{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:15:50Z","timestamp":1759032950212},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cytokine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,18]],"date-time":"2005-02-18T12:50:59Z","timestamp":1108731059000},"page":"47-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Differential inflammatory activation of IL-6 (\u2212\/\u2212) astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"L.M.","family":"Bolin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zhaung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Strychkarska-Orczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Malit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130205","article-title":"Glial pathology but absence of apoptotic nigral neurons in long-standing Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Banati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61770-7","article-title":"Astrocytes and Parkinson's disease","volume":"94","author":"Forno","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"3 Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440717","article-title":"Glial cells and inflammation in Parkinson's disease: a role in neurodegeneration?","volume":"44","author":"Hirsch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib4","first-page":"24","article-title":"Oxidative mechanisms in nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Jenner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib5","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Glial cell reactions in neurodegenerative diseases: pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions","volume":"12","author":"McGeer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01471-1","article-title":"Nitric oxide, glial cells and neuronal degeneration in parkinsonism","volume":"21","author":"Hirsch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199910)46:4<598::AID-ANA7>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Evidence of active nerve cell degeneration in the substantia nigra of humans years after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposure","volume":"46","author":"Langston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(94)00048-I","article-title":"Neuroglial responses to the dopaminergic neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4- phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mouse striatum","volume":"17","author":"Francis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6993","article-title":"The inflammatory reaction following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxication in mouse","volume":"156","author":"Kurkowska-Jastrzebska","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01131.x","article-title":"Increased vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-lesioned interleukin-6 deficient mice","volume":"83","author":"Bolin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)03172-X","article-title":"Compromised reactive microgliosis in MPTP-lesioned IL-6 KO mice","volume":"985","author":"Cardenas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-09-03440.1999","article-title":"FcepsilonRII\/CD23 is expressed in Parkinson's disease and induces, in vitro, production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in glial cells","volume":"19","author":"Hunot","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II95","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00022909","article-title":"MPTP and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration as models for Parkinson's disease: neuroprotective strategies","volume":"247","author":"Grunblatt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00388-2","article-title":"Increase in level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned striatum in rats without influence of systemic L-DOPA on the TNF-alpha induction","volume":"268","author":"Mogi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90746-3","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) increases both in the brain and in the cerebrospinal fluid from parkinsonian patients","volume":"165","author":"Mogi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90508-8","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha are elevated in the brain from parkinsonian patients","volume":"180","author":"Mogi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1998.tb01736.x","article-title":"Interleukin-6 levels in cerebrospinal fluid inversely correlate to severity of Parkinson's disease","volume":"98","author":"Muller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)12192-7","article-title":"Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's and de novo Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"202","author":"Blum-Degen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12706-3","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-alpha levels are elevated in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid in juvenile parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease","volume":"211","author":"Mogi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.0200","article-title":"TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 concentrations are elevated in Parkinson's disease in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"142","author":"Vawter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90684-X","article-title":"Immunocytochemical analysis of tumor necrosis factor and its receptors in Parkinson's disease","volume":"172","author":"Boka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib22","first-page":"277","article-title":"Changes in cytokines and neurotrophins in Parkinson's disease","volume":"60","author":"Nagatsu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(98)00022-8","article-title":"Microglial and astrocytic involvement in a murine model of Parkinson's disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)","volume":"39","author":"Kohutnicka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5614","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-15-05614.1998","article-title":"Induction of interleukin-1 associated with compensatory dopaminergic sprouting in the denervated striatum of young mice: model of aging and neurodegenerative disease","volume":"18","author":"Ho","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(92)90133-6","article-title":"Production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor