{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:47:47Z","timestamp":1792219667645,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytokine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T09:11:18Z","timestamp":1726477878000},"page":"156757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Lupeol stimulates iNOS, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-10 expression in the U937 cell line infected with old-world Leishmania donovani"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Talib Fadhil","family":"Abbas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayder Z.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000556","article-title":"The persisting burden of visceral leishmaniasis in Iraq: data of the National Surveillance System, 1990\u20132009","volume":"141","author":"Majeed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0010","first-page":"1565450","article-title":"Evaluation of IL-8, nitric oxide and macrophage inhibitory factor as clinical circulatory markers in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, before and during sodium stibogluconate treatment","volume":"173","author":"Hassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghaei,M., Khanahmad,H., Aghaei,S., Hosseini,S.M., Farahmand,M., & Hejazi,S.H. (2020). Evaluation of transgenic Leishmania infantum expressing mLLO\u2010BAX\u2010SMAC in the apoptosis of the infected macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Parasite Immunology, 42(11). doi: 10.1111\/pim.12726.","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12726"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0020","unstructured":"WHO. Global leishmaniasis surveillance, 2022: assessing trends over the past 10 years. (2023). Available online at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/who-wer9840-471-487 (accessed 8 January 2024)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20198388","article-title":"American tegumentary leishmaniasis: severe side effects of pentavalent antimonial in a patient with chronic renal failure","volume":"94","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496713","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2496713","article-title":"Review on the Role of Host Immune Response in Protection and Immunopathogenesis during Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Infection","volume":"2020","author":"Dubie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.21608\/puj.2022.155256.1182","article-title":"Leishmania donovani promotes macrophages polarization towards M2 phenotype in vitro: A new approach to identify a new therapeutic target","volume":"15","author":"Habib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitologists United Journa"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.103","article-title":"Leishmania and the macrophage: a multifaceted interaction","volume":"10","author":"Podinovskaia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012718","article-title":"Diversity, Mechanisms, and Significance of Macrophage Plasticity","volume":"15","author":"Locati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v10i5.4280","article-title":"A Review on Pharmacological Activities of Lupeol and its Triterpene Derivatives","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-8453.86298","article-title":"Biological activities of lupeol","volume":"2","author":"Wal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Lupeol and \u03b2-Amyrin (Triterpenoids) Isolated from the Rhizome of Dolichos pachyrhizus Harm","volume":"7","author":"Musa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0065","first-page":"619","article-title":"Ferulaldehyde and lupeol as direct and indirect antimicrobial compounds from Cordia gilletii (Boraginaceae) root barks","volume":"9","author":"Okusa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.11.031","article-title":"The pentacyclic triterpene Lupeol switches M1 macrophages to M2 and ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"30","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007056300503","article-title":"Effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate on lysosomal enzymes and collagen in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats","volume":"201","author":"Geetha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.06.002","article-title":"Preventive effects of lupeol on DMBA induced DNA alkylation damage in mouse skin","volume":"45","author":"Nigam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2009.04.033","article-title":"Lupeol, a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer dietary triterpene","volume":"285","author":"Saleem","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0090","first-page":"142","article-title":"Lupeol as a magical drug","volume":"2","author":"Wal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0095","first-page":"295","article-title":"Artemisinin efficacy against old world Leishmania donovani: in vitro and ex vivo study","volume":"63","author":"Al-HAlbosiy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.21123\/bsj.2021.18.1.0029","article-title":"Molecular typing of two suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis in Baghdad","volume":"18","author":"Bayram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Baghdad Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrep.2022.101383","article-title":"Comparison of monocytic cell lines U937 and THP-1 as macrophage models for in vitro studies","volume":"32","author":"Nascimento","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.24996\/ijs.2023.64.2.3","article-title":"Artemisinin Efficacy on iNOS Production in U937 Cell-line Infected with Leishmania donovani","volume":"64","author":"Neamah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iraqi Journal of Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0496","article-title":"Normalization of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data: a model-based variance estimation approach to identify genes suited for normalization, applied to bladder and colon cancer data sets","volume":"64","author":"Andersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BILE.0000019559.84305.47","article-title":"Determination of stable housekeeping genes, differentially regulated target genes and sample integrity: BestKeeper\u2013Excel-based tool using pair-wise correlations","volume":"26","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.624009","article-title":"Role of Cytokines in Experimental and Human Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"11","author":"Samant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Dawi A F, Babikerl D T, N.K.Y. Mustafa, et al. Modulation of the Expression of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, IFN\u03b3 and IL-10 in THP1 Cell Line Following Infection with Leishmania Donovani Isolates from Different Clinical forms of Leishmaniasis. Clin Rev Cases.2021; 3(1): 1-5.","DOI":"10.33425\/2689-1069.1024"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00046-10","article-title":"Leishmania donovani amastigotes impair gamma interferon-induced STAT1alpha nuclear translocation by blocking the interaction