{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:56:58Z","timestamp":1788325018039,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytokine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,10]],"date-time":"2017-08-10T10:30:22Z","timestamp":1502361022000},"page":"76-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphisms and haplotypes in Egyptian children with nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Doaa M.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal S.","family":"El-Shal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd El Rahman E.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2007.01077.x","article-title":"Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in New Zealand children, demographic, clinical features, initial management and outcome after twelve-month follow-up: results of a three year national surveillance study","volume":"43","author":"Wong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0010","first-page":"365","article-title":"The many faces of minimal change nepherotic syndrome: an overview and case study","volume":"39","author":"Richardson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nepherol. Nurs. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0015","first-page":"853","article-title":"Minimal change nephrotic syndrome: new insights into disease pathogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Audard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.14-1-30","article-title":"Nephrotic Syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Kelsch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.44017","article-title":"Does cytokine gene polymorphism affect steroid responses in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome?","volume":"62","author":"Tripathi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ind. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1242","volume":"105","author":"Hogg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1020513","article-title":"Cytokine polymorphisms and nephrotic syndrome","volume":"102","author":"Mathieson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-011-0126-2","article-title":"Cytokine gene polymorphism in idiopathic Nephrotic syndrome children","volume":"26","author":"Jafar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ind. J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0045","first-page":"713","article-title":"T-cell dysfunction in minimal change nephrotic syndrome of childhood","volume":"136","author":"Fodor","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Dis. Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2478\/v10153-010-0035-9","article-title":"Dynamics in serum cytokine responses during acute and convalescent stages of Mediterranean spotted fever","volume":"53","author":"Popivanova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Folia Med. (Plovdiv)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0055","first-page":"1932","article-title":"Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a randomised phase III trial","volume":"354","author":"Maini","year":"1999","journal-title":"ATTRACT Study Group. Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.2.294-309.2002","article-title":"Innate immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"15","author":"van Crevel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00227.x","article-title":"Impact of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphism on IgA nephropathy","volume":"58","author":"Shu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3195","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3195","article-title":"Effects of a polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter on transcriptional activation","volume":"94","author":"Wilson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03564.x","article-title":"Association of TNF polymorphisms with sarcoidosis, its prognosis and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels in Asian Indians","volume":"151","author":"Sharma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0080","first-page":"147","article-title":"Association between levels of TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha promoter -308 A\/A polymorphism in children with Kawasaki disease","volume":"102","author":"Chien","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med Assoc"},{"issue":"226\u2013228","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0085","first-page":"18","article-title":"rapid genotyping for tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1)\u2212 863C\/A promoter polymorphism that determines TNF-\u03b1 response","volume":"50","author":"Heesen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.08.033","article-title":"Association analysis of TNFRSF1B polymorphism with susceptibility for migraine in the Chinese Han population","volume":"19","author":"Dong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1309\/LM532DSPDUXIRJVN","article-title":"Association of TNF-\u03b1 gene promoter polymorphisms with susceptibility of cervical cancer in Southwest China","volume":"42","author":"Zuo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0100","first-page":"84","article-title":"Association of cytokine genes polymorphisms and the response to corticosteroid therapy in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: A pilot study in Egypt","volume":"2","author":"Madani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Internat. Res. J. Med. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80760-3","article-title":"The primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Identification of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome from initial response to prednisone","volume":"98","author":"International Study of Kidney Disease in Children","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2008.11.018","article-title":"Treatment of steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Chemli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80692-6","article-title":"Early identification of frequent relapsers among children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. a report of the international study of kidney disease in children","volume":"101","author":"International Study of Kidney Disease in Children","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1559","article-title":"Management of childhood onset nephrotic syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Gipson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T. Skoog, F.M. van\u2019t Hooft, B. Kallin, S. Jovinge, S. Boquist, J. Nilsson, P. Eriksson, A. Hamsten, A common functional polymorphism (C\u2013[A substitution at position -863) in the promoter region of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene associated with reduced circulating levels of TNF-alpha, Hum Mol Genet. (1999) 8:1443\u20131449.","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.8.1443"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417456","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1417456","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms in pediatric idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"2016","author":"Suvanto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364301","article-title":"Cytokine gene polymorphism in human disease: online databases, supplement 3","volume":"7","author":"Hollegaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1080\/08860220701573624","article-title":"Steroid responsiveness of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in the southeastern region of Turkey","volume":"29","author":"Davutoglu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ren. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80742-6","article-title":"Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-a in the nephrotic syndrome in humans","volume":"21","author":"Suranyi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.1994.tb02022.x","article-title":"Increase of tumor necrosis factor a synthesis and gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Bustos","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Eskandari-Nasab, M. Moghadampour, A. Sepanj-Nia, TNF-\u03b1 -238, -308, -863 polymorphisms, and brucellosis infection, Hum Immunol. 201631 77 121\u2013125.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.11.010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0160","first-page":"234","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 genetic polymorphisms and its expression in Egyptian rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"2","author":"Mousa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Life Sci.."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02602566","article-title":"An intragenic polymorphism in the human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) chain-encoding gene","volume":"44","author":"D'Alfonso","year":"1996","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2006.00767.x","article-title":"Associations of tumour necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphisms at position -308 and -238 with clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis C","volume":"13","author":"Dai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Viral. Hepat."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4236\/oji.2015.55019","article-title":"IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1 polymorphisms in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN)","volume":"5","author":"Giacomelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open J. Immunol.."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-003-1403-y","article-title":"Association of Il-1B, Il-1ra, and TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms in childhood nephrotic syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0185","first-page":"630","article-title":"Association of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease in Iran","volume":"43","author":"Naderi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. arma, M. Bose, Abhimanyu, L. Sharma, A. Diwakar, S. Kumar S.N. Gaur, J.N. Banavalikar, Intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages is modulated by phenotype of the pathogen and immune status of the host, International Journal of Mycobacteriology. (2012) 1(2) 65-74.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmyco.2012.02.001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200010150-00021","article-title":"Increased NF-\u03baB and angiotensinogen gene expression in post-transplant recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"70","author":"Schachter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1281648","article-title":"Transcriptional and post-transcriptional alterations of I kappa B alpha in active minimal-change nephrotic syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Sahali","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-013-0080-4","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 haplotype association with polycystic ovary syndrome -a South Indian study","volume":"30","author":"Deepika","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/09723757.2014.11886221","article-title":"Haplotype analysis of TNFA gene in peptic ulcer patients","volume":"14","author":"Salagacka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4276","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-162008","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor SNP haplotypes are associated with iron deficiency anemia in West African children","volume":"112","author":"Atkinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52298","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052298","article-title":"Increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 and its promoter polymorphisms correlate with disease progression and higher susceptibility towards vitiligo","volume":"20","author":"Laddha","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS. one."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.035048","article-title":"Differential effect of IL10 and TNF{alpha} genotypes on determining susceptibility to discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.6.561","article-title":"Association of TNF2, a TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism, with septic shock susceptibility and mortality: a multicenter study","volume":"282","author":"Mira","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03686.x","article-title":"Functional analysis of a new polymorphism in the human TNF \u03b1 gene promoter","volume":"42","author":"Pociot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol.."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1998.tb03002.x","article-title":"Polymorphism of the 5\u2032-flanking region of the human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 gene in Japanese","volume":"51","author":"Higuchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Tissue antigens."}],"container-title":["Cytokine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104346661730193X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104346661730193X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:51:15Z","timestamp":1760907075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S104346661730193X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S104346661730193X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-4666"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-4666","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphisms and haplotypes in Egyptian children with nephrotic syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cytokine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}