by astrocytes and brain macrophages","volume":"40","author":"Frei","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00583.x","article-title":"The effect of microglia on embryonic dopaminergic neuronal survival in vitro: diffusible signals from neurons and glia change microglia from neurotoxic to neuroprotective","volume":"11","author":"Zietlow","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19980915)53:6<697::AID-JNR8>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Abnormal astrocyte development and neuronal death in mice lacking the epidermal growth factor receptor","volume":"53","author":"Kornblum","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(97)00023-3","article-title":"Interleukin-1","volume":"8","author":"Dinarello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.7.2659","article-title":"Cytokine production by human fetal microglia and astrocytes. Differential induction by lipopolysaccharide and IL-1 beta","volume":"150","author":"Lee","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90380-X","article-title":"Molecular profile of reactive astrocytes\u2013implications for their role in neurologic disease","volume":"54","author":"Eddleston","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.2.478","article-title":"Differential production of and migratory response to beta chemokines by human microglia and astrocytes","volume":"175","author":"Peterson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.3.1344","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 expression in the central nervous system and cultured astrocytes and microglia","volume":"159","author":"Stalder","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4015","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.7.4015","article-title":"Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and KC induce chemokine production by mouse astrocytes","volume":"165","author":"Luo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3109\/08977190109001082","article-title":"Interleukin-5 receptor alpha chain expression and splicing during brain development in mice","volume":"19","author":"Lins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1081\/IPH-120003403","article-title":"Cytokine production regulation in human astrocytes by a herbal combination (Yuldahansotang)","volume":"24","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10259","article-title":"Cytokine, chemokine and growth factor gene profiling of cultured human astrocytes after exposure to proinflammatory stimuli","volume":"43","author":"Meeuwsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12877","article-title":"The chemokine KC, but not monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, triggers monocyte arrest on early atherosclerotic endothelium","volume":"108","author":"Huo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.11.6467","article-title":"Resident cell chemokine expression serves as the major mechanism for leukocyte recruitment during local inflammation","volume":"169","author":"Garcia-Ramallo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib39","first-page":"117","article-title":"cDNA microarray to study gene expression of dopaminergic neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in MPTP and 6-hydroxydopamine models: implications for idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"60","author":"Mandel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2003-1461","article-title":"Dynamics of expression of the mRNA for cytokines and inducible nitric synthase in a murine model of the Parkinson's disease","volume":"63","author":"Ciesielska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70041584.x","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide intranigral injection induces inflammatory reaction and damage in nigrostriatal dopaminergic system","volume":"70","author":"Castano","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00799.x","article-title":"The degenerative effect of a single intranigral injection of LPS on the dopaminergic system is prevented by dexamethasone, and not mimicked by rh-TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma","volume":"81","author":"Castano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-04-01228.2003","article-title":"Synergistic dopaminergic neurotoxicity of the pesticide rotenone and inflammogen lipopolysaccharide: relevance to the etiology of Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Gao","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00928.x","article-title":"Microglial activation-mediated delayed and progressive degeneration of rat nigral dopaminergic neurons: relevance to Parkinson's disease","volume":"81","author":"Gao","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-16-06309.2000","article-title":"Regional difference in susceptibility to lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity in the rat brain: role of microglia","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.043166","article-title":"Dextromethorphan protects dopaminergic neurons against inflammation-mediated degeneration through inhibition of microglial activation","volume":"305","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.4.1243","article-title":"Defective inflammatory response in interleukin 6-deficient mice","volume":"180","author":"Fattori","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1996.0169","article-title":"Differential effects of IL-6 on systemic and central production of TNF: a study with IL-6-deficient mice","volume":"9","author":"Di Santo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.143.11.3517","article-title":"IL-6 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in cultured human monocytes, U937 cells, and in mice","volume":"143","author":"Aderka","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3444","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.10.3444","article-title":"IL-10 acts on the antigen-presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by Th1 cells","volume":"146","author":"Fiorentino","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.721466.x","article-title":"Interleukin-10 inhibits both production of cytokines and expression of cytokine receptors in microglia","volume":"72","author":"Sawada","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.2.192","article-title":"Defective regulation of IFNgamma