between STAT1alpha and importin-alpha5","volume":"78","author":"Matte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187186","article-title":"Arginase expression modulates nitric oxide production in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis","volume":"12","author":"Acu\u00f1a","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(01)00013-3","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in Leishmania-infected dog macrophages","volume":"24","author":"Sisto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155319","article-title":"Lupeol and amphotericin B mediate synergistic anti-leishmanial immunomodulatory effects in Leishmania donovani-infected BALB\/c mice","volume":"137","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6671287","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6671287","article-title":"Related Pentacyclic Triterpenes Have Immunomodulatory Activity in Chronic Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis","volume":"2021","author":"de Jesus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148084","article-title":"The Role of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in the Killing of Leishmania braziliensis by Monocytes from Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis","volume":"11","author":"Carneiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.04.022","article-title":"Antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities of lupeol, a triterpene compound isolated from Sterculia villosa","volume":"50","author":"Das","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106117","article-title":"Effects of terpenes in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review of preclinical evidence","volume":"177","author":"Raimundo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00072","article-title":"Impact of Leishmania metalloprotease GP63 on macrophage signaling","volume":"2","author":"Isnard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luz, N. F., Andrade, B. B., Feij\u00f3, D. F., Ara\u00fajo-Santos, T., Carvalho, G. Q., Andrade, D., Ab\u00e1nades, D. R., Melo, E. V., Silva, A. M., Brodskyn, C. I., Barral-Netto, M., Barral, A., Soares, R. P., Almeida, R. P., Bozza, M. T., & Borges, V. M. (2012). Heme oxygenase-1 promotes the persistence of Leishmania chagasi infection. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 188(9), 4460\u20134467. doi: 10.4049\/jimmunol.1103072.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103072"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2281-4","article-title":"Screening of TNF\u03b1, IL-10 and TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms in individuals with asymptomatic and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia: A pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Mera-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01772","article-title":"Anti-tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 therapeutics differentially affect leishmania infection of human macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Arens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.4.1811","article-title":"The vasoactive peptide maxadilan from sand fly saliva inhibits TNF-alpha and induces IL-6 by mouse macrophages through interaction with the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptor","volume":"160","author":"Soares","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.847797","article-title":"Major Molecular Factors Related to Leishmania Pathogenicity","volume":"13","author":"Al-Khalaifah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.03.011","article-title":"The role of TNF in parasitic diseases: still more questions than answers","volume":"40","author":"K\u00f6rner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000659","article-title":"Lupeol induces immunity and protective efficacy in a murine model against visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"146","author":"Kaur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-008-8039-2","article-title":"Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of some isolated constituents from the stem bark of Allanblackia monticola Staner L.C (Guttiferae)","volume":"17","author":"Nguemfo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.04.129","article-title":"The regulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophage cell line by the chemical constituents of Rhus sylvestris","volume":"19","author":"Ding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.05.007","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages: mechanism and functions","volume":"32","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00670","article-title":"Cytokines: Key Determinants of Resistance or Disease Progression in Visceral Leishmaniasis: Opportunities for Novel Diagnostics and Immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Dayakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1232816","article-title":"Lupeol counteracts the proinflammatory signalling triggered in macrophages by 7-Keto-Cholesterol: New perspectives in the therapy of atherosclerosis","volume":"2020","author":"Saha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1499-1507.2001","article-title":"Immunomodulatory role of interleukin-10 in visceral leishmaniasis: defective activation of protein kinase C-mediated signal transduction events","volume":"69","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines","volume":"41","author":"Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6453","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6453-6462.2003","article-title":"Modulation of T-cell Costimulation as immunotherapy or Immunochemotherapy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"71","author":"Murray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004415","article-title":"Combined immune therapy for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"10","author":"Faleiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0367-326X(01)00259-3","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate on tissue antioxidant defence system in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"72","author":"Sunitha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"}],"container-title":["Cytokine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043466624002618?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1043466624002618?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T19:56:26Z","timestamp":1727121386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1043466624002618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S1043466624002618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757","relation":{},"ISSN":["1043-4666"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1043-4666","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lupeol stimulates iNOS, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-10 expression in the U937 cell line infected with old-world Leishmania donovani","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cytokine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156757","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"156757"}}