesis: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study","volume":"114","author":"Carbone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib60","first-page":"49","article-title":"Role of prucalopride, a serotonin (5-HT(4)) receptor agonist, for the treatment of chronic constipation","volume":"3","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Exp Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00795.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of vincristine-induced gastric hypomotility and the prokinetic effect of mosapride in dogs","volume":"25","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(91)90030-P","article-title":"Erythromycin acts through a cholinergic pathway to improve canine-delayed gastric emptying following vagotomy and Roux-Y antrectomy","volume":"50","author":"Carlson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib63","article-title":"Prokinetic effect of erythromycin in the management of gastroparesis in critically ill patients-our experience and literature review","volume":"11","author":"Szczupak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib64","first-page":"G688","article-title":"Erythromycin mimics exogenous motilin in gastrointestinal contractile activity in the dog","volume":"247","author":"Itoh","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01708583","article-title":"Possible risk for cardiac arrhythmia related to intravenous erythromycin","volume":"18","author":"Haefeli","year":"1992","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2010.16.4.407","article-title":"Advantages of azithromycin over erythromycin in improving the gastric emptying half-time in adult patients with gastroparesis","volume":"16","author":"Larson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-1038-3","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of azithromycin versus erythromycin on antroduodenal pressure profiles of patients with chronic functional gastrointestinal pain and gastroparesis","volume":"55","author":"Moshiree","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16385","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of the effects of azithromycin on antral motility and gastric emptying in healthy cats","volume":"36","author":"Rutherford","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib69","series-title":"Yamada\u2019sTextbook of gastroenterology","first-page":"1305","article-title":"Short bowel syndrome and small bowel transplantation","author":"DiBaise","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1006\/jsre.1995.1037","article-title":"Pectin improves colonic function in rat short bowel syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Roth","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1990.tb11368.x","article-title":"The effects of a pectin-supplemented elemental diet in a boy with short gut syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Finkel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib72","first-page":"195","article-title":"Recurrent D-lactic acidosis in a child with short bowel syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Puwanant","year":"2005","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky437","article-title":"Cholestyramine decreases apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility and alters fecal characteristics and metabolites of healthy adult dogs","volume":"97","author":"Alexander","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40575-021-00099-x","article-title":"Cholestyramine treatment in two dogs with presumptive bile acid diarrhoea: a case report","volume":"8","author":"Toresson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Canine Med Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.70206","article-title":"Fecal and clinical profiles of dogs with chronic enteropathies treated with bile acid sequestrants for 5-47 months: a retrospective case series","volume":"39","author":"Toresson","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2010.00901.x","article-title":"Ursodeoxycholic acid promotes intestinal adaptation in a cat model of short bowel syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Kouti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.168.515","article-title":"Effects of massive small bowel resection on metabolism of bile acids and vitamin D3 and gastrin release in dogs","volume":"168","author":"Imamura","year":"1992","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4660","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214660","article-title":"Novel therapeutic approaches for mitigating complications in short bowel syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Bettag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib79","first-page":"739.e328","article-title":"Efficacy of the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist exenatide in the treatment of short bowel syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Kunkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuro Gastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2013.03.025","article-title":"Acute effects of continuous infusions of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, GLP-2 and the combination (GLP-1+GLP-2) on intestinal absorption in short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients. A placebo-controlled study","volume":"184","author":"Madsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib81","article-title":"Plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 concentrations are lower in dogs with chronic enteropathies than in healthy dogs","volume":"84","author":"Riehm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib82","first-page":"79","article-title":"Morphologic and nutritional responses to intestinal patching following intestinal resection","volume":"103","author":"Thompson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib83","unstructured":"Shemilt SB, Cline MG, Gaylord L, et al. Outcome for dogs with short bowel syndrome is independent of nutritional management strategy. Poster presented at: AAVN Clinical Nutrition & Research Symposium; June 21, 2025; Louisville (KY)."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib84","first-page":"254","article-title":"Short bowel syndrome following surgical correction of a double intussusception in a dog","volume":"19","author":"Joy","year":"1978","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib85","first-page":"163","article-title":"Dietary management of short bowel syndrome in a dog","volume":"1","author":"Pawlusiow","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08543-1","article-title":"Elemental diet as a therapeutic modality: a comprehensive review","volume":"69","author":"Nasser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16846","article-title":"Efficacy of an elemental diet in achieving clinical remission in dogs with chronic enteropathy","volume":"37","author":"Manchester","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.01.004","article-title":"Senior pet nutrition and management","volume":"51","author":"Churchill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.23.11.0641","article-title":"Nutritional management of pancreatitis and concurrent disease in dogs and cats","volume":"262","author":"Cridge","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.4.518","article-title":"Lymphatic absorption of enterally fed structured triacylglycerol vs physical mix in a canine model","volume":"60","author":"Jensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17132198","article-title":"Dietary interventions for short bowel syndrome in adults","volume":"17","author":"Pogatschnik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.22.08.0351","article-title":"Dietary fiber aids in the management of canine and feline gastrointestinal disease","volume":"260","author":"Moreno","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800540212","article-title":"Absorption of vitamin B-12 from the small intestine. Study in man, monkey, cat, and dog","volume":"54","author":"Gazet","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13797","article-title":"Oral cobalamin supplementation in dogs with chronic enteropathies and hypocobalaminemia","volume":"30","author":"Toresson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X16689406","article-title":"Oral cobalamin supplementation in cats with hypocobalaminaemia: a retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Toresson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607192016002117","article-title":"Influence of N-acetylglutamine or glutamine infusion on plasma amino acid concentrations during the early phase of small-bowel adaptation in the dog","volume":"16","author":"Gouttebel","year":"1992","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.07.002","article-title":"ESPEN practical guideline: clinical nutrition in chronic intestinal failure","volume":"40","author":"Cuerda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422410000260","article-title":"Potential benefits of pro- and prebiotics on intestinal mucosal immunity and intestinal barrier in short bowel syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Stoidis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2011.03.005","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on experimental short-bowel syndrome","volume":"202","author":"Tolga Muftuoglu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2377","article-title":"Probiotic treatment vs empiric oral antibiotics for managing dysbiosis in short bowel syndrome: impact on the mucosal and stool microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and adaptation","volume":"46","author":"Pauline","year":"2022","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-7232","article-title":"2021 AAHA nutrition and weight management guidelines for dogs and cats","volume":"57","author":"Cline","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15638","article-title":"Review of cobalamin status and disorders of cobalamin metabolism in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Kather","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561626000203?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195561626000203?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T17:09:54Z","timestamp":1781543394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195561626000203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195561626000203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-5616"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-5616","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Short Bowel Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cvsm.2026.02.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}