and IL-12 by endogenous IL-10 in progressive MS","volume":"55","author":"Balashov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706015","article-title":"Interleukin-10 mediates the protective effect of Linomide by reducing CXC chemokine production in endotoxin-induced liver injury","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.3.1685","article-title":"Role of resident peritoneal macrophages and mast cells in chemokine production and neutrophil migration in acute inflammation: evidence for an inhibitory loop involving endogenous IL-10","volume":"162","author":"Ajuebor","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.64.1.33","article-title":"IL-10 suppresses LPS-induced KC mRNA expression via a translation-dependent decrease in mRNA stability","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199805110-00044","article-title":"IFN-gamma production of adult rat astrocytes triggered by TNF-alpha","volume":"9","author":"Xiao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.4.2106","article-title":"A point mutation in the IL-12R beta 2 gene underlies the IL-12 unresponsiveness of Lps-defective C57BL\/10ScCr mice","volume":"167","author":"Poltorak","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19970715)49:2<248::AID-JNR13>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Proliferation of ramified microglia on an astrocyte monolayer: characterization of stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines","volume":"49","author":"Kloss","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)12153-6","article-title":"Mitogenic effects of interleukin-5 on microglia","volume":"201","author":"Ringheim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.7.2358","article-title":"Production of hemolymphopoietic cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, colony-stimulating factors) by normal human astrocytes in response to IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha","volume":"149","author":"Aloisi","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib61","first-page":"299","article-title":"IL-10 as an autocrine regulator of CSF secretion by monocytes: disparate effects on GM-CSF and G-CSF secretion","volume":"26","author":"Lenhoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10095","article-title":"GM-CSF and M-CSF modulate beta-chemokine and HIV-1 expression in microglia","volume":"39","author":"Si","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-472X(99)00115-0","article-title":"Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 regulate chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in bone marrow macrophages","volume":"27","author":"Jarmin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(96)00154-3","article-title":"Induction of RANTES expression by astrocytes and astrocytoma cell lines","volume":"71","author":"Barnes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.3.1701","article-title":"Negative feedback between prostaglandin and alpha- and beta-chemokine synthesis in human microglial cells and astrocytes","volume":"162","author":"Janabi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990115)55:2<245::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"Cytokine-induced production of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) in cultured human astrocytes","volume":"55","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289909029749","article-title":"Cytokine regulation of CC and CXC chemokine expression by human astrocytes","volume":"5","author":"Oh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01316.x","article-title":"Production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 by rat brain macrophages","volume":"8","author":"Calvo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.3.1537","article-title":"Regulation of macrophage chemokine expression by lipopolysaccharide in vitro and in vivo","volume":"163","author":"Kopydlowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03129-2","article-title":"Focal ischemia induces transient expression of IL-6 in the substantia nigra pars reticulata","volume":"889","author":"Dihne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200110080-00032","article-title":"Interleukin-6 expression in exo-focal neurons after striatal cerebral ischemia","volume":"12","author":"Dihne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200002000-00019","article-title":"Experimental closed head injury: analysis of neurological outcome, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, intracranial neutrophil infiltration, and neuronal cell death in mice deficient in genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines","volume":"20","author":"Stahel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02013-3","article-title":"Interleukin-6 promotes post-traumatic healing in the central nervous system","volume":"896","author":"Swartz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7199","article-title":"Cytokines associated with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease brain stimulate human glial and neuronal cell cultures to secrete early complement proteins, but not C1-inhibitor","volume":"160","author":"Veerhuis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03176-0","article-title":"Beta-amyloid-induced glial expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cerebral cortex of aged transgenic Tg2576 mice with Alzheimer plaque pathology","volume":"894","author":"Apelt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000071001","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"16","author":"Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00328-1","article-title":"Biochemical markers related to Alzheimer's dementia in serum and cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"23","author":"Teunissen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"}],"container-title":["Cytokine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043466605000219?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043466605000219?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T16:51:06Z","timestamp":1706028666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043466605000219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1043466605000219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-4666"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-4666","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]